A new look at the professional training of a higher school teacher, in particular, a teacher of general technical disciplines and teaching methods for technology, the disclosure of their creative potential is based on contemporary methodological approaches. Let’s consider in more detail each of the indicated approaches. The emergence of the information society is one of the signs of the transition of civilization into the noosphere. With the introduction of integrated communication networks, the possibilities of direct communication of individuals on (...) a global scale are expanding. The introduction of computer and communication technologies into the daily life of people and into production makes a great socio-economic impact on the post-industrial society and causes such powerful social changes, it turns into a completely new type – an information society, the structure and dynamics of which is based on the production of information, and not material values, as it was before. Information in such a society becomes a social and productive value. Hence the new features of society: a certain hierarchy of prestige, a specific type of education, information technology that provides a balance of dynamics and social statics, a fundamentally different manage-ment system, etc. Analysis of the introduction of degree training in higher pedagogical educational institutions of Ukraine allows us to identify general approaches in the implementation of master’s programs, in particular: their focus on the bachelor’s degree; variability, flexibility and mobility of master’s education, taking into account current socio-economic trends and regional needs; scientific and practical pedagogical direction and individual approaches in the organization of the educational process. (shrink)

The aim of the article is to present historiographical analysis of researches of Russian historians of the XIX - early XX centuries. The view point of Russian scientists on hetman I. Briukhovetsky and his activities is considered. Common features in their concepts are revealed. The proposed by the Russian historians motivation of the hetman`s activity is analyzed. Russian historians paid attention to the visit of I. Briukhovetsky to Moscow in 1665 (the first ever visit of Ukrainian hetman of the Russian (...) capital), and to the hetman`s "petition", which contained the request for limitation of Ukrainian autonomy. S. Solovyev, G. Karpov, P. Matveev explained hetman`s action suchwise that he sought to gain outer support in the Moscow government. Approximately the same idea had M.Pokrovsky. S. Solovyev compared I. Briukhovetsky with I. Vyhovsky, who also sought to outer support, but focused not on Russia but on Poland. Thus, Russian historians explained the cause of I. Briukhovetsky`s betrayal as his political mistakes. Russian historians admitted that the revolt at the time was quite natural, as Left-bank Ukraine was dissatisfied with the policy of the royal government. They also considered the death of I. Briukhovetsky to be natural, as he managed to alienate all social layers in Ukraine during his reign, Cossacks as well. (shrink)

This article is dedicated to the philosophical legacy of Evald Ilyenkov in Soviet and post-Soviet Ukraine. The authors use the example of Ilyenkov and his legacy to show how drastically different the philosophical situation was in Soviet Ukraine in order to present a holistic viewpoint on Soviet philosophy. The authors highlight the differences between the political and philosophical circumstances in Russia and Ukraine from the 1950s to the 2010s. The Ukrainian philosophical tradition is characterized by its focus on pedagogics, aesthetics, (...) and nonacademic forms of philosophical communication. The main organizational role in Ukrainian philosophy was played by Pavel Kopnin and Valeriy Bosenko, who introduced dialectics as logic to Kyiv universities and made an effort to create philosophical circles for students. Anatoliy Kanarskiy, the prominent Soviet philosopher who specialized in aesthetics adopted the same idea of organizing students into circles. All these personalities were connected with Ilyenkov and each other, thus proving the existence of a common tendency and tradition of thinking within the discourse of Soviet philosophy. The authors highlight that this specific tradition may be called a “Socratic tradition” with its focus on free thinking, on discussions and dialectics. This tradition goes beyond academic philosophy and roots itself in cybernetical studies by Viktor Hlushkov and exists in modern Ukraine in the form of various philosophical circles and literature clubs. (shrink)

