Results for 'S. Chess'

951 found
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  1.  32
    Behavioral Individuality in Early Childhood.A. Thomas, H. Birch, S. Chess, M. Hertzig & S. Korn - 1965 - British Journal of Educational Studies 14 (1):110-110.
  2. Chess is Not a Game.Deborah P. Vossen - 2008 - In Benjamin Hale (ed.), Philosophy Looks at Chess. Open Court Press. pp. 191-208.
    As described in Benjamin Hale’s Introduction to “Philosophy Looks at Chess”: -/- “Deb Vossen asks whether chess can rightly be considered a game in the first place. She concludes, much to the surprise of many readers, that chess is not a game. Her evocative claim turns on a distinction between a game and the idea of a game, which evolved out of Bernard Suits’s phenomenally underappreciated work The Grasshopper: Games, Life and Utopia. She advances this position by (...)
     
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  3.  23
    Turing’s 1948 ‘Paper Chess Machine’ Test as a Prototype of the Turing Test.Paweł Łupkowski - 2019 - Ruch Filozoficzny 75 (2):117.
    The aim of this paper is to present the idea which served as a prototype and probably a test field for the idea of the well-known Turing test. This idea is the ‘paper machine’ (an algorithm) for playing chess and the proposal to test its abil-ities in confrontation with a human chess player. I will describe the details of this proposal and discuss it in the light of the Turing test setting.
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  4.  53
    Chess, Artificial Intelligence, and Epistemic Opacity.Paul Grünke - 2019 - Információs Társadalom 19 (4):7--17.
    In 2017 AlphaZero, a neural network-based chess engine shook the chess world by convincingly beating Stockfish, the highest-rated chess engine. In this paper, I describe the technical differences between the two chess engines and based on that, I discuss the impact of the modeling choices on the respective epistemic opacities. I argue that the success of AlphaZero’s approach with neural networks and reinforcement learning is counterbalanced by an increase in the epistemic opacity of the resulting model.
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  5.  55
    Chess, Games, and Flies.Stefano Franchi - 2005 - Essays in Philosophy 6 (1):85-114.
    Research in Artificial Intelligence has always had a very strong relationship with games and game-playing, and especially with chess. Workers in AI have always denied that this interest was more than purely accidental. Parlor games, they claimed, became a favorite topic of interest because they provided the ideal test case for any simulation of intelligence. Chess is the Drosophila of AI, it was said, with reference to the fruit-fly whose fast reproductive cycle made it into a favorite test (...)
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  6.  99
    The predictive mind and chess-playing: A reply to Shand.Matteo Colombo & Jan Sprenger - 2014 - Analysis 74 (4):603-608.
    In a recent Analysis piece, John Shand (2014) argues that the Predictive Theory of Mind provides a unique explanation for why one cannot play chess against oneself. On the basis of this purported explanatory power, Shand concludes that we have an extra reason to believe that PTM is correct. In this reply, we first rectify the claim that one cannot play chess against oneself; then we move on to argue that even if this were the case, Shand’s argument (...)
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  7.  95
    Philosophy Looks at Chess.Benjamin Hale (ed.) - 2008 - Open Court Press.
    This book offers a collection of contemporary essays that explore philosophical themes at work in chess. This collection includes essays on the nature of a game, the appropriateness of chess as a metaphor for life, and even deigns to query whether Garry Kasparov might—just might—be a cyborg. In twelve unique essays, contributed by philosophers with a broad range of expertise in chess, this book poses both serious and playful questions about this centuries-old pastime. -/- Perhaps more interestingly, (...)
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  8.  49
    Chess & Schizophrenia: Murphy v Mr Endon, Beckett v Bion. [REVIEW]Gary Winship - 2011 - Journal of Medical Humanities 32 (4):339-351.
    This paper reconvenes Samuel Beckett’s psychotherapy with Wilfred Bion during 1934–1936 during which time Beckett’s conceived and began writing this second novel, Murphy . Based on Beckett’s visits to the Bethlem & Maudsley Hospital and his observation of the male nurses, the climax of Murphy is a chess match between Mr Endon (a male schizophrenic patient) and Murphy (a male psychiatric nurse). The precise notation of the Endon v Murphy chess match tells us that the Beckett intended it (...)
