M. Merleau-Ponty and F. H. Jacobi’s Revelation against Kantian IntellectualismThe goal of this article is to shed light on the neglected connection between Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743-1819) and Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961). It will be shown through certain themes –I) being in the world, II) description, III) reflexion, IV) revelation and the V) primacy of perception – how Merleau-Ponty echoes Jacobi’s criticism of German Idealism during the Pantheist Quarrel, particularly towards Immanuel Kant’s intellectualist stance, two centuries prior to the Phénoménologie de (...) la perception. Through a historical and philological lens, this article aims to specifically demonstrate how Merleau-Ponty and Jacobi share a common ontology against Kantian intellectualism.La rivelazione di M. Merleau-Ponty e F. H. Jacobi contro l’intellettualismo kantianoL’obiettivo di questo articolo è chiarire la trascurata relazione tra Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743-1819) e Maurice Merlau-Ponty (1908-1961). Attraverso l’analisi di alcune tematiche – l’essere nel mondo, la descrizione, la riflessione, la rivelazione –, mostreremo come nella filosofia di Merleau-Ponty riecheggi la critica all’idealismo tedesco formulata da Jacobi all’epoca della disputa sul panteismo e diretta, in particolar modo e con due secoli di anticipo rispetto alla Fenomenologia della Percezione, alle posizioni intellettualiste di Kant. Grazie ad una lettura storica e filologica, questo articolo tenta di dimostrare come Merleau-Ponty e Jacobi condividano un’ontologia comune in opposizione all’intellettualismo kantiano. (shrink)

Regular musical activity as a complex multimodal lifestyle activity is proposed to be protective against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the association and interplay between musical instrument playing during life, multi-domain cognitive abilities and brain morphology in older adults from the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study study. Participants reporting having played a musical instrument across three life periods were compared to controls without a history of musical instrument playing, well-matched for reserve proxies of education, (...) intelligence, socioeconomic status and physical activity. Participants with musical activity outperformed controls in global cognition, working memory, executive functions, language, and visuospatial abilities, with no effects seen for learning and memory. The musically active group had greater gray matter volume in the somatosensory area, but did not differ from controls in higher-order frontal, temporal, or hippocampal volumes. However, the association between gray matter volume in distributed frontal-to-temporal regions and cognitive abilities was enhanced in participants with musical activity compared to controls. We show that playing a musical instrument during life relates to better late-life cognitive abilities and greater brain capacities in OA. Musical activity may serve as a multimodal enrichment strategy that could help preserve cognitive and brain health in late life. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to support this notion. (shrink)

Les fruits d’un colloque canadien (Rimouski, septembre 2007) qui associait à des critiques confirmés bon nombre de jeunes chercheurs sont maintenant disponibles sous la forme d’un nouveau volume de « L’École du genre ». Les contributions présentées ici sont au nombre de vingt-huit, auxquelles s’ajoutent une introduction par Claude La Charité, un état des recherches dressé par Diane Desrosiers puis une bibliographie (peut-être trop) sélective. Saluons d’emblée la richesse et la diversité de ce...

Le consumérisme qui caractérise nos sociétés nous pousse à désirer davantage et à imiter des modèles. Cette course nous laisse insatisfaits et génère rivalité et violence. L'anthropologie que nous propose René Girard va nous permettre de saisir les ressorts de la violence et de dessiner la figure d'un individu pleinement libre, conscient de son mimétisme et choisissant de suivre le modèle qui permet d'échapper à la rivalité. Une invitation à revisiter le christianisme et la figure du Christ.

The Repugnant Conclusion served an important purpose in catalyzing and inspiring the pioneering stage of population ethics research. We believe, however, that the Repugnant Conclusion now receives too much focus. Avoiding the Repugnant Conclusion should no longer be the central goal driving population ethics research, despite its importance to the fundamental accomplishments of the existing literature.

In this paper the author examines the main features of Jürgen Habermas's cosmopolitan view of the global political order. He specifically examines the importance Habermas accords respectively to individual rights and the nationstate in such an order. After demonstrating that a global political order founded on the defence of individual human rights rather than the nation-state is an assumption that should be taken seriously, the author maintains that it would be undesirable to attribute only a secondary role to the nation-sate. (...) In the second part of the paper, he demonstrates that the nation-state has a positive role to play in the global era, and that those who predict its imminent demise will have to revisit their positions. (shrink)

Quelle est l’ontologie sociale que réclame l’interprétation du capitalisme en général et du néocapitalisme en particulier? Cet article défend l’hypothèse selon laquelle cette ontologie doit suivre le fil conducteur de « l’aliénation objective ». Comprendre le capitalisme, c’est pour une large part comprendre comment des puissances détachées, expressions autonomisées de nos pouvoirs et de nos actions, en viennent à faire l’histoire sans nous et souvent contre nous, sous la pression de la tendance expansionniste qui les anime. L’article explicite cette hypothèse, (...) en souligne certaines difficultés, et, enfin, montre comment elle se rattache au propos de Marx au début du Capital. (shrink)

L’article montre comment, à côté d’une mise à distance progressive du psychologisme initial de ses positions, W. Dilthey s’est progressivement orienté vers une analyse relationnelle et dynamique de la personnalité individuelle dont l’intérêt reste intact.

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 99 Heft: 2 Seiten: 747-752.