Investigation into the theme of receptions and influences is one of traditional topics in the historiography of national philosophies. This article analyses the models of reception and influence used by Ukrainian historians of philosophy: the model of “influence without reception” (А. Tykholaz), the model of “studying philosophy” (D. Tschižewskij) and the model of “reception without influence” (V. Horskyi). Resting upon works by J.-L. Viellard-Baron and P. Hadot, the author tried to argue that: а) the place that reception studies occupies in (...) historiography as well as understanding of its phenomenon is traditionally dictated by the perception of the historic-philosophical process, the genre of the historiography of philosophy and specific historiographic attitudes; b) reception is a complex phenomenon, which has totally different configurations and meanings in different periods of the history of philosophy and cannot be put into one formula; c) the application of obvious formulas from the contemporary vision of receptions in separate historical contexts can verify or objection of the originality or even the existence of separate philosophical traditions; d) through the reflection on the phenomenon of reception in all of its complexity it possible to reveal some aspects, research into which notably corrects our perception of the history of philosophy; e) the popular over the past decades idea of the history of philosophy as dialogue among philosophers is a challenge for the historiography, though it can have a positive effect on historic-philosophical research as well as on historic-philosophical discourse in general. Particularly, the research into reception and using dialogue as a regulatory idea can influence the international circulation of ideas and contribute to turning it into “rational dialogue”, promoted by P. Bourdieu. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the transformations of society in the era of globalization. The global world is seen as a consequence of the successful implementation of the world-historical the Project of Modernity. Its completion results in the loss of its intellectual authority and historical effective- ness. The principal quality of contemporary society became its globality. The paradoxical phenomenon of the world, that had ceased to be a reality, became an integrative shape of the global transformations. Visibility took the privileged (...) place here. The degradation of reality is analyzed in its main forms: dematerialization of reality; decline and destruction of human sensory experience; destruction of the alive contacts with living beings and the capacity to empathize with somebody; the loss of the space of the human existence space features of a stable, predictable, structured se- mantic order. The consequence of that is the destruction of the foundations of the communities and society as a whole, which is fixed by the notion of their «vagueness». The correlation to this social metamorphosis is a new anthropological format — the singularity, which provides for the theoretical abolition of identity as a way for defining a man. It means the loss of an individual’s predictability and its determination as a social character. The network is the way through which the singularities interact, and swarms are the natural form of their association. Swarm is a historically new, unstructured, but subordinated to common impulses union, which consists of points of activity of different intensity. The analysis of society is incomplete without taking into account its discursive-communicative nature. In the global world there is a decline in the discourses. The signs of that process are the lack of legitimacy in classical instances of the meaning (truth, good, beauty, etc.), the degeneration of thinking into mixing, changing criteria of significance (dominance of curiosity and impression), social degradation of the media. The main feature of these changes is the latest phenomenon of information power (the power of depersonalized information space and information technology — those modes of circulation and use of information that became a determining factor in human life in the globalized world). (shrink)

The paper describes the historical and intellectual foundations on which the European political system was built after the Second World War; this system pursued the goal to prevent any war in Europe, but proved unable to prevent the russian-Ukrainian war. The paper shows that this system was built not only because of the trauma of the First and Second World Wars, but also in accord- ance with the liberal attitude to war, which M. Vatter called «war with “war”»; at the (...) same time, such a clear attitude does not refer to real wars, but to an imaginary «war of all against all». Based on the analysis of the principles and results of the research project “War and Society” under the direction of J. Baechler, the author outlines the principles of liberal Realpolitik as the implementation of the mentioned attitude in the realm of wars: it consists in their rationalization both at the level of goals and at the level of means of warfare; such a rationalization finally makes war irrational and unacceptable. From the point of view of such Realpolitik, war is only an extraordinary means of politics, and the russian-Ukrainian war is only an excess of violence, while in the opinion of the author, it is an inevitable consequence of the irrational and violent russian-Ukrainian extrapolitical conflict, whose stakes is the existence self of Ukraine. The author believes that one of the reasons for the inability of the European political system to prevent the russian-Ukrainian war is the belief that with the end of the Cold War, the “century of total war” in Europe also ended, and that the economic and cultural integration of post-communist countries into the European space makes such conflicts impossible. The author refers to the description of the own logic of wars of the 20th century, proposed in R. Aron’s book «The century of total war», and suggests considering the russian-Ukrainian war as a continuation of these wars. In the perspective pro- posed by R. Aron, the mentioned «century of total war» can be considered as a «long 20th century», which continues to this day. (shrink)

Providing spiritual identity and formation of its capacity for self-actualization is a main subject of its article. First of all, we are talking about forming a complex personality traits and abilities that are being directed at her self, is also the mechanisms of spirituality. Targeting of spirituality clearly expressed in the contents learner centered education, because the latter is aimed at meeting existential needs. Procedural and technological component provides the educational process such as integrated as the emphasis of individual semantic (...) field that occurs in the presence of emotional experiences of individual experience mastering spiritual values. Using the potential of the concept of spirituality to determine the content of educational activities aimed at the goal of self-actualization, requires first of all overcome the technocratic orientation of the school, strengthening the spiritual and humanitarian principles in the education of individual approach. (shrink)

In the article by S. Geraskov «Religious and philosophical component of modern Ukrainian martial arts » it is conducted the analysis of religious and philosophical component of Boyovy Spas representing modern Ukrainian martial arts. It is shown that religious and philosophical ideas in Boyovy Spas have been understood mainly in the light of new religious and philosophical movements of non-Ukrainian origin. The author concludes that today there is a tendency of active and accelerated myth making in order to make modern (...) Ukrainian martial arts older. (shrink)