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  9.  60
    Duchamp's “mechanistic sculptures”: Art, nudes and the game of chess.Gary Banham - 1999 - Angelaki 4 (3):181 – 190.
    In this paper I present some reasons for seeing Duchamp's ready-mades as part of the history of sculpture and relate them to his engagement with both nudes and chess motifs.
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  10.  49
    How intellectual is chess? -- a reply to Howard.Merim Bilalić & Peter Mcleod - 2006 - Journal of Biosocial Science 38 (3):419-421.
    Howard's (2005) claim that male dominance in chess is 'consistent with the evolutionary psychology view that males predominate at high achievement levels at least partly because of ability differences' (p. 378) is based on the premise that top level chess skill depends on a high level of IQ and visuospatial abilities. This premise is not supported by empirical evidence. In 1927 Djakow et al. first showed that world-class chess players do not have exceptional intellectual abilities. This finding (...)
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  11.  66
    Chess, Love, and Values.Valerie Tiberius - 2023 - Analysis 83 (1):123-134.
    Richard Kraut’s intriguing and provocative book, The Quality of Life, offers a sustained defence of strong experientialism (perhaps also a surprising defence, f.
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  12.  44
    Neurodoping in Chess to Enhance Mental Stamina.Elizabeth Shaw - 2021 - Neuroethics 14 (2):217-230.
    This article discusses substances/techniques that target the brain in order to enhance sports performance (known as “neurodoping”). It considers whether neurodoping in mind sports, such as chess, is unethical and whether it should be a crime. Rather than focusing on widely discussed objections against doping based on harm/risk to health, this article focuses specifically on the objection that neurodoping, even if safe, would undermine the “spirit of sport”. Firstly, it briefly explains why chess can be considered a sport. (...)
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  13.  21
    The phenomenon of the chess game in the art of the XX century.Irina Mikhailovna Balbekova - 2022 - Философия И Культура 5:1-11.
    This article examines the history of the creation of game theory as a phenomenon of culture and art. Contribution of theorists and artists of the twentieth century in the formation of game theory, its place in modern art criticism and philosophy. The significance and influence of the personality of Marcel Duchamp, surrealist artists in creating a modern understanding of the game in art and in life. The subject of the research in this article is such concepts as the game and (...)
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  14.  62
    Expertise in Complex Decision Making: The Role of Search in Chess 70 Years After de Groot.Michael H. Connors, Bruce D. Burns & Guillermo Campitelli - 2011 - Cognitive Science 35 (8):1567-1579.
    One of the most influential studies in all expertise research is de Groot’s (1946) study of chess players, which suggested that pattern recognition, rather than search, was the key determinant of expertise. Many changes have occurred in the chess world since de Groot’s study, leading some authors to argue that the cognitive mechanisms underlying expertise have also changed. We decided to replicate de Groot’s study to empirically test these claims and to examine whether the trends in the data (...)
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  15.  71
    An active symbols theory of chess intuition.Alexandre Linhares - 2005 - Minds and Machines 15 (2):131-181.
    The well-known game of chess has traditionally been modeled in artificial intelligence studies by search engines with advanced pruning techniques. The models were thus centered on an inference engine manipulating passive symbols in the form of tokens. It is beyond doubt, however, that human players do not carry out such processes. Instead, chess masters instead carry out perceptual processes, carefully categorizing the chunks perceived in a position and gradually building complex dynamic structures to represent the subtle pressures embedded (...)
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  16.  42
    They Do What They Are Told to Do: The Influence of Instruction on (Chess) Expert Perception—Commentary on Linhares and Brum (2007).Merim Bilalić & Fernand Gobet - 2009 - Cognitive Science 33 (5):743-747.
    Linhares and Brum (2007) argue that they provide evidence for analogy as the main principle behind experts’ acquisition of perceptual knowledge. However, the methodology they used—asking players to pair positions using abstract similarity—raises the possibility that the task reflects more the effect of directional instructions than the principles underlying the acquisition of knowledge. Here we replicate and extend Linhares and Brum’s experiment and show that the matching task they used is inadequate for drawing any conclusions about the nature of experts’ (...)
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  17.  14
    Caxton's "The Game and Playe of the Chesse".David Antin - 1968 - Journal of the History of Ideas 29 (2):269.
