Results for 'Sanctions'

971 found
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  1. Sanctioning Liberal Democracies.Avia Pasternak - 2009 - Political Studies 57:54-74.
    This article examines when economic sanctions should be imposed on liberal democracies that violate democratic norms. The argument is made from the social-liberal standpoint, which recognises the moral status of political communities. While social liberals rarely refer to the use of economic sanctions as a pressure tool, by examining why they restrict military intervention and economic aid to cases of massive human rights violations or acute humanitarian need, the article is able to show why they are likely to (...)
     
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  2. Sanction and obligation in Hart's theory of law.Danny Priel - 2008 - Ratio Juris 21 (3):404-411.
    Abstract. The paper begins by challenging Hart's argument aimed to show that sanctions are not part of the concept of law. It shows that in the "minimal" legal system as understood by Hart, sanctions may be required for keeping the legal system efficacious. I then draw a methodological conclusion from this argument, which challenges the view of Hart (and his followers) that legal philosophy should aim at discovering some general, politically neutral, conceptual truths about law. Instead, the aim (...)
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  3.  84
    The sanctions of the criminal law.Michael Clark - 1997 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 97 (1):25–39.
    Michael Clark; II*—The Sanctions of the Criminal Law, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 97, Issue 1, 1 June 1997, Pages 25–40, https://doi.org/10.
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  4. Fairness, Sanction, and Condemnation.Pamela Hieronymi - 2021 - In David Shoemaker (ed.), Oxford Studies in Agency and Responsibility. Oxford University Press. pp. 229-258.
    I here press an often overlooked question: Why does the fairness of a sanction require an adequate opportunity to avoid it? By pressing this question, I believe I have come to better understand something that has long puzzled me, namely, what philosophers (and others) might have in mind when they talk about “true moral responsibility,” or the “condemnatory force” of moral blame, or perhaps even “basic desert.” In presenting this understanding of “condemnation” or of “basic desert,” I am presenting an (...)
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  5.  40
    Medical Sanctions Against Russia: Arresting Aggression or Abrogating Healthcare Rights?Michael L. Gross - forthcoming - American Journal of Bioethics:1-14.
    Since 2022, the EU, US, and other nations have imposed medical sanctions on Russia to block the export of pharmaceuticals and medical devices and curtail clinical trials to degrade Russia’s military capabilities. While international law proscribes sanctions that cause a humanitarian crisis, an outcome averted in Russia, the military effects of medical sanctions have been lean. Strengthening medical sanctions risks violating noncombatant and combatant rights to healthcare. Each group’s claim is different. Noncombatants and severely injured soldiers (...)
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  6. Economic Sanctions, Morality and Escalation of Demands on Yugoslavia.Jovan Babić & Aleksandar Jokic - 2002 - International Peackeeping (No. 4):119-127.
    Economic sanctions are envisaged as a sort of punishment, based on what should be an institutional decision not unlike a court ruling. Hence, the conditions for their lifting should be clearly stated and once those are met sanctions should be lifted. But this is generally not what happens, and perhaps is precluded by the very nature of international sanctioning. Sanctions clearly have political, economic, military and strategic consequences, but the question raised here is whether sanctions can (...)
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  7.  40
    Social Norms, Expectations and Sanctions.Francesco Guala - 2019 - Analyse & Kritik 41 (2):375-382.
    Hindriks’ paper raises two issues: one is formal and concerns the notion of ‘cost’ in rational choice accounts of norms; the other is substantial and concerns the role of expectations in the modification of payoffs. In this commentary I express some doubts and worries especially about the latter: What’s so special with shared expectations? Why do they induce compliance with norms, if transgression is not associated with sanctions?
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  8. Sanctioning.Lucas Miotto - 2018 - Jurisprudence 9 (2):236-250.
    Up until recently, most legal philosophers have argued that an action is a token of sanctioning if, and only if, (i) its performance brings about unwelcome consequences to the targets, and (ii) it is performed as a response to the breach of a duty. In this paper I take issue with this account. I first add some qualifications to it in order to present it in its most plausible form. After doing this, I advance a series of hypothetical cases which (...)
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  9.  48
    Rules, Sanctions and Rewards in Secondary Schools.F. Merrett, J. Wilkins, S. Houghton & K. Wheldall - 1988 - Educational Studies 14 (2):139-149.
    All 24 secondary schools in a West Midlands local education authority were visited and a structured interview was conducted with the head or another senior teacher. An interview schedule was used to record details concerning the rule structure which had been established to control the conduct of the pupils. Information was also gathered about the sanctions and rewards used to maintain this behaviour and from most schools copies of the rules were available. It was found that almost all schools (...)
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  10.  25
    Economic Sanctions on Iraq: Tool for Peace, or Travesty?Sheila Zurbrigg - 2007 - Muslim World Journal of Human Rights 4 (2).