The article reveals the philosophical, worldview, aesthetically-axiological aspects of considering the universe as a symbolic phenomenon of the postmodern era. It is emphasized that the analysis of beauty, as the basic category of aesthetics, needs to find out its aggregate nature, depending on the individual and social semantic characteristics of reality. One of the key points of such an analysis is its metaphysical problematic – the direct emergence of constructive emotion into the realm of the transcendental, namely, the view of (...) Man from the Universe from the standpoint of eternity. The timeliness and necessity of considering the problem of the symbolic context of the universe is obvious in the context of the third millennium, the realities of which call into question the very fact of conservation of wildlife on Earth. In the minds of assimilating the finality of the earthly boot, its primarity of progressive stochasticity, in the midst of the amplification of the eschatological context, the people of the era of postmodernity are demonstrating the development of the fastflowing, hardened nonsense. In the philosophical tradition, the symbol is the role of a pure "selfness", not tied to the powerful moment of the object: the symbolic picture does not reflect reality, as it is - the symbol of knowing the "refair" in the sphere of the virtual. It is proved that for the modern man the Universe is the object of not only scientific, technological, but also philosophical, cultural studies, it synthesizes for the unity of the object of scientific interest, a symbol of aesthetic pleasure and a source of formation of appropriate images and archetypes. (shrink)

Occult manifestations of history have changed throughout history and at various stages of culture have entered into complex relationships with science, philosophy, religion, and art. In our time, occultism has found the resources for its existence and development in some non-traditional fields. The factors of growing interest in the occult are now: the commercialization of all walks of life; pluralisation of public opinion; tolerance and political correctness, which they spread to reduce various confrontations in society. The overarching and active factors (...) such as interpersonal and global communication, the Internet and globalization in general are also major factors. (shrink)

The cultural diversity and the culture of plural coexistence becomes the global problem of existence. Mutual penetration and leveling of the boundary having divided the world into Other and Own is relevant, as it challenges identity in the conditions of openness and unification. Own culture is able to reveal its potential and present its essential features and original character only in the context of a different cultural dimension. The complex intertwinings, connections, influences of the cultures of different peoples and their (...) worldviews in a single world cultural space are illuminated by the dialogue. Dialogue determines the nourishing interaction, which allows to get richer by knowing the unique, valuable experience of the Other, to expand the horizons of one’s own existence. The atmosphere created by the dialogue is marked by humanism, implies the dignity and the right of each participant to argue their own point of view, therefore, to use their own intellectual abilities, knowledge and values. (shrink)

The article examines the content and process of forming the principles of a customer-oriented approach to the management of transport enterprises in the context of sustainable development. The author's definition of the concept of “principles of a customer-oriented approach to the management of transport enterprises” is given on the basis of its understanding as strategic and tactical areas of activity aimed at maximizing the satisfaction of customers' needs and expectations through the use of digital technologies and innovative approaches. The key (...) principles of a customer-oriented approach to managing transport enterprises in the context of sustainable development are developed, among which the following are highlighted: understanding customer needs; personalization of service; interaction at all stages; digital transformation of processes; data analysis and forecasting; creation of a digital environment; training and development of personnel; culture of service and open communication; continuous analysis and improvement; focus on the sustainability of relations, etc. The author's own model of digital transformation of transport enterprises using the principles of a customer-oriented approach is proposed. A generalized characterization and impact on the processes of customer focus of individual digital technologies for managing customer relations of transport enterprises is presented. (shrink)

Serhii Shevchenko Merold Westphal’s existential theology as the development ideas of Soren Kierkegaard in age of Postmodern. The article reveals the problem of Merold Westphal’s understanding the specific of S. Kierkegaard’s religious existentialism. To analysed the basic statement of the books by M. Westphal «Becoming a Self: A Reading of Kierkegaard's Concluding Unscientific Postscript. It was studied thoroughly the problem of explication of S. Kierkegaard’s ethical and religious ideas in the post-existential and postmodern context. To investigate the phenomenon of (...) «religiousness “C”», introduced by M. Westphal’s in the modern existential phenomenology of religion. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the circumstances of Hryhoriy Skovoroda’s use of the pseudonym «Daniil Meingard» and the role played by Mykhailo Kovalynskyi in Skovoroda’s adoption of this pseudonym. The article reconstructs the biography of Pastor Daniel Mingard, whose name was adopted by Skovoroda, including refuted false information about him, widespread in Ukrainian-language literature; a brief description of the intellectual biography of his son, Pastor Gabriel Mingard, who, unlike his father, was a notable figure in the intel- lectual life of (...) the country of Vaud in the second half of the 18th century, in particular, one of the most original authors of the «Encyclopedia of Yverdon» — a liberal Protestant response to the «Encyclopedia» of Diderot and d’Alembert. The article states that the description of Daniel Mingard, which Kovalynskyi gives in «The Life of Grigory Skovoroda» in order to explain the origin of the pseudonym Skovo- roda, corresponds more to Gabriel than to Daniel Mingard. The explanation of this ambiguity is based on the hypothesis that Kovalynskyi, choosing Gabriel Mingard as an example to follow, projects the Mingard son-father relationship onto his relationship with Skovoroda. This hypothesis gives reason to reconsider the role of Kovalynskyi in the life of Skovoroda and in the formation of the image of the philosopher in «The Life of Grigory Skovoroda». The article reconstructs Kovalynskyi’s circle of reading and demonstrates that his literary preferences correspond to the leading trends of reception by Russian Freemasonry in the last third of the 18th century. Western, primarily liberal Protestant literature. This recon- struction gives reason to draw a parallel between Skovoroda’s opinion and Kovalynskyi’s reading circle, in the context of which the latter evaluates Skovoroda’s life and philosophy; they are related by devotion to religious and intellectual freedom, eclecticism, as well as numerous subjects that we consider purely Skovoroda’s subjects: self-knowledge, the inner man, the goodness of God, happiness, friendship, etc. (shrink)