The article takes up Foucault’s analysis of neoliberalism in the 1970s. It begins by showing how this analysis represents an unforeseen effect of his introduction of the new category of biopower. It goes on to propose a hypothesis suggesting that, if we are to reappropriate the explanatory potential of the latter notion, it is advisable that we leave aside the political and cultural problematic of neoliberalism, focusing on the specific locus of the economic evolutions which are involved. Biopower has in (...) fact largely become a constitutive function of neocapitalism, and must be examined as such. (shrink)

Autrefois thème privilégié de débats doctrinaux byzantins autant que prétexte à des manipulations stratégiques consommées – c’est elle, après tout, qui permet de justifier la dictature du prolétariat –, la distinction marxienne entre socialisme et communisme semble depuis longtemps remisée au magasin des accessoires idéologiques d’une époque heureusement révolue, quand bien..

La question des instincts est une voie d’entrée privilégiée pour le rapport du pragmatisme au naturalisme. Le problème que soulève la théorie des instincts de William James et John Dewey vient du maintien, à première vue surprenant, de l’idée d’une « nature humaine ». Je soutiens que c’est au sein même de la théorie pragmatiste des instincts que l’on trouve des arguments pour montrer que la nature humaine ne détermine pas univoquement la conduite. Bien comprendre la naturalité de l’être humain (...) suffit à défaire toute tentative pour l’ériger en source d’autorité des principes de la conduite. (shrink)

Local sustainable food systems have captured the popular imagination as a progressive, if not radical, pillar of a sustainable food future. Yet these grassroots innovations are embedded in a dominant food regime that reflects productivist, industrial, and neoliberal policies and institutions. Understanding the relationship between these emerging grassroots efforts and the dominant food regime is of central importance in any transition to a more sustainable food system. In this study, we examine the encounters of direct farm marketers with food safety (...) regulations and other government policies and the role of this interface in shaping the potential of local food in a wider transition to sustainable agri-food systems. This mixed methods research involved interview and survey data with farmers and ranchers in both the USA and Canada and an in-depth case study in the province of Manitoba. We identified four distinct types of interactions between government and farmers: containing, coopting, contesting, and collaborating. The inconsistent enforcement of food safety regulations is found to contain progressive efforts to change food systems. While government support programs for local food were helpful in some regards, they were often considered to be inadequate or inappropriate and thus served to coopt discourse and practice by primarily supporting initiatives that conform to more mainstream approaches. Farmers and other grassroots actors contested these food safety regulations and inadequate government support programs through both individual and collective action. Finally, farmers found ways to collaborate with governments to work towards mutually defined solutions. While containing and coopting reflect technologies of governmentality that reinforce the status quo, both collaborating and contesting reflect opportunities to affect or even transform the dominant regime by engaging in alternative economic activities as part of the ‘politics of possibility’. Developing a better understanding of the nature of these interactions will help grassroots movements to create effective strategies for achieving more sustainable and just food systems. (shrink)

S. Haber tente de montrer combien le projet de relire l’œuvre de Marx au prisme d’une réévaluation philosophique, en elle-même justifiée et féconde, des descriptions « phénoménologiques » de la souffrance sociale, le conduit non seulement à entériner, même s’il en inverse la téléologie, l’idée althussérienne d’une coupure épistémologique dans l’œuvre de Marx, mais aussi à interpréter différemment, pour cette raison même, les deux « moments » de la pensée marxienne et ce qui caractérise la transition de l’un a l’autre (...) : Les manuscrits de 1844 d’abord, dont Henry ne retiendrait que ce qu’ils doivent à Hegel, Le Capital ensuite, dont il méconnaitrait au contraire ce qu’il lui doit encore. C’est l’équation posée entre souffrance sociale/aliénation et praxis subjective qui est ici interrogée, sur l’horizon d’une théorie de l’« organisation collective », basée sur les concepts de « socialité » et de « coopération », minimisant du coup l’opérativité forte du concept phénoménologique de chair. (shrink)

Subjectivism about well-being holds that an object contributes to one's well-being to the extent that one has a pro-attitude toward this object under certain conditions. Most subjectivists have contended that these conditions should be ideal. One reason in favor of this idea is that when people adapt their pro-attitudes to situations of oppression, the levels of well-being they may attain is diminished. Nevertheless, I first argue that appealing to idealized conditions of autonomy or any other condition to erase or replace (...) adaptive pro-attitudes is mistaken. Second, I show that the most natural version of subjectivism that does not appeal to any such idealizing condition can explain why the well-being of people having adaptive pro-attitudes should not be restricted to the fulfillment of these pro-attitudes. In sum, the existence of adaptive preferences does not militate in favor of the introduction of conditions of idealization but against it. (shrink)

This work is divided in two papers (Part I and Part II). In Part I, we study a class of polymodal logics (herein called the class of "Rare-logics") for which the set of terms indexing the modal operators are hierarchized in two levels: the set of Boolean terms and the set of terms built upon the set of Boolean terms. By investigating different algebraic properties satisfied by the models of the Rare-logics, reductions for decidability are established by faithfully translating the (...) Rare-logics into more standard modal logics. The main idea of the translation consists in eliminating the Boolean terms by taking advantage of the components construction and in using various properties of the classes of semilattices involved in the semantics. The novelty of our approach allows us to prove new decidability results (presented in Part II), in particular for information logics derived from rough set theory and we open new