Cette étude se propose de montrer que les considérations de Nietzsche sur le langage sont déterminantes pour son projet philosophique. S'il est vrai qu'elles n'arrivent pas à constituer une théorie du langage, elles jouent tout de même un rôle central dans le cadre de sa pensée. D'une part, dans le versant critique de son œuvre, quand il s'agit de s'attaquer à la métaphysique, Nietzsche reprend deux propositions consignées dans ses écrits philologiques; il soutient la thèse selon laquelle le langage est (...) indispensable au processus d'élaboration des connaissances philosophiques et défend l'idée que la pensée ne devient consciente que grâce au langage. D'autre part, dans le versant constructif de son œuvre, quand il s'agit d'exprimer ses propres conceptions, il met en pleine lumière son besoin de trouver une forme d'expression qui ne se limite pas à représenter le monde. Dans son œuvre à double volet, Nietzsche ne se présente pas comme un penseur qui se débat emprisonné dans les rets du langage; bien au contraire, il fait le langage se retourner contre lui-même — afin de créer un nouveau langage. This study intends to show that Nietzsche's considerations about language are fundamental to his philosophical project. While it is true that they do not form a theory of language, they nevertheless play a central role within the framework of his thought. On the one hand, within the critical dimension of his work, when he tackles metaphysics, Nietzsche resumes two propositions from his philological papers : he supports the thesis according to which language is indispensable to the process of elaborating philosophic knowledge and defends the idea that language is what allows thought to become conscious. On the other hand, within the constructive dimension of his work, when he expresses his own conceptions, he highlights the need to find a form of expression which is not limited to representing the world. Within the framework of his bidimensional thought, Nietzsche does not appear to be a thinker struggling and imprisoned in the snares of the language; on the contrary, he turns language against itself — in order to create a new language. (shrink)

Scarlett Marton desenvolveu um trabalho apresenta ao leitor uma trajetória pontuada por um dos traços nietzschianos - o questionamento permanente. Dessa maneira, a autora pretende recuperar interpretações que tomaram o debate filosófico em diferentes momentos, colocando-as lado a lado.

Esta obra trata da recepção do pensamento de Nietzsche na Itália, marcada por vários pontos de inflexão. Ligada, de início, ao nome de Gabriele D'Annunzio, a fortuna de sua obra toma outra direção com Benedetto Croce, para ser uma vez mais redirecionada com Giovanni Gentile. Os socialistas, porém, para ela abrem um novo caminho, que os fascistas se empenham rapidamente em desviar. Na cena acadêmica, a partir do final dos anos 1920, trabalhos vêm operar uma reviravolta na abordagem do pensamento (...) nietzschiano, abordagem essa que, na década de 1960, será outra vez revista com a interpretação heideggeriana. Ponto de inflexão maior, porém, constitui a edição crítica das obras completas do filósofo e a fundação dos Nietzsche-Studien. (shrink)

RESUMO Em “Ecce Homo”, Nietzsche apresenta-se ao mesmo tempo como terapeuta e enfermo. Se nos seus escritos ele concebe o filósofo como médico da cultura, nesse livro é também como paciente que comparece. Compreender as razões que o levaram a proceder dessa maneira em “Ecce Homo”, é o problema que presidirá este trabalho. Tomando como ponto de partida a análise dos primeiros capítulos do livro, contamos de início esclarecer a dupla condição de seu autor: a de terapeuta e enfermo, explorando (...) em particular sua ideia de se tomar em mãos. Examinando o último capítulo à luz dessas análises, estaremos então em condições de nos perguntar sobre o que permite a Nietzsche passar da condição de médico de si mesmo à de médico da cultura. Esperamos elucidar desse modo a relação intrínseca que ele afirma existir entre suas concepções de filosofia e vida. ABSTRACT In “Ecce Homo”, Nietzsche presents himself, at the same time, both as a doctor and a sufferer. If in his writings he conceives the philosopher as the physician of the culture, in this book he also appears as a patient. The present paper aims at questioning about the reasons which led Nietzsche to adopt this way of doing in “Ecce Homo”. Taking the analysis of the first chapters of this book as a start point, we intend to clarify, first of all, its authors’ dual condition as both a doctor and a sufferer, particularly exploring his idea of taking himself in hand. Then examining the last chapter of the book in the light of these analyses, we attempt to find out what allows Nietzsche to make the transition from his condition of being his own doctor to the condition of physician of the culture. Thereby, we aim at elucidating the fundamental relationship between Nietzsche’s conceptions of philosophy and of life. (shrink)

Refazendo a crítica de Nietzsche à Revolução Francesa, trata-se de mostrar que o filósofo não se pretende teórico do poder, no sentido estrito da palavra, e tampouco se quer analista político. Intimamente ligadas em seu pensamento, moral, política e religião integram um campo de investigação mais amplo; são objeto da crítica dos valores. A análise do ideário mesmo da Revolução Francesa, com a palavra de ordem " liberdade, igualdade, fraternidade" , ilustra a maneira pela qual o acontecimento histórico se acha (...) relacionado com a religião cristã e a moral dos ressentidos. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo, consiste en investigar el estrecho vínculo entre reflexión filosófica y vivencia en la obra nietzscheana de la madurez. A partir del examen de la crítica a la noción del sujeto, tal como aparece en la modernidad, se muestra que Nietzsche subvierte radicalmente la concepción de autobiografía intelectual y, por tanto, la idea de autoría.