The article’s reasoning is based on the definition of the nature of the war in Ukraine, which, following the Russian aggression on February 24, 2022, escalated into a full-scale conflict: this war has gradually acquired features of the total wars of the 20th century and transformed into a war of attrition, which could last for a considerable period of time. If such a war does not end with the capitulation of one of the parties, the most likely outcome would be (...) a peace agreement involving third parties, which would take the form of a compromise and involve a renunciation by the participating parties of complete victory in the war. Given the just nature of Ukraine's war against Russian aggression, the author raises the question of whether a peace can be considered just without a complete victory over the aggressor and without the full restoration of justice disrupted by the aggression. Drawing on the classical work of M. Walzer, the author concludes that renouncing complete victory and halting hostilities at a point when the conflict can be resolved through political means fully aligns with the concept of a just war as a limited war. To establish the moral principles and possible limits of compromises in wartime, the author turns to A. Margalit’s concept, which, in his view, continues Walzer’s reasoning by outlining the possibility of compromises for the sake of peace. Drawing on contemporary research on political compromises, the author analyzes possible configurations of compromises in wartimes, their differences from political compromises in peacetime, and other potential outcomes of a war of attrition, including scenarios such as the capitulation of one of the parties or a modus vivendi. The article develops on the ideas of M. Walzer and A. Margalit, emphasizing that limiting the war and reaching a compromise for peace make necessary to clarify the requirements of justice. This, in turn, necessitates that the party engaged in a just war be guided by the ethics of responsibility when determining war aims, while also adhering to the fundamental distinction between good and evil in order to avoid "rotten" compromises. (shrink)

The article considers the place and role of discourse in human life. The basis for this is the im- portance of language and speech as one of the leading features of humanity. Thanks to language, a person’s own reality is formed, which has a semantic character. Four dimensions of the effect of speech in the constitution of the human world are identified. These are: the function of se- mantic productivity and reliability of speech; function of organization and accumulation of ex- (...) perience; the function of normativity of human life; personalization function. The acquisition of the discourse format by speech is associated with the assertion of significance and substantiation of the validity of judgments. These qualities of discursive practices are inseparable from their normative effect. If speech as such is dominated by the effect of communication and statements, the discourse is primarily a semantic ordering of reality. It always creates, transforms or cancels a certain semantic order. The thesis on the growing role of discursive practices in the contempo- rary world is substantiated. This is due to the epoch-making changes in human life, namely the end of the era of production. The whole history of human civilization can be represented as the development of production (from the invention of the production mode of economy in the form of the Neolithic revolution). The end of the era of production means at the same time the actu- alization of the great historical task of man’s appeal to himself, to his own nature and organic ability to live. Taking care of yourself, not the conditions of existence (external goods) will be a priority for human development in the near historical perspective. However, this reorientation of human existence is confronted with the contradictory impact of virtualization of reality for man, which entails changes in the classical vocation of discourse. In this regard, the effect of discourses in the highly powerful information environment of today is analyzed, which is becoming the leading force of global reality in the form of information power. (shrink)

Гуменюк Т. І. Гуманітарні науки в УРСР. 1944-1991 роки. Сучасна українська історіографія : [монографія] / Т. І. Гуменюк ; НАН України, Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип'якевича. Івано-Франківський університет права імені Короля Данила Галицького. - Львів, 2015. - 572 с.