  18. Intuitions without concepts lose the game: mindedness in the art of chess[REVIEW]Barbara Montero & C. D. A. Evans - 2011 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 10 (2):175-194.
    To gain insight into human nature philosophers often discuss the inferior performance that results from deficits such as blindsight or amnesia. Less often do they look at superior abilities. A notable exception is Herbert Dreyfus who has developed a theory of expertise according to which expert action generally proceeds automatically and unreflectively. We address one of Dreyfus’s primary examples of expertise: chess. At first glance, chess would seem an obvious counterexample to Dreyfus’s view since, clearly, chess experts (...)
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  19. Expert chess memory without chess knowledge-a training study.K. A. Ericsson & M. S. Harris - 1990 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 28 (6):518-518.
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  20.  29
    "ARGUMENT IS WAR"-Or is it a Game of Chess? Multiple Meanings in the Analysis of Implicit Metaphors.David Ritchie - 2003 - Metaphor and Symbol 18 (2):125-146.
    Both Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Vervaeke and Kennedy (1996), in their critique of Lakoff and Johnson, drew narrowly from a broad range of reasonable interpretations of the metaphors they analyzed. Expanding the interpretations vitiates many of Vervaeke and Kennedy's criticisms, but it supports their call for an open interpretation of groups of metaphors and points toward a more complex elaboration of the theories put forth by Lakoff and Johnson. The results of applying this approach to "ARGUMENT IS WAR" suggest (...)
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  21.  38
    Preferential Engagement and What Can We Learn from Online Chess?Vadim Kulikov - 2020 - Minds and Machines 30 (4):617-636.
    An online game of chess against a human opponent appears to be indistinguishable from a game against a machine: both happen on the screen. Yet, people prefer to play chess against other people despite the fact that machines surpass people in skill. When the philosophers of 1970’s and 1980’s argued that computers will never surpass us in chess, perhaps their intuitions were rather saying “Computers will never be favored as opponents”? In this paper we analyse through the (...)
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  22. Expert and “novice” problem solving strategies in chess: Sixty years of citing de Groot (1946).Fernand Gobet, Peter McLeod & Merim Bilalić - 2008 - Thinking and Reasoning 14 (4):395-408.
    In a famous study of expert problem solving, de Groot (1946/1978) examined how chess players found the best move. He reported that there was little difference in the way that the best players (Grand Masters) and very good players (Candidate Masters) searched the board. Although this result has been regularly cited in studies of expertise, it is frequently misquoted. It is often claimed that de Groot found no difference in the way that experts and novices investigate a problem. Comparison (...)
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  23.  97
    Another go at musical profundity: Stephen Davies and the game of chess.Peter Kivy - 2003 - British Journal of Aesthetics 43 (4):401-411.
    I have argued previously that the art of absolute music, unlike, for example, the art of literature, is not capable of profundity, which I characterized as treating a profound subject matter, at the highest artistic level, in a manner appropriate to its profundity. Stephen Davies has recently argued that there is another way of being profound, which he calls non-propositional profundity, and for which chess provides his principal example. He argues, further, that absolute music also exhibits this non-propositional profundity. (...)
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  24.  17
    To me, chess is not a sport: to et le point de vue.Lise Hamelin - 2010 - Corela. Cognition, Représentation, Langage 8.
    Cette étude, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre de la Théorie des Opérations Énonciatives élaborées par A. Culioli, consiste en l’examen du fonctionnement du marqueur to, lorsque celui-ci intervient en position initiale détachée pour introduire un terme référant à un animé humain. Cet animé humain constitue alors la subjectivité de référence sur le contenu exprimé par la relation prédicative. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons au statut de cet animé humain : s’agit-il d’une source énonciative ou d’un simple sujet point de (...)
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  25.  12
    (1 other version)Exile, Statelessness, and Migration: Playing Chess with History from Hannah Arendt to Isaiah Berlin.Chris Irwin - 2020 - The European Legacy 26 (3-4):436-438.
    Seyla Benhabib’s Exile, Statelessness, and Migration: Playing Chess with History from Hannah Arendt to Isaiah Berlin is a complex and remarkable book that defies easy categorization. While the titl...
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  26.  67
    Institutions as dispositions: Searle, Smith and the metaphysics of blind chess.Michaël Bauwens - 2018 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 48 (3):254-272.
