Results for 'Scientific values'

964 found
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  1.  23
    Scientific Values and Civic Virtues.Noretta Koertge (ed.) - 2005 - New York, US: OUP Usa.
    This anthology explores the nexus between scientific values and civic virtues, arguing that both scientific norms and scientific institutions can provide badly needed resources for improving the rationality of public deliberation in democratic society. In response to the growing cynicism about corruption and the influence of special interest groups, political scientists have placed more emphasis on the importance to civil society of traditional civic virtues such as justice, fairness, honesty, tolerance, and intellectual pluralism. But where are (...)
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  2.  65
    Scientific value and validity as ethical requirements for research: a proposed explication.Benjamin Freedman - 1987 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 9 (6):7.
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  3.  22
    Ensuring the Scientific Value and Feasibility of Clinical Trials: A Qualitative Interview Study.Walker Morrell, Luke Gelinas, Deborah Zarin & Barbara E. Bierer - 2023 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 14 (2):99-110.
    Background Ethical and scientific principles require that clinical trials address an important question and have the resources needed to complete the study. However, there are no clear standards for review that would ensure that these principles are upheld.Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of nineteen experts in clinical trial design, conduct, and/or oversight to elucidate current practice and identify areas of need with respect to ensuring the scientific value and feasibility of clinical trials prior to (...)
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  4. Scientific value.Lars Bergström - 1996 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 10 (3):189-202.
    Abstract Criteria of scientific value are of different kinds. This paper concerns ultimate criteria, i.e. the axiology of science. Most ultimate criteria are multi?dimensional. This gives rise to an aggregation problem, which cannot be adequately solved with reference to attitudes and behaviour within the scientific community. Therefore, in many cases, there is no fact of the matter as to whether one theory is better than another. This, in turn, creates problems for methodology.
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  5.  87
    Can scientific values be extended to the public sphere?Jiwei Ci - 2006 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 20 (2):219 – 231.
  6.  23
    Pluralism, Scientific Values, and the Value of Science.Alberto Cordero - 2008 - In Evandro Agazzi & Fabio Minazzi (eds.), Science and ethics: the axiological contexts of science. New York: P.I.E. Peter Lang. pp. 101--114.
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  7.  76
    Feyerabend and Scientific Values: Tightrope-walking Rationality.Robert P. Farrell - 2003 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    In this book it is argued that this picture of Feyerabend is false.
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  8.  59
    A Bouquet of Scientific Values.Noretta Koertge - 2005 - In Scientific Values and Civic Virtues. New York, US: OUP Usa. pp. 9--24.
    This chapter reviews the attempts of sociologists of science such as Parsons and Merton, and philosophers of science such as Kuhn, Lakatos, and Popper, to characterize the norms that guide the scientific community. In addition to positivist values such as logical coherence and empirical adequacy, scientists place a great deal of emphasis on heuristic power, conceptual simplicity, mathematical tractability, and explanatory depth. Popper’s view of science as a problem-solving activity marked by both cooperation and critical debate serves as (...)
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  9. Scientific values and moral education in the teaching of science.Jeffrey Burkhardt - 1999 - Perspectives on Science 7 (1):87-110.
    : Implicit instruction about values occurs throughout scientific communication, whether in the university classroom or in the larger public forum. The concern of this paper is that the kind of values education that occurs includes "reverse moral education," the idea that moral considerations are at best extra scientific if not simply irrational. The (a)moral education that many scientists unwittingly foist on their "students" undergirds the scientific establishment's typical responses to larger social issues: "Huff!" In this (...)
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  10.  46
    Scientific Values and Civic Virtues, edited by Noretta Koertge.Gregory J. Morgan - 2013 - Mind 122 (488):1120-1124.
  11.  15
    The scientific value of explanation and prediction.Hause Lin - 2023 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e399.
    Deep neural network models have revived long-standing debates on the value of explanation versus prediction for advancing science. Bowers et al.'s critique will not make these models go away, but it is likely to prompt new work that seeks to reconcile explanatory and predictive models, which could change how we determine what constitutes valuable scientific knowledge.