In this article, the author carries on his research into critical bibliographic reviews of foreign biblical studies made by professors of Kyiv Theological Academy in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. In his analysis of the structure and topics of those reviews, the author spotlights how the European experience of biblical studies played a role in shaping of the Orthodox Biblical discourse in Kyiv Theological Academy. The European biblical studies of that period increasingly promoted the biblical (...) knowledge. Several leading intellectual centers were emerging as conceptual and methodological ‘camps’, including rationalistic, apologetic, and ‘moderate’ ones. Structurally, the foreign studies of Bible have been focusing on the origin, authorship, historicity, and authenticity of biblical books. Critical and apologetic interpretation strategies have been compared. The catalyzing effect was brought about by the text studies based on new critical editions of the Hebraic, Old Greek, and Greek New Testaments as well as new dictionaries and grammar books. Biblical studies were in pursuit of their proper place at the crossroads of theology and a wide range of historical, humanitarian and social sciences. Biblical studies were increasingly linked to current social and cognitive issues debated in the West. Remarkably, various biblical and non-biblical sources have been compared more and more frequently. Against this background, the sprouts of religious comparativism and early efforts of historical religious reconstructions have emerged. Finally, the comparison of historical and mythological elements in the Bible was the focal point of debates in the West for researchers of both the Old and the New Testaments. Critical bibliographic publications, in particular the large annual reviews of foreign literature, strongly illustrate that the Kyiv spiritual and academic biblical studies had been increasingly integrating in the global academic and theological dimension. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the problem of ambiguity in the assessment of the mythological characteristics of the TV series. The purpose of the article is to establish functions inherent in the TV series, which reveal its mythological potential. Methodological approach of post-structuralism was applied to various cultural forms as texts to be interpreted, therefore, TV series were considered as signifiers representing mythological significance. The audience usually perceives TV series as the traditional myth, emotionally experiencing it as a holistic semantic (...) system in which meaning is inextricably linked to the form, therefore it is perceived as a reality. It is established that the regular repetition of the series in the broadcast TV networks demonstrates its paradigmatic level of signification and gives it a normative function. The novelty of the study is to identify the functional strength of the mythology of TV series, which consists not only in creating an atmosphere of aesthetic exchange of values in the communicative process but also in the norming of living space, creating a virtual space for fantasy experience of unconscious meanings and desires and socialization of individuals. We can conclude that the mythology of the series can be enhanced in two ways – due to the normative-ritual function of series, which is achieved by regular repetition, and, in turn, affects the integrative function and due to the fantasy content of the TV series. This feature largely reveals the socio-compensatory function of the TV series, which is most realized in fantasy series, and given that the spectator is experiencing their own desires, we can talk about the experience of individualized myth. (shrink)

The article talks about the postmodern approach to studying the problem of reflexive competence of future specialists, requires a comprehensive analysis of the organization and content of the educational process in higher education institutions. The postmodern concept of professional reflection and personal reflexivity of students is highlighted, it determines the ratio of these formations as unique individual phenomena, their influence on the formation and manifestation of professional and professional competence at the creative-professional, cognitive and personal-motivational levels. The concept of reflectivity (...) of the future specialist is specified. The structure of professional reflection of students is specified. The value of pedagogical practice for the development of professional reflection in future professionals from the standpoint of the postmodern approach is emphasized. The model of formation and development of personal-professional reflectivity in future specialists at the competence, cognitive, personal-motivational, emotional and evaluative-behavioral levels is presented. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the analysis of two dominant security concepts in the modern world. Given the long bipolarity of the world, due to the dominance of the Horde and Westphalian concepts of security, the question arises about the place of Ukraine in this coordinate system. In the process of research, a historical analysis of the emergence, formation and dissemination of two, alternative concepts of security, which are characteristic of countries with different governance models. The article argues that at (...) present two concepts of state security are dominant in the world, namely the Westphalian and the Horde. The conducted analysis allows us to state that the strategic partnership between these two concepts of security is illusory, given the great differences in the principles of concept construction. (shrink)

One of the traditional subjects of discussion among historians of philosophy is the question of the status of the history of philosophy as well as a discipline, as well as the tasks, possibilities, and limitations of some approaches and genres of the historiography of philosophy. The article focuses on the analysis of the contribution to these discussions of studies in the historiography of philosophy, which began in Francophone philosophy in the 1970s with the publication of the studies of L. Braun (...) and M. Gueroult, in particular, the answers to the mentioned questions, proposed within the framework of these studies. The starting point of the article is the historical scheme of the attitude of philosophers to the past of philosophy, proposed by Y. Lafrance, which makes it possible to determine the place of the history of philosophy as a discipline in philosophical activity and to study the historiography of philosophy as an element of such activity. In this article, three research projects of the historiography of philosophy were analyzed – the «history of the history of philosophy» by L. Braun, the studies in the doxography by A. Laks and M. Frede, the social history of the historiography of philosophy by C. König-Pralong. Based on the analysis of the mentioned projects, the article support the conclusion that the history of philosophy cannot be considered either only as a historical or only as a philosophical discipline, and also that a historian of philosophy cannot investigate a subject without simultaneously constructing it on the basis of historical data, which always remain outside the historiographic construction. (shrink)