    Despite triggering one of the largest civilian death tolls in modern history, the policy and human consequences of economic sanctions on Iraq between 1990-2003 remain largely unexamined. This lack of scrutiny mirrors the euphemism and mis-information surrounding the embargo itself and the Oil-for-Food program ostensibly adopted to protect Iraq's civilian population. But it also reflects incomprehension among Western publics - long removed from the realities of hunger and economic destitution - of the intimate link between economic conditions and mortality. (...)
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  11.  27
    Moral Sanctions: Two Traditions of Understanding.Andrey V. Prokofyev - 2022 - RUDN Journal of Philosophy 26 (2):454-469.
    The paper is aimed at providing general outlines of the more than two-century history of the theory of moral sanctions. It rests on a thesis about unity of all disciplines studying morality. The aim of the paper has been achieved trough an analysis of how some basic concepts were borrowed and basic ideas were transformed. The first tradition links moral sanctions with public condemnation. Some of its adherents simply identified public condemnation with moral sanction. This opinion prevailed until (...)
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  12. Sanctioning Models: The Epistemology of Simulation.Eric Winsberg - 1999 - Science in Context 12 (2):275-292.
    The ArgumentIn its reconstruction of scientific practice, philosophy of science has traditionally placed scientific theories in a central role, and has reduced the problem of mediating between theories and the world to formal considerations. Many applications of scientific theories, however, involve complex mathematical models whose constitutive equations are analytically unsolvable. The study of these applications often consists in developing representations of the underlying physics on a computer, and using the techniques of computer simulation in order to learn about the behavior (...)
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  13.  51
    Sanctioned Violence in Early China.Derk Bodde & Mark Edward Lewis - 1992 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 112 (4):679.
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  14.  45
    Regulatory Sanctions on Independent Directors and Their Consequences to the Director Labor Market: Evidence from China.Michael Firth, Sonia Wong, Qingquan Xin & Ho Yin Yick - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 134 (4):693-708.
    We investigate the regulatory sanctions imposed on independent directors for their firms’ financial frauds in China. These regulatory sanctions are prima-facie evidence of significant lapses in business ethics. During the period 2003–2010, 302-person-time independent directors were penalized by the regulator, and the two stock exchanges. We find that the independent directors with accounting experiences are more likely to be penalized by the CSRC, though they do not suffer more severe penalties than do the other sanctioned independent directors. We (...)
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  15. Censure, sanction and the moral psychology of resentment and punitiveness.Jonathan Jacobs - 2019 - In Antje du Bois-Pedain & Anthony E. Bottoms (eds.), Penal censure: engagements within and beyond desert theory. New York: Hart Publishing.
  16.  8
    Mill's Theory of Sanctions.Dale E. Miller - 2006 - In Henry West (ed.), The Blackwell Guide to Mill's Utilitarianism. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 159–173.
    This chapter contains section titled: Definitions The External Sanctions The Internal Sanction Conclusion.
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  17. Philosophic sanction of ambition.George Santayana - 1915 - Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 12 (5):113-116.
  18.  91
    Sanction and Obligation.Russell Hardin - 1985 - The Monist 68 (3):403-418.
    H. L. A. Hart’s criticism of Austin’s theory of law is that it is essentially false to the facts. Austin asserts that “Every positive law simply and strictly so called, is set by a sovereign person, or sovereign body of persons, to a … person or persons in a state of subjection to its author.” Laws get their force from the threat of sanction. This view, which we may call “the gunman theory of law,” is what Hart criticizes. Too many (...)
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  19. Iran Sanctions Enter New Phase, US Official Says.U. S. Embassy - 2012 - In Zdravko Radman (ed.), The Hand. MIT Press.
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  20.  36
    On sanctioning excuses.P. H. Nowell-Smith - 1970 - Journal of Philosophy 67 (18):609-619.
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  21.  28
    Sanctions and obligation in naturalistic ethics.Herbert J. Phillips - 1946 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 7 (4):612-621.
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  22.  24
    Sanction disciplinaire d’une personne morale exerçant la pharmacie.Valérie Siranyan, Olivier Rollux & François Locher - 2011 - Médecine et Droit 2011 (107):124-129.
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  23.  46
    Sanctioning International Peace.C. F. Taeusch - 1922 - International Journal of Ethics 33 (1):55-65.
  24. The Ethics of International Sanctions: The Case of Yugoslavia.Jovan Babić & Aleksandar Jokic - 2000 - Fletcher Forum of World Affairs (no. 2):107-119.