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  12.  51
    Ethical Challenges in Human Space Missions: A Space Refuge, Scientific Value, and Human Gene Editing for Space.Konrad Szocik, Ziba Norman & Michael J. Reiss - 2020 - Science and Engineering Ethics 26 (3):1209-1227.
    This article examines some selected ethical issues in human space missions including human missions to Mars, particularly the idea of a space refuge, the scientific value of space exploration, and the possibility of human gene editing for deep-space travel. Each of these issues may be used either to support or to criticize human space missions. We conclude that while these issues are complex and context-dependent, there appear to be no overwhelming obstacles such as cost effectiveness, threats to human life (...)
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  13. Straightening the ‘value-laden turn’: minimising the influence of extra-scientific values in science.Philippe Stamenkovic - 2024 - Synthese 203 (20):1-38.
    Straightening the current ‘value-laden turn’ (VLT) in the philosophical literature on values in science, and reviving the legacy of the value-free ideal of science (VFI), this paper argues that the influence of extra-scientific values should be minimised—not excluded—in the core phase of scientific inquiry where claims are accepted or rejected. Noting that the original arguments for the VFI (ensuring the truth of scientific knowledge, respecting the autonomy of science results users, preserving public trust in science) (...)
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  14.  32
    The Intrinsic Scientific Value of Reprogramming Life.Mark A. Bedau - 2011 - Hastings Center Report 41 (4):29-31.
  15.  27
    Why replication has more scientific value than original discovery.John P. A. Ioannidis - 2018 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41.
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  16.  25
    Part I The Nexus between Scientific Values.Civic Virtues - 2005 - In Noretta Koertge (ed.), Scientific Values and Civic Virtues. New York, US: OUP Usa. pp. 5.
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  17.  20
    Operating as Experimenting: Synthesizing Engineering and Scientific Values in Nuclear Power Production.Constance Perin - 1998 - Science, Technology and Human Values 23 (1):98-128.
    Four hundred seventy-six nuclear power plants are in operation or under construction around the world. Are concepts for designing and operating plants safely sufficient? Conventional approaches are premised on expectations of predictability and control of radiation release and on assumptions that plant operations are closed systems. Field observations in the industry find, however, that the periodic necessity to refuel, test safety equipment, and continuously upgrade plant designs introduces challenges to control not originally calculated. The social and cultural contexts of markets, (...)
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  18. Noretta Koertge, ed., Scientific Values and Civic Virtues. [REVIEW]Antonio Casado da Rocha - 2006 - Philosophy in Review 26 (6):428-430.
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  19.  39
    Pluralism, scientific knowledge, and the fallacy of overriding values.John Kekes - 1995 - Argumentation 9 (4):577-594.
    The paper examines one implication of pluralism, the view that all values are conditional and none are overriding. This implication is that since scientific knowledge is one of the conditional values, there are circumstances in which the pursuit of even the most basic scientific knowledge is legitimately curtailed. These circumstances occur when the pursuit of scientific knowledge conflicts with moral and political values which, in that context, are more important than it. The argument focuses (...)
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  20.  13
    Regulating Asbestos: Ethics, Politics, and Scientific Values.Thomas H. Murray - 1986 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 11 (3):1-13.
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  21.  10
    Zhonghua chuan tong wen hua de ke xue jia zhi tan suo: yi yin yang wu xing he tian gan di zhi wei li = Exploration of the Scientific Value in Chinese Traditional Culture.Yan Wang - 2022 - Guangzhou Shi: Ji nan da xue chu ban she.
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  22.  57
    Review of Noretta Koertge (ed.), Scientific Values and Civic Virtues[REVIEW]Steve Fuller - 2006 - Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2006 (3).
    The movement of epistemic standards closer to moral virtue reflects a worrisome trend in the recent renascence of naturalism in philosophy that links access to truth with a deepening sense of the knower's history. While it is relatively harmless to insist that mastery of a scientific specialty requires training in certain techniques, it is more problematic (pace Kuhn) to insist that all such specialists share the same disciplinary narrative -- and still more problematic to require that they pledge allegiance (...)