Drawing on recent publications on studies in historiography of philosophy in French-, English-, and German-speaking philosophy, the author clarifies the subject matter and tasks of studies in historiography of philosophy as a historico-philosophical approach, in particular, counting among such subjects the images of philosophy's past constructed by histories of philosophy, as well as the historiographical attitudes of historians of philosophy and the contexts and factors that determine these historiographical attitudes. The article analyses the conceptions and implementations of three projects of (...) studies in historiography of philosophy that have taken place in Ukraine in recent decades: the project of “History of Historico-philosophical Science”, led by Yu. Kushakov in the 1980s and 2000s and dedicated to the study of historico-philosophical conceptions of German and Russian philosophers of the 19th and early 20th; S. Rudenko's study of post-Soviet methodological approaches to the history of Ukrainian philosophy (2012); and the Ukrainian part of the bilateral project “Philosophy in the system of national culture: comparative analysis of historico-philosophical studies in Belarus and Ukraine” (2011-2012), led by V. Yevarousky and S. Yosypenko. Based on the results of the latter project and on his more recent research, the author outlines the socio-political, general philosophical and institutional context in which the historiography of Ukrainian philosophy was formed and functioned during the 20th century; analyses the images of the history of Ukrainian philosophy created by D. Tschižewskij and V. Horskyi, which embody two extreme points in the development of the historiography of Ukrainian philosophy in the 20th century; and points out the changes in the general philosophical and institutional context of historico-philosophical research in independent Ukraine and the consequences of these changes for the further development of the historiography of Ukrainian philosophy. (shrink)

Memories, words of gratitude and deep respect for Maria Dmitrivna Kultaeva from her colleague and friend Serhiy Proleev.

Стаття присвячена важливому ракурсу розгляду генезису модерну, а саме – трансформації режиму інтеракцій, себто тих смислових диспозицій та презумпцій, які уможливили модерні форми життєдіяльності. Ключовим теоретичним поняттям для цього є порядок дійсності та місце людини у ньому. Середньовічний режим інтеракцій ґрунтований на розумінні дійсності як Божого творіння, що надає всім взаємодіям сакральний сенс. Відповідно людське життя розгортається в перспективі потойбічної долі душі; водночас практика «уподібнення Христу» стає визначальною інтенцією всіх відношень християнина. У переході до модерного режиму інтеракцій вирішальну роль відіграв (...) процес секуляризації. Виокремлюються дві основні форми (та етапи) цього процесу – ренесансна секуляризація християнського світогляду, здійснена ренесансним гуманізмом, та протестантська секуляризація положення людської особи в суспільстві. У механізмі гуманістичної секуляризації світогляду головну роль відіграли дві фундаментальні редукції: по-перше, редукція різноякісного, телеологічно визначеного провидінням і, відповідно, ієрархізованого світового ладу до гомогенного натурального порядку речей, концептуалізованого у вигляді «природи»; по-друге, редукція людини як «вінця творіння» із центральним місцем у світовій драмі (що передбачало сувору вписаність у сакральний порядок) до людини в її вихідному християнському значенні «образа і подоби Божої», що тягло за собою універсалізацію способу людського буття у вигляді свободи. Механізм секуляризації соціального життя особи, здійсненої Реформацією, розкрито на основі Лютерової критики церковних догм та канонів. Показано, як Лютер спростовує всевладдя церкви та кліру, спираючись на три свої віросповідні принципи: sola fide (тільки вірою), sola scriptura (тільки Писання), sola gratia (тільки милість Божа). Здійснений аналіз показує два парадокси генезису модерного режиму інтеракцій: секуляризацію середньовічного світогляду ренесансні гуманісти засновують на класичних християнських ідеях розуміння людини і творення світу, а рух релігійного фундаменталізму, яким була Реформація, дезавуював універсальну роль церкви у житті та устрої суспільства. (shrink)

. In the article of Sannikov S. "Formation of Pedobaptism in the Third century: Origen, Hippolytus of Rome, Tertullian and Cyprian the texts of pre-Nicaea Church fathers are analyzed in order to present their conception of water baptism. The works of four prominent theologians of the 3rd century " are examined particularly. Based on their texts, reflecting the conception of water baptism in various regions of the Roman Empire, the process of formation of children baptism is studied in its active (...) stage at that time. The author demonstrates the factors significantly affecting the substitution of credobaptism with pedobaptism. The leading role in the emergence of children baptism was held by situations of extreme baptism when the rigid rules of joining the community could be ignored. The theological background for such actions was the conception of the baptism role as the washing of sins, which was gradually transformed from the forgiveness of sins by faith of the baptized to the conception of this process ex opera operato. Because of the fact that the theology of that time didn’t have the idea of original sin, Origen’s conception of the so called “spot of sin” began to develop for explaining the baptism of innocent infants. (shrink)

Globalization is a manifestation of total scientific and technological progress, which, given the development of communication, liberalization of all spheres of social and economic life, gives its participants the opportunity to maximize profits, as well as imitate the convergence of people, standardization of life, transformation of national cultures and denominations. Globalization, as a modern complex phenomenon, has certainly many precursors. The holders of great empires and many political adventurers sought the global, global, comprehensive power.