    This paper addresses the question what the fundamental nature and mode of being of institutional reality is. Besides the recent debate with Tony Lawson, Barry Smith is also one of the relatively few authors to have explicitly challenged John Searle's social ontology on this metaphysical question, with Smith's realism requirement for institutions conflicting with Searle's requirement of a one-world naturalism. This paper proposes that an account of institutions as powers or dispositions is not only congenial to Searle's general account, but (...)
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  27. Language and chess: De saussure's analogy.Maurice Mandelbaum - 1968 - Philosophical Review 77 (3):356-357.
  28.  31
    Exile, Statelessness, and Migration: Playing Chess with History From Hannah Arendt to Isaiah Berlin.Seyla Benhabib - 2018 - Princeton University Press.
    An examination of the intertwined lives and writings of a group of prominent twentieth-century Jewish thinkers who experienced exile and migration Exile, Statelessness, and Migration explores the intertwined lives, careers, and writings of a group of prominent Jewish intellectuals during the mid-twentieth century—in particular, Theodor Adorno, Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, Isaiah Berlin, Albert Hirschman, and Judith Shklar, as well as Hans Kelsen, Emmanuel Levinas, Gershom Scholem, and Leo Strauss. Informed by their Jewish identity and experiences of being outsiders, these thinkers (...)
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  29.  51
    Visualization, pattern recognition, and forward search: effects of playing speed and sight of the position on grandmaster chess errors.Christopher F. Chabris & Eliot S. Hearst - 2003 - Cognitive Science 27 (4):637-648.
    A new approach examined two aspects of chess skill, long a popular topic in cognitive science. A powerful computer‐chess program calculated the number and magnitude of blunders made by the same 23 grandmasters in hundreds of serious games of slow (“classical”) chess, regular “rapid” chess, and rapid “blindfold” chess, in which opponents transmit moves without ever seeing the actual position. Rapid chess led to substantially more and larger blunders than classical chess. Perhaps more (...)
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  30. Understanding beyond grasping propositions: A discussion of chess and fish.Daniel A. Wilkenfeld & Jennifer K. Hellmann - 2014 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 48 (C):46-51.
    In this paper, we argue that, contra Strevens (2013), understanding in the sciences is sometimes partially constituted by the possession of abilities; hence, it is not (in such cases) exhausted by the understander’s bearing a particular psychological or epistemic relationship to some set of structured propositions. Specifically, the case will be made that one does not really understand why a modeled phenomenon occurred unless one has the ability to actually work through (meaning run and grasp at each step) a model (...)
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  31. The Mechanical Chess–Player.J. B. S. Haldane - 1952 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 3 (10):189-191.
  32.  16
    Measuring the performance potential of chess programs.Hans J. Berliner, Gordon Goetsch, Murray S. Campbell & Carl Ebeling - 1990 - Artificial Intelligence 43 (1):7-20.
  33. Frege, Thomae, and Formalism: Shifting Perspectives.Richard Lawrence - 2023 - Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy 11 (2):1-23.
    Mathematical formalism is the the view that numbers are "signs" and that arithmetic is like a game played with such signs. Frege's colleague Thomae defended formalism using an analogy with chess, and Frege's critique of this analogy has had a major influence on discussions in analytic philosophy about signs, rules, meaning, and mathematics. Here I offer a new interpretation of formalism as defended by Thomae and his predecessors, paying close attention to the mathematical details and historical context. I argue (...)
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  34.  50
    Must We Play to Win? A Reply to Morgan.Maksymilian Del Mar - 2015 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 45 (2):266-272.
    This paper offers a brief reply to William Morgan’s critique of my review of Andrei Marmor’s Social Conventions . Morgan’s principal critique is that I am wrong to think that the constitutive rules of games do not determine their aims and values. In particular, with regards to chess, Morgan argues that the rules of chess determine that the aim of playing chess is to win the game. I defend my position that one can play the game of (...)