Se trata de discutir las críticas que este pensador francamente antidemocrático hace a la democracia, cuestionando y evaluando los argumentos que emplea para ello. Primero se pretende aclarar sus reflexiones sobre la modernidad y la decadencia, para comprender las razones que lo llevan a asociar el movimiento democrático con las llamadas “ideas modernas”. Después, centrando el análisis en la idea de igualdad, se examinan las consecuencias de su posición a favor del aristocratismo.

A partir das leituras que Nietzsche e Hegel fazem de Heráclito, trata-se de analisar de que maneira concebem o vir-a-ser. Ao examinar os pontos convergentes e divergentes de suas intepretações, reúnem-se elementos para repensar a relação entre eles. Passando em revista a literatura mais recente, torna-se então posível apreciar a tese da afinidade e a da oposição entre o pensamento hegelano e a filosofia nietzschiana e avaliar, em particular, a pertinência dos comentários de Kaufmann e Deleuze.

The Nietzsche Studies Group in Brazil is an international research group that gathers Brazilian scholars of Nietzschean philosophy and, more recently, also French and Italian researchers. Founded by Scarlett Marton in 1996, GEN was originally linked to the Philosophy Department of University of São Paulo. Having spread throughout the country, GEN continues to advance Nietzsche studies and, toward this goal, welcomes different interpretations of Nietzsche’s thought. As a pioneering initiative in South America, the Nietzsche Studies Group in Brazil (...) intends to promulgate research on Nietzsche’s thought in our own country while nonetheless remaining well connected with the different international Nietzsche... (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Nietzsche-Studien Jahrgang: 45 Heft: 1 Seiten: 33-55.

Resumo No Ecce Homo, Nietzsche afirma que a concepção básica de Assim falava Zaratustra consiste no "pensamento do eterno retorno, essa fórmula suprema de afirmação a que se pode chegar". Tomando como ponto de partida a análise das diferentes partes desse livro, contamos antes de mais nada definir o lugar que o pensamento do eterno retorno nele ocupa. Estabelecendo a relação desse pensamento com a noção de além-do-homem, o conceito de vontade de potência, o projeto de transvaloração de todos os (...) valores e a ideia de amor fati, pretendemos examinar a maneira pela qual Nietzsche o concebe em Assim falava Zaratustra. Queremos, por fim, avaliar em que medida o pensamento do eterno retorno do mesmo consiste na mais alta aceitação do mundo tal como ele é.: In Ecce homo, Nietzsche states that the basic conception of Thus spoke Zarathustra consists on "the idea of eternal recurrence, the highest formula of affirmation that can possibly be attained". Taking as point of departure the analysis of the different parts of this book, first of all we intend to define the place of the thought of eternal recurrence. Establishing the relation of this thought with the notion of overman, the concept of will to power, the project of transvaluation of the values, and the idea of amor fati, we plan to examine the way Nietzsche conceives it in Thus spoke Zarathustra. Then we aim at evaluating to which extent the thought of eternal recurrence consists on the highest acceptation of the world as it is. (shrink)

We intend, at first, to show that, when reflecting on education, Nietzsche is associated with a tradition of thought that goes back to the neo-humanism of the late 18th century. We will then examine his analysis of German educational establishments, particularly the gymnasium and university. Finally, we want to question to what extent his diagnosis of the pedagogical institutions of his time would not be similar to what we could make of ours.

Resumo Tendo esclarecido a concepção nietzschiana de psicologia, este artigo persegue um duplo objetivo: de um lado, investigar a análise psicológica dos fenômenos da décadence e, de outro, elucidar o que significa a expressão “fórmula da décadence” nos textos de 1888.Having clarified the Nietzschean conception of psychology, this article pursues a double objective: on the one hand, to investigate the psychological analysis of the phenomena of décadence and, on the other, to elucidate what the expression “formula of décadence” means in (...) the texts of 1888. (shrink)

Trata-se de apresentar ao público brasileiro o trabalho de Jörg Salaquarda, tomando como ilustração seu artigo "Zaratustra e o asno”. Através do exame desse texto, conta-se aquilatar o alcance de sua interpretação da filosofia nietzschiana.

Os nomes dos que chegaram a apreciar Nietzsche formam uma galeria heterogênea; Mahler, Thomas Mann, Hitler, Adorno, Foucault, Mussolini. A América do Sul, onde Nietzsche é descoberto cada vez mais, tem a chance de tirar proveito à luz de um contexto cultural bem diferente e abrir perspectivas nunca percebidas.

Resenhas dos seguintes livros: Scarlett Marton. Nietzsche e as mulheres: Figuras, imagens e tipos femininos. Autêntica, 2022; Marie-Frédérique Pellegrin. Pensées du corps et différences des sexes à l’époque moderne. ENS Éditions, 2020; e Ana Gabriela Colantoni; Georgia Cristina Amitrano; Carla Milani Damião (orgs.). Ensaios de filósofas brasileiras. Ape’Ku Editora, 2022.