The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between religion and philosophy in the modern context with its inherent thesis about the incompatibility of faith and reason. The role and subsequent transformation of philosophy is a key factor in the process of secularization. The author examines the change in the social function of religion and its influence on the legitimation of philosophical knowledge in the early modern era, especially in the context of the interaction between the church and (...) the state. The article shows how the change in the social function of religion affects the method of legitimizing knowledge. (shrink)

У статті досліджується проблема розрізнення та інтерпретації екзистенціального та академічного екзистенціалізму в теології Жака Марітена. Автор аналізує також основні положення концепції «інтегрального гума- нізму» Жака Марітена. Доводиться, що неотомізм Марітена поєднав раціонально-філософські ідеї з істинами богослов'я, синтезував погляди феноменології, екзистенціалізму, герменевтики, персоналізму та інших напрямків сучасної філософії.

In this article, the author explores one of the avenues through which the experiences of the European biblical studies were implemented in the Kyiv Theological Academy in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. For the first time, the critical bibliographic reviews of biblical research works written by foreign scholars are being examined as a genre. In the comments and reviews made by the KTA professors, we observe a critical analysis of the experiences related to rationalistic and (...) orthodox apologetic trends as represented in foreign biblical studies, as well as a quest for conceptual and methodological allies in support of the Orthodox biblical apologetic perspective. These critical reviews represent a valuable asset indicating that the Kyiv theological academic studies had been incorporated in the global dimension of academic biblical studies. The broad range of subjects addressed in the reviews as well as their regularity and frequency testify to intensive professional communication within the theological academic community. In addition, the texts demonstrate the degree the Kyiv academics perceived the global issues and trends, the responses of scholars to methodological and conceptual challenges, and their perception of various hermeneutical models. The article specifies the stages in which the genre of review evolved from 1860s to early 1900s. From the key structural elements of the entire body of reviews and critical articles, the author distinguishes reviews of the Old Testament and New Testament studies in such thematic areas as isagogics, theology, exegesis, historical criticism, textual criticism, study of biblical languages, geography, archeology, history, chronology, and comparative studies of religion and culture. The subject areas of the reviews and critical articles specifically indicate significant development in the European biblical studies. (shrink)

Аналізуючи твори низки професорів та вихованців Київської духовної академії другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст., автор висвітлює важливий етап актуалізації у київському православному біблієзнавстві загальноєвропейської полеміки щодо визнання історичності надприродного й чудесного в біблійному наративі. Означену проблему розглянуто в її догматично-богословському та герменевтичному аспектах. Встановлено, що в раціоналістичному дискурсі європейських біблієзнавчих студій критика ідеї надприродного поставала передусім як проблема співвідношення історичного та міфологічного елементів у старо- та новозавітній оповідях. Апологія надприродного ґрунтувалася, своєю чергою, на визнанні історичної реальності чуда в (...) Біблії. Таке визнання ставало наріжним каменем біблійної апологетики незалежно від її конфесійного спрямування. Показано, що київські біблієзнавці-академісти у своїх бібліографічних публікаціях та авторських розвідках підтримали спільні європейські й світові тренди полеміки щодо проблеми надприродного в Біблії. Вони заперечували десакралізацію біблійного наративу, критикуючи як міфологічні, так і натуралістичні його інтерпретації. Київські апологети підтвердили сутнісний зв’язок віроповчального, догматичного та герменевтичного аспектів проблеми історичності надприродного в Біблії: визнання реальності чуда є підтвердженням достовірності самого Святого Письма, його істинності та надійності як образу священної історії, джерела віри та практик життя. (shrink)

In this article, the author carries on his research into works by Dmytro Bohdashevskyi, the famous Professor and Rector of the Kyiv Theological Academy in the early 20th century. The paper covers Dmytro Bohdashevskyi’s theological apologetics of the miracle and the supernatural in biblical narrative. It was established that Kyiv researcher realized the synthesis of epistemological, hermeneutic, dogmatic and religious-practical components in his position. Great attention is paid to his peculiar religious phenomenology, epistemology and praxeology of the Gospel miracles. Bohdashevskyi (...) proposed a phenomenological representation of wonderful events in the acts of life experience. Religious structures such as experiencing the miraculous and experiencing the meeting the Absolute play the most important role. The epistemological basis of Bohdashevskyi ‘s reasoning about miracle in the Bible is the affirmation of its coherence with the human mind. This coherence is based on the act of religious faith in which a sacred rationalization of a miracle takes place. This way of rationalizing Gospel miracles objectively opposes both the primitive magical and the modern rationalistic interpretations of the miraculous. However, the Kyiv apologist sometimes finds himself vulnerable to denying the significance of the act of faith and moving beyond the theological discursiveness to which his rationalist-minded opponents resort. The researcher objectively describes the assumption of the miracle as an intrinsically problematic cognitive act, demonstrating the complexity of human cognition as one of the underlying reasons for the emergence and existence of religion. In this way, D. Bohdashevskyi came very close to the comparison of scientific and extra-scientific knowledge, rational and extra-rational components of cognitive process. Article received 15.08.2019. (shrink)