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  23. Is Science Value Free?: Values and Scientific Understanding.Hugh Lacey - 1999 - New York: Routledge.
    Exploring the role of values in scientific inquiry, Hugh Lacey examines the nature and meaning of values, and looks at challenges to the view, posed by postmodernists, feminists, radical ecologists, Third-World advocates and religious fundamentalists, that science is value free. He also focuses on discussions of 'development', especially in Third World countries. This paperback edition includes a new preface.
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  24. Social values and scientific evidence: The case of the HPV vaccines.Kristen Intemann & Inmaculada de Melo-Martín - 2010 - Biology and Philosophy 25 (2):203-213.
    Several have argued that the aims of scientific research are not always independent of social and ethical values. Yet this is often assumed only to have implications for decisions about what is studied, or which research projects are funded, and not for methodological decisions or standards of evidence. Using the case of the recently developed HPV vaccines, we argue that the social aims of research can also play important roles in justifying decisions about (1) how research problems are (...)
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  25.  1
    The project of this volume is to explore how scientific values might have a positive impact on the development of civic virtues within a society. Hence, our first order of business is to get a picture of what might fall under the rubric of scientific values. As is often the case, the word ''science''in this chapter sometimes refers to the questions, claims, and arguments that scientists work with and at other times designates the institution dedicated to the production of that intellectual content. We ... [REVIEW]Noretta Koertge - 2005 - In Scientific Values and Civic Virtues. New York, US: OUP Usa. pp. 9.
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  26. The Value of Scientific Errors and the Irreversibility of Science.Boris Kuznetsov - 1977 - Diogenes 25 (97):103-123.
    Non-classical science gives a very specific answer to the question of scientific errors and their epistemological value. But for all the specificity of this answer, it casts light on a problem that remains with us century after century, the historically constant problem of truth and error—one of the most fundamental problems of knowledge. At first sight, these two poles have always stood opposite each other, like good and evil, beauty and ugliness. But moral and aesthetic theories have long since (...)
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  27. How values in scientific discovery and pursuit Alter theory appraisal.Kevin C. Elliott & Daniel J. McKaughan - 2009 - Philosophy of Science 76 (5):598-611.
    Philosophers of science readily acknowledge that nonepistemic values influence the discovery and pursuit of scientific theories, but many tend to regard these influences as epistemically uninteresting. The present paper challenges this position by identifying three avenues through which nonepistemic values associated with discovery and pursuit in contemporary pollution research influence theory appraisal: (1) by guiding the choice of questions and research projects, (2) by altering experimental design, and (3) by affecting the creation and further investigation of theories (...)
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  28. Ethical and Policy Issues in Research Involving Human Participants. Bethesda, Md.: NBAC, oo2001: Recommendation 4.1. o1. Freedman B. Scientific value and validity as ethical requirements for research: A proposed explication. [REVIEW]National Bioethics Advisory Commission - 1987 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 9 (6):7-10.
     
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  29.  58
    How Non-Epistemic Values Can Be Epistemically Beneficial in Scientific Classification.Soohyun Ahn - 2022 - Dissertation, University of Calgary
    “God created, Linnaeus organized.” This remark Linnaeus liked to say captures the common idea that the proper task of scientists in classification is to discover and systematize features of the world without being committed to individual perspectives, values, and interests. However, it is rarely the case that scientists passively read nature or carve nature at its joints. My thesis investigates how scientific classification is laden with values and explores its implication. I hope to temper the influence of (...)
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  30. Recognizing Values: A Descriptive-Causal Method for Medical/Scientific Discourses.J. Z. Sadler - 1997 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 22 (6):541-565.
    While much discussion in bioethics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of medicine concerns the proper handling and uses of value considerations, there has been little discussion about how to identify or recognize values in medical/scientific discourse. This article presents a heuristic method for identifying values in such discourses. Values are defined as descriptions or conditions that guide human action and are praise- or blameworthy. Values manifest themselves in discourses in one or more of three dimensions: (...)