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  35.  63
    The search for narrative.Laura Rachel Felleman Fattal - 2004 - Journal of Aesthetic Education 38 (3):107-115.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Journal of Aesthetic Education 38.3 (2004) 107-115 [Access article in PDF] The Search for Narrative Laura Felleman Fattal The most cursory cultural investigator cannot help but notice that the visual arts have become a significant source and impetus for the narrative of contemporary books, theater, and dance. In recent memory, the following theatrical and dance performances "Contact" by Susan Stroman and John Weidman, "Art" by Yasmina Reza, "Sunday (...)
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  36.  64
    Concepts without intuition lose the game: commentary on Montero and Evans (2011). [REVIEW]Fernand Gobet - 2012 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 11 (2):237-250.
    In several papers, Hubert Dreyfus has used chess as a paradigmatic example of how experts act intuitively, rarely using deliberation when selecting actions, while individuals that are only competent rely on analytic and deliberative thought. By contrast, Montero and Evans (Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 10:175–194, 2011 ) argue that intuitive aspects of chess are actually rational, in the sense that actions can be justified. In this paper, I show that both Dreyfus’s and Montero and Evans’s views are (...)
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  37. Can machines think? The controversy that led to the Turing test.Bernardo Gonçalves - 2023 - AI and Society 38 (6):2499-2509.
    Turing’s much debated test has turned 70 and is still fairly controversial. His 1950 paper is seen as a complex and multilayered text, and key questions about it remain largely unanswered. Why did Turing select learning from experience as the best approach to achieve machine intelligence? Why did he spend several years working with chess playing as a task to illustrate and test for machine intelligence only to trade it out for conversational question-answering in 1950? Why did Turing refer (...)
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  38.  77
    Rationality and game theory.Cristina Bicchieri - 2004 - In Alfred R. Mele & Piers Rawling (eds.), The Oxford handbook of rationality. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 182--205.
    Bicchieri's topic is the modeling of interaction between decision makers in situations in which the outcome of the interaction depends on what the parties jointly do. Examples include chess, firms competing for business, politicians competing for votes, jury members deciding on a verdict, animals fighting over prey, bidders competing in auctions, threats and punishments in long-term relationships. Rationality assumptions are a basic ingredient of game theory, but though rational choice might be unproblematic in normative decision theory, it becomes problematic (...)
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  39.  61
    Rorty and the New Hermeneutics.Frank G. Verges - 1987 - Philosophy 62 (241):307 - 323.
    Wittgenstein's genius, John Wisdom has suggested, was uniquely revealed in his ability to formulate such questions as ‘Could one play chess without the queen? Would it still be chess?’ The central questions raised by Richard Rorty's work may be cast in a parallel form: ‘Could one do philosophy without the notion of truth as “correspondence with the Real”? Would it still be philosophy?’ Both pairs of questions, Wittgenstein' and Rorty's, are quintessentially anti-essentialist. The scope and ingenuity of Rorty's (...)
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  40. Kinds of Things—Towards a Bestiary of the Manifest Image.Daniel C. Dennett - unknown
    Consider this chess puzzle. White to checkmate in two. It appeared recently in the Boston Globe, and what startled me about it was that I had thought it had been proven that you can’t checkmate with a lone knight (and a king, of course). This is a counterexample, a strange circumstance that can arise in a legal game of chess. This fact is a higher-order truth of chess, namely that the “proof” that you can never checkmate with (...)
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  41. Music, language, and cognition: and other essays in the aesthetics of music.Peter Kivy - 2007 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    I. History. Mainwaring's Handel : its relation to British aesthetics -- Herbert Spencer and a musical dispute -- II. Opera and film. Handel's operas : the form of feeling and the problem of appreciation -- Anti-semitism in Meistersinger? -- Speech, song, and the transparency of medium : on operatic metaphysics -- III. Performance. On the historically informed performance -- Ars perfecta : toward perfection in musical performance? -- IV. Interpretation. Another go at the meaning of music : Koopman, Davies, and (...)
  42.  43
    Allen Newell's Program of Research: The Video‐Game Test.Fernand Gobet - 2017 - Topics in Cognitive Science 9 (2):522-532.
    Newell argued that progress in psychology was slow because research focused on experiments trying to answer binary questions, such as serial versus parallel processing. In addition, not enough attention was paid to the strategies used by participants, and there was a lack of theories implemented as computer models offering sufficient precision for being tested rigorously. He proposed a three-headed research program: to develop computational models able to carry out the task they aimed to explain; to study one complex task in (...)