    Sanctions such as those applied by the United Nations against Yugoslavia, or rather the actions of implementing and maintaining them, at the very least implicitly purport to have moral justification. While the rhetoric used to justify sanctions is clearly moralistic, even sanctions themselves, as worded, often include phrases indicating moral implication. On May 30, 1992, United Nation Security Council Resolution 757 imposed a universal, binding blockage on all trade and all scientific, cultural and sports exchanges with Serbia (...)
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  25. Economic Sanctions and Political Repression: Assessing the Impact of Coercive Diplomacy on Political Freedoms. [REVIEW]Dursun Peksen & A. Cooper Drury - 2009 - Human Rights Review 10 (3):393-411.
    This article offers a thorough analysis of the unintended impact economic sanctions have on political repression—referred to in this study as the level of the government respect for democratic freedoms and human rights. We argue that economic coercion is a counterproductive policy tool that reduces the level of political freedoms in sanctioned countries. Instead of coercing the sanctioned regime into reforming itself, sanctions inadvertently enhance the regime’s coercive capacity and create incentives for the regime’s leadership to commit political (...)
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  26. Of sanction.Garrett Baxter - 1923 - Norfolk, Va.: Economic Press.
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  27.  18
    Legal Sanctions Imposed on Parents in Old Babylonian Legal Sources.Joseph Fleishman - 2001 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 121 (1):93-97.
  28.  41
    International Sanctions--A Decade of Experimentation.Norman L. Hill - 1930 - International Journal of Ethics 41 (1):50-57.
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  29. La Sanction morale dans la Philosophie de saint Thomas.A. D. Sertillanges - 1912 - Revue des Sciences Philosophiques Et Théologiques 6:213-235.
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  30.  29
    Economic Statecraft - Human Rights, Sanctions and Conditionality.Cecile Fabre - 2018 - Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press.
    At least since Athenian trade sanctions helped to spark the Peloponnesian War, economic coercion has been a prominent tool of foreign policy. In the modern era, sovereign states and multilateral institutions have imposed economic sanctions on dictatorial regimes or would-be nuclear powers as an alternative to waging war. They have conditioned offers of aid, loans, and debt relief on recipients’ willingness to implement market and governance reforms. Such methods interfere in freedom of trade and the internal affairs of (...)
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  31.  30
    Sanctioning of Illegal and Dangerous Ruck Cleanouts During the 2018 Super Rugby Competition.Wilbur Kraak, Jenna Bam, Stephanie Kruger, Stephanie Henderson, Ugan Josias & Keith Stokes - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  32. (1 other version)La sanction morale.F. Paulhan - 1894 - Philosophical Review 3:625.
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  33.  20
    Sanctions for ethics violations: Does licensure or socioeconomic status matter?Karlotta A. Richards & Charles D. Noblin - 1999 - Ethics and Behavior 9 (2):119 – 126.
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  34. Internal Sanctions in Mill's Moral Psychology: Dale E. Miller.Dale E. Miller - 1998 - Utilitas 10 (1):68-82.
    Mill's discussion of ‘the internal sanction’ in chapter III of Utilitarianism does not do justice to his understanding of internal sanctions; it omits some important points and obscures others. I offer an account of this portion of his moral psychology of motivation which brings out its subtleties and complexities. I show that he recognizes the importance of internal sanctions as sources of motives to develop and perfect our characters, as well as of motives to do our duty, and (...)
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  35. Sanctions: An Essential Element of Law?Nicoletta Bersier Ladavac, Christoph Bezemek & Frederick Schauer (eds.) - forthcoming - Springer.
  36. Sanctions in a democratic society.Carl F. Taeusch - 1937 - Journal of Social Philosophy and Jurisprudence 2 (3):195.
     
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  37. Unilateral Economic Sanctions, International Law, and Human Rights.Idriss Jazairy - 2019 - Ethics and International Affairs 33 (3):291-302.
    As part of the roundtable “Economic Sanctions and Their Consequences,” this essay examines unilateral coercive measures. These types of sanctions are applied outside the scope of Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, and were developed and refined in the West in the context of the Cold War. Yet the eventual collapse of the Berlin Wall did not herald the demise of unilateral sanctions; much to the contrary. While there are no incontrovertible data on the extent of (...)
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  38. Sanctioning behind bars : the humanization of retribution in prison.Fabrice Fernandez - 2015 - In Didier Fassin (ed.), At the heart of the state: the moral world of institutions. London: Pluto Press.
     
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  39.  24
    Natural sanction and philosophical theology.John Hill - 1978 - Sophia 17 (2):27-34.
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  40.  33
    Reasonable sanctions for reasonable doctrines.David Meeler - 2000 - Journal of Social Philosophy 31 (2):153–159.