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  31.  33
    Social values and scientific evidence: the case of the HPV vaccines.Kristen Intemann & Inmaculada Melo-martín - 2010 - Biology and Philosophy 25 (2):203-213.
    Several have argued that the aims of scientific research are not always independent of social and ethical values. Yet this is often assumed only to have implications for decisions about what is studied, or which research projects are funded, and not for methodological decisions or standards of evidence. Using the case of the recently developed HPV vaccines, we argue that the social aims of research can also play important roles in justifying decisions about (1) how research problems are (...)
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  32. Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry.Helen E. Longino - 1990 - Princeton University Press.
  33. Social values influence the adequacy conditions of scientific theories: beyond inductive risk.Ingo Brigandt - 2015 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 45 (3):326-356.
    The ‘death of evidence’ issue in Canada raises the spectre of politicized science, and thus the question of what role social values may have in science and how this meshes with objectivity and evidence. I first criticize philosophical accounts that have to separate different steps of research to restrict the influence of social and other non-epistemic values. A prominent account that social values may play a role even in the context of theory acceptance is the argument from (...)
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  34. Norms for values in scientific belief acceptance.Heather Douglas - unknown
    Although a strict dichotomy between facts and values is no longer accepted, less attention has been paid to the roles values should play in our acceptance of factual statements, or scientific descriptive claims. This paper argues that values, whether cognitive or ethical, should never preclude or direct belief on their own. Our wanting something to be true will not make it so. Instead, values should only be used to consider whether the available evidence provides sufficient (...)
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  35.  9
    Eternal values: Significance of creativity of A.S. Pushkin in the age of scientific and technological progress.M. V. Moiseenko - 2019 - RUDN Journal of Philosophy 23 (3):356-362.
    The purpose of the article is to study the importance of Pushkin's work in the age of scientific and technological progress, to identify and analyze the moral values that accompany the work and personality of Alexander Pushkin and are particularly relevant to our time. The article discusses the moral values of honor and dignity, the ratio between good and evil, concepts of duty, justice, love and friendship, happiness, freedom, creativity, patriotism, national idea, peoples’ friendship and the problem (...)
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  36. Values in Science: The Case of Scientific Collaboration.Kristina Rolin - 2015 - Philosophy of Science 82 (2):157-177.
    Much of the literature on values in science is limited in its perspective because it focuses on the role of values in individual scientists’ decision making, thereby ignoring the context of scientific collaboration. I examine the epistemic structure of scientific collaboration and argue that it gives rise to two arguments showing that moral and social values can legitimately play a role in scientists’ decision to accept something as scientific knowledge. In the case of (...) collaboration some moral and social values are properly understood to be extrinsic epistemic values, that is, values that promote the attainment of scientific knowledge. (shrink)
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  37.  79
    Robert P. Farrell, Feyerabend and Scientific Values: Tightrope‐Walking Rationality. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers , 260 pp., $86.00. [REVIEW]Eric Oberheim - 2005 - Philosophy of Science 72 (3):514-517.
  38.  48
    Values as heuristics: a contextual empiricist account of assessing values scientifically.Christopher ChoGlueck & Elisabeth A. Lloyd - 2023 - Synthese 201 (6):1-29.
    Feminist philosophers have discussed the prospects for assessing values empirically, particularly given the ongoing threat of sexism and other oppressive values influencing science and society. Some advocates of such tests now champion a “values as evidence” approach, and they criticize Helen Longino’s contextual empiricism for not holding values to the same level of empirical scrutiny as other claims. In this paper, we defend contextual empiricism by arguing that many of these criticisms are based on mischaracterizations of (...)
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  39. The value of mathematics for scientific representation.Author unknown - manuscript
     
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  40. Science and Values: The Aims of Science and Their Role in Scientific Debate.Larry Laudan - 1984 - University of California Press.