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  43.  18
    Does Rubella Cause Autism: A 2015 Reappraisal?Jill Hutton - 2016 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10:158722.
    In the 1970s, Stella Chess found a high prevalence of autism in children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), 200 times that of the general population at the time. Many researchers quote this fact to add proof to the current theory that maternal infection with immune system activation in pregnancy leads to autism in the offspring. This rubella and autism association is presented with the notion that rubella has been eliminated in today’s world. CRS cases are no longer typically seen, (...)
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  44. Constitutive Rules: Games, Language, and Assertion.Indrek Reiland - 2018 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 100 (1):136-159.
    Many philosophers think that games like chess, languages like English, and speech acts like assertion are constituted by rules. Lots of others disagree. To argue over this productively, it would be first useful to know what it would be for these things to be rule-constituted. Searle famously claimed in Speech Acts that rules constitute things in the sense that they make possible the performance of actions related to those things (Searle 1969). On this view, rules constitute games, languages, and (...)
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  45. Shmagency revisited.David Enoch - 2010 - In Michael S. Brady (ed.), New Waves in Metaethics. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    1. The Shmagency Challenge to Constitutivism In metaethics – and indeed, meta-normativity – constitutivism is a family of views that hope to ground normativity in norms, or standards, or motives, or aims that are constitutive of action and agency. And mostly because of the influential work of Christine Korsgaard and David Velleman, constitutivism seems to be gaining grounds in the current literature. The promises of constitutivism are significant. Perhaps chief among them are the hope to provide with some kind of (...)
     
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  46. The real epistemic significance of perceptual learning.Berit Brogaard & Dimitria Gatzia - 2018 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 61 (5-6):543-558.
    In "The Epistemic Significance of Perceptual Learning," Elijah Chudnoff (this issue) argues that cases from perceptual learning show that perception not only generates reasons for beliefs but also preserves those reasons over time in perceptual learning cases. In this paper, we dispute the idea that perceptual learning enables the preservation of perceptual reasons. We then argue for an alternative view, viz. the view that perceptual learning is epistemically significant insofar as it modifies our perceptual system in such a way as (...)
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  47. Plural agents.Bennett W. Helm - 2008 - Noûs 42 (1):17–49.
    Genuine agents are able to engage in activity because they find it worth pursuing—because they care about it. In this respect, they differ from what might be called “mere intentional systems”: systems like chess-playing computers that exhibit merely goal-directed behavior mediated by instrumental rationality, without caring. A parallel distinction can be made in the domain of social activity: plural agents must be distinguished from plural intentional systems in that plural agents have cares and engage in activity because of those (...)
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  48. Moral worth and skillful action.David Horst - 2024 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 108 (3):657-675.
    Someone acts in a morally worthy way when they deserve credit for doing the morally right thing. But when and why do agents deserve credit for the success involved in doing the right thing? It is tempting to seek an answer to that question by drawing an analogy with creditworthy success in other domains of human agency, especially in sports, arts, and crafts. Accordingly, some authors have recently argued that, just like creditworthy success in, say, chess, playing the piano, (...)
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  49. Effortless Attention: A New Perspective in the Cognitive Science of Attention and Action.Brian Bruya (ed.) - 2010 - MIT Press.
    This is the first book to explore the cognitive science of effortless attention and action. Attention and action are generally understood to require effort, and the expectation is that under normal circumstances effort increases to meet rising demand. Sometimes, however, attention and action seem to flow effortlessly despite high demand. Effortless attention and action have been documented across a range of normal activities--from rock climbing to chess playing--and yet fundamental questions about the cognitive science of effortlessness have gone largely (...)
  50.  53
    The Linguistically Informed Virtue-Novice as Precocious: a Reply to Stichter’s The Skillfulness of Virtue.Mara Neijzen - 2021 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 24 (2):587-597.
    Stichter’s The Skillfulness of Virtue provides an original and contemporary discussion of virtue-acquisition from an interdisciplinary standpoint. By equating virtues to skills, he offers an empirically informed progression towards virtue expertise. With the focus on gaining proficiency, there is little room to analyse the status of the virtue-novice, who is equated to a novice in any other skill: an agent consciously following simple rules, gaining experience in order to respond to normatively-laden situations with more automaticity in the following stages of (...)
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