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  41.  76
    John Stuart Mill’s Sanction Utilitarianism: A Philosophical And Historical Interpretation.David E. Wright - 2014 - Dissertation, Texas a&M
    This dissertation argues for a particular interpretation of John Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism, namely that Mill is best read as a sanction utilitarian. In general, scholars commonly interpret Mill as some type of act or rule utilitarian. In making their case for these interpretations, it is also common for scholars to use large portions of Mill’s Utilitarianism as the chief source of insight into his moral theory. By contrast, I argue that Utilitarianism is best read as an ecumenical text where Mill (...)
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  42.  37
    Accountability and Sanctions in English Schools.Anne West, Paola Mattei & Jonathan Roberts - 2011 - British Journal of Educational Studies 59 (1):41-62.
    This paper focuses on accountability in school-based education in England. It explores notions of accountability and proposes a new framework for its analysis. It then identifies a number of types of accountability which are present in school-based education, and discusses each in terms of who is accountable to whom and for what. It goes on to examine the sanctions associated with each type of accountability and some possible effects of each type. School performance cross-cuts virtually all facets of accountability, (...)
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  43.  40
    The Liberal Polity, Criminal Sanction, and Civil Society.Jonathan Jacobs - 2013 - Criminal Justice Ethics 32 (3):1-16.
    The article explores an intersection of moral psychology and political principles regarding criminal sanction. A liberal state cannot require that persons acquire certain states of character or lead certain specific kinds of lives; it cannot require virtue. Moreover, it would be wrong for the state to punish offenders in ways that damage their capacities for agency, and in ways that encourage vice. In the U.S. the terms and conditions of punishment often have deleterious effects on agential capacities, undermining the ability (...)
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  44.  7
    Economic Sanctions and Just War Theory.Constanza Guajardo, Fernando Arancibia & Alejandra Marinovic - 2024 - International Journal of Applied Philosophy 38 (1):141-154.
    In this paper we distinguish, from other sanctions, specific targeted sanctions—namely those imposed on particular individuals and sanctions on goods that facilitate the violation of human rights. We ask if these sanctions satisfy the three of the principles of Just War Theory (JWT): chance of success, proportionality and discrimination. We argue that while there is not enough empirical evidence to make a claim about specific targeted sanctions and chance of success, these sanctions do meet (...)
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  45. Ethics of Economic Sanctions.Elizabeth Anne Ellis - 2013 - Res Publica.
    The Ethics of Economic Sanctions Economic sanctions involve the politically motivated withdrawal of customary trade or financial relations from a state, organisation or individual. They may be imposed by the United Nations, regional governmental organisations such as the European Union, or by states acting alone. Although economic sanctions have long been a feature of international … Continue reading Ethics of Economic Sanctions →.
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  46. The Sanction for Morality in Nature and Evolution.J. T. Bixby - 1896 - Philosophical Review 5:85.
     
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  47.  27
    Wrongs and Sanctions in the Pure Theory of Law.Luís Duarte D’Almeida - 2022 - Ratio Juris 35 (3):247-257.
    This short paper addresses a well‐known difficulty in the Pure Theory of Law: the definition of a legal wrong. Kelsen was unable to offer a suitable one, critics say. I agree. But the critics misdiagnosed the problem, and prescribed for it a fruitless solution. The reason for Kelsen’s failure, the critics say, was that he thought the law consists only of sanction‐stipulating norms addressed to officials, and does not comprise duty‐imposing norms addressed to citizens. But the critics are wrong, exegetically (...)
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  48.  36
    Group sanctions without social norms?B. Thierry - 2000 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 7 (1-2):1-2.
    High propensities to form coalitions and to negotiate and prevent conflict escalation may be found in monkeys as in great apes. However, there is no evidence that non-human primate communities intend to suppress individual power that grows too strong. Qualifying as protomoral those abilities needed to keep low the dominance gradient is not useful. When communication about social norms appeared in some hominids, it would not have been limited to sanctions against domination.
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  49.  59
    Rules, Sanctions and Rewards in Primary Schools.Frank Merrett & Linda Jones - 1994 - Educational Studies 20 (3):345-356.
    Summary Twenty?four primary schools were randomly selected from all those listed in a local education authority in the West Midlands of England. Heads or deputy headteachers of 21 of these schools were interviewed using a structured interview schedule very similar to the one used for a recent survey of secondary schools. Data were obtained about the general rule structures of the schools and the system of sanctions and rewards used to maintain them. The findings were then compared with those (...)
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  50. The morality of sanctions.James Pattison - 2015 - Social Philosophy and Policy 32 (1):192-215.
    Abstract:Economic sanctions have been subject to extensive criticism. They are often seen as indiscriminate, intending the harms that they inflict, and using the suffering of the innocent as a means to enact policy change. Indeed, some reject outright the permissibility of economic sanctions. By contrast, in this essay, I defend the case for economic sanctions. I argue that sanctions are not necessarily morally problematic and, in doing so, argue that sanctions are less morally problematic than (...)
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