    Laudan constructs a fresh approach to a longtime problem for the philosopher of science: how to explain the simultaneous and widespread presence of both agreement and disagreement in science. Laudan critiques the logical empiricists and the post-positivists as he stresses the need for centrality and values and the interdependence of values, methods, and facts as prerequisites to solving the problems of consensus and dissent in science.
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  41.  9
    Scientific ethic dual life value: theory & ramifications.Robert L. Humphrey - 1974 - San Diego, Calif.,: Grossmont Press.
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  42.  56
    Specialisation by Value Divergence: The Role of Epistemic Values in the Branching of Scientific Disciplines.Matteo De Benedetto & Michele Luchetti - 2023 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 36 (2):121-141.
    According to Kuhn's speciation analogy, scientific specialisation is fundamentally analogous to biological speciation. In this paper, we extend Kuhn's original language-centred formulation of the speciation analogy, to account for episodes of scientific specialisation centred around methodological differences. Building upon recent views in evolutionary biology about the process of speciation by genetic divergence, we will show how these methodology-centred episodes of scientific specialisation can be understood as cases of specialisation driven by value divergence. We will apply our model (...)
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  43.  4
    Tomy knowledge, no one has ever attempted to describe a relationship between scientific values and civic virtues for the Middle Ages. This is perhaps because many are unclear as to what, if anything, qualifies as ''science''in the late Middle Ages, so it is unclear if there were any scientists to uphold scientific values. More-over, what would those values have been? Indeed, a relationship between the sci-entists or, better, natural philosophers and civic government officials might at first glance seem ... [REVIEW]Edward Grant - 2005 - In Noretta Koertge (ed.), Scientific Values and Civic Virtues. New York, US: OUP Usa. pp. 40.
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  44. ``Scientific Naturalism and the Value of Knowledge".Jonathan L. Kvanvig - 2006 - In Thomas M. Crisp, Matthew Davidson & David Vander Laan (eds.), Knowledge and Reality: Essays in Honor of Alvin Plantinga. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 193-214.
     
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  45.  34
    On Rationales for Cognitive Values in the Assessment of Scientific Representations.Gertrude Hirsch Hadorn - 2018 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 49 (3):319-331.
    Cognitive values like simplicity, broad scope, and easy handling are properties of a scientific representation that result from the idealization which is involved in the construction of a representation. These properties may facilitate the application of epistemic values to credibility assessments, which provides a rationale for assigning an auxiliary function to cognitive values. In this paper, I defend a further rationale for cognitive values which consists in the assessment of the usefulness of a representation. Usefulness (...)
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  46. A new direction for science and values.Daniel J. Hicks - 2014 - Synthese 191 (14):3271-95.
    The controversy over the old ideal of “value-free science” has cooled significantly over the past decade. Many philosophers of science now agree that even ethical and political values may play a substantial role in all aspects of scientific inquiry. Consequently, in the last few years, work in science and values has become more specific: Which values may influence science, and in which ways? Or, how do we distinguish illegitimate from illegitimate kinds of influence? In this paper, (...)
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  47.  24
    Value as a scientific concept.Cornelius L. Golightly - 1956 - Journal of Philosophy 53 (7):233-245.
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  48.  40
    Robert P. Farrell. Feyerabend and Scientific Values: Tightrope‐Walking Rationality. x + 247 pp., figs., bibl., index. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003. $86. [REVIEW]George Couvalis - 2005 - Isis 96 (2):312-313.
  49.  10
    "The universal values of religions are the fundamental foundation of a human, just and spiritually meaningful world" - a leading thought of the International Scientific Forum.Olga Volodymyrivna Nedavnya - 2019 - Ukrainian Religious Studies 89:84-87.
    The article informs about the international scientific conference "Universal values of religions of the world: history and modernity", which took place on October 24-25, 2019 in Kyiv.
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  50.  61
    The scientific study of values and contemporary civilization.Clyde Kluckhohn - 1966 - Zygon 1 (3):230-243.
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