The article demonstrates the experience of religious reading of the iconic work of the prominent Kyiv bibliologist and academician of the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century V. Rybinskyi. The need for such a reading is determined by the fact that the Biblical texts contain a lot of empirical material relevant from the point of view of the history and theory of religious studies. Therefore, a kind of reconstruction of the field of theoretical positions important for (...) the formation of the “science of religion” in the domestic intellectual tradition is actualized. At the same time, given the weak systematization, a certain theoretical amorphousness and the need to carefully “read” such provisions, it would be correct to say that Rybinskyi’s work has only the motives of “proto-religious studies.” The article proposes relevant provisions that characterize the position of the Kyiv researcher in the field of the source and methodological problems of religion research; in matters of the origin and historical development of religious phenomena; in evaluation of the socio-cultural and political dimensions of religious institutions. The arguments given by V. Rybinskyi on the structural components of a religious ritual or religious institution in general, both in its evolution and in functional connections, are valuable for religious studies. It is shown how the Kyiv Biblical scholar in his own research hypostasis and apologetic intention closely approaches the formulation of “protoreligious” provisions. The eloquent example once again traces the complexity of disciplinary formation in the na­tional culture of the “science of religion” and the complexity of rational knowledge of this phenomenon as a specific way of spiritual and practical development of reality.Manuscript received 07.08.2020. (shrink)

Стаття продовжує цикл розвідок, які демонструють досвід релігієзнавчого прочитання значущих праць видатних київських професорів-академістів останньої третини ХІХ – початку ХХ століття. У цих працях нагромаджувався потужний масив емпіричного матеріалу, релевантного з погляду історії та теорії релігієзнавчих досліджень. Відповідно, нині актуалізується реконструкція поля теоретичних положень, важливих для становлення «науки про релігію» у вітчизняній інтелектуальній традиції. Репрезентовано творчість гебраїста та біблієзнавця Якима Олесницького. Цей дослідник одним із перших у вітчизняній гуманітарній науці проаналізував агадичний шар талмудичної писемності крізь призму порівняльно-релігієзнавчого та релігійно-історичного підходів. (...) Було виявлено метаморфози біблійних образів та сюжетів, подій давньої історії єврейського народу, що виникли під впливами різних міфологічних, філософських, фольклорних традицій. Відбувалася реальна деміфологізація агади з позицій історичної та літературної критики. На підставі релігієзнавчого прочитання тексту Я. Олесницького у цій статті простежено деякі метаморфози власне теїстичних уявлень у процесі постання талмудичного юдаїзму. Вони проаналізовані під кутом зору актуальних для філософії й феноменології релігії категорій: релігійного досвіду, надприродного, Іншої реальності як священної, Абсолюту. Визначено низку ініційованих Олесницьким пізнавальних ситуацій, цінних із погляду ширшого кола дисциплін: філософії й феноменології релігії, історії релігії, соціології та психології релігії, релігійної компаративістики. Цей досвід буде застосовано в подальших розвідках за матеріалами означеного твору знаного київського академіста. (shrink)

Левик Б. С. Балто-Чорноморський регіон: cучасний потенціал та перспективи : [монографія] / Б. С. Левик ; Національний університет "Львівська політехніка". - Маріуполь : Східний видавничий дім, 2015. – 244 с.

This article argues that only a limited form of EU citizenship is available to transgender people. As the paper demonstrates, transgender Union citizens face numerous difficulties when they exercise their right to free movement, despite such movement being the core of Union citizenship. Rather, transgender individuals only have access to a considerably restricted form of EU citizenship which is guaranteed as part of their fundamental status conferred by EU Treaties. The article points out that the current approach of including transgender (...) discrimination in the purview of discrimination on the grounds of sex fails to tackle the issue because it is conceptually problematic and largely ineffective. As a solution to remedy the issue, the paper suggests overhauling the existent approach to trans discrimination in a way that makes it capable of ensuring that transgender persons enjoy their Union citizenship to its fullest extent. (shrink)

The article by Sannikov Sergiy “History and Hermeneutic Horizons of the Bible Commentaries in the Slavic Context: Part 1. History and Practice of the Bible Commentaries in the Slavic Context” is the first part of the research of the history and hermeneutic horizons of the Bible commentaries in the Slavic context. The author surveys the history of the Bible interpretation in Eastern Europe, analyzes the diachronical interpretation principles progress, shows the hermeneutical methods used in the Evangelical movement of in the (...) 19th and 20th centuries and the correspondent hermeneutic approaches in the Orthodox tradition. The author distinguishes the main hermeneutic principles being the basis for the commentators of the 19th-20th centuries and the approaches to interpretation practiced in the Slavic context. A special attention is given to the Bible interpretation made by national authors who have been publishing their works during the last 20 years. The main emphasis is made on the literature on hermeneutics published in recent years and used in Evangelical educational institutions. (shrink)