The volume offers various considerations of Nietzsche s attempt to connect language to the instinctive activity of the human body. In focusing on how Nietzsche tries to dissolve the traditional opposition between instinct and language, as well as between instinct and consciousness and instinct and reason, the different papers address a great variety of topics, e.g. morality, value, the concept of philosophy, dogmatism, naturalization, metaphor, affectivity and emotion, health and sickness, tragedy, and laughter. Among the authors: Scarlett Marton, (...) Werner Stegmaier, Patrick Wotling, and many others.". (shrink)

This study re-examined the impact of personal and organizational values congruency on positive work outcomes and investigated the extent to which this relationship is affected by demographic variables. Data collection paralleled an earlier study (Posner and Schmidt, Journal of Business Ethics 12,1993, 341) and validated those findings, lending additional credibility to the continuing importance of this phenomenon. Both personal values congruence and organizational values clarity were significantly related to commitment, satisfaction, motivation, anxiety, work stress, and ethics using a cross-sectional sample (...) of 711 managen from across the United States. Gender, educational level, and functional area did not impact these relationships, although years of experience (expressed by age, managerial experience, and hierarchical level) did make a difference. (shrink)

BackgroundIn Saudi clinical settings, benevolent family care that reflects strongly held sociocultural values is commonly used to justify overriding respect for patient autonomy. Because the welfare of individuals is commonly regarded as inseparable from the welfare of their family as a whole, these values are widely believed to obligate the family to protect the welfare of its members by, for example, giving the family authority over what healthcare practitioners disclose to patients about their diagnoses and prognoses and preventing them from (...) making informed decisions about their healthcare.DiscussionFamily dominance over the healthcare decisions of competent patients is ethically problematic when the family prevent healthcare practitioners from disclosing diagnoses and prognoses to patients who have the capacity to consent and make decisions in their own best interests. Thus, the author holds that sociocultural values ought to be respected only when they do not prevent competent patients from knowing their diagnoses and prognoses or prevent them from making their own decisions.ConclusionHealthcare practitioners should not allow patients’ families to control what can or cannot be disclosed to competent patients. This is particularly important when patients are approaching death so that they may address their material and spiritual wishes—among other needs—as they prepare for death. Justification for this position is drawn from the Maqasid Al-Shariah-based Islamic bioethics approach, from which it is possible to argue that the harm of withholding diagnoses and prognoses from patients who are imminently dying outweighs the potential benefits. (shrink)

Large‐scale patterns of correlated growth in development are partially driven by competition for metabolic and informational resources. It is argued that competition between organs for limited resources is an important mesoscale morphogenetic mechanism that produces fitness‐enhancing correlated growth. At the genetic level, the growth of individual characters appears independent, or “modular,” because patterns of expression and transcription are often highly localized, mutations have trait‐specific effects, and gene complexes can be co‐opted as a unit to produce novel traits. However, body parts (...) are known to interact over the course of ontogeny, and these reciprocal exchanges can be an important determinant of developmental outcomes. Genetic mechanisms underlie cell and tissue behaviors that allow organs to communicate with one another, but they also create evolutionarily adaptive competitive dynamics that are driven by physiological and biophysical processes. Advances in the understanding of competitive and closely related coordinative interactions across scales will complement existing research programs that emphasize the role of cellular mechanisms in morphogenesis. Study of the large‐scale order produced by competitive dynamics promises to facilitate advances in basic evolutionary and developmental biology, as well as applied research in fields such as bioengineering and regenerative medicine that aim to regulate patterning outcomes. (shrink)

Cognitive advancement is not always a matter of acquiring new information. It often consists in reconfiguration--in reorganizing a domain so that hitherto overlooked or underemphasized features, patterns, opportunities, and resources come to light. Several modes of reconfiguration prominent in the arts--metaphor, fiction, exemplification, and perspective--play important roles in science as well. They do not perform the same roles as literal, descriptive, perspectiveless scientific truths. But to understand how science advances understanding, we need to appreciate the ineliminable cognitive contributions of non-literal, (...) non-descriptive symbols. (shrink)

Teaching is not testimony. Although both convey information, they have different uptake requirements. Testimony aims to impart information and typically succeeds if the recipient believes that informationon account of having been told by a reliable informant. Teaching aims to equip learners to go beyond the information given—to leverage that information to broaden, deepen, and critique their current understanding of a topic. Teaching fails if the recipients believe the information only because it is what they have been told.

Here we develop a view of language as a form of material engagement, one that foregrounds its embodied and ecological character. Achieving such a view, however, requires disabusing ourselves of certain received and deeply entrenched notions. We present a thought experiment meant to illuminate the materiality of language, as a technological activity on par with the construction and manipulation of artifacts. We explore its implications, justifying the comparison with actual languages while emphasizing revealing differences. Ultimately, we hope to expose the (...) embodied and enactive nature of language, offering a view of language as continuous with our engagement with the environment, as opposed to a picture of language as an essentially symbolic system or code. (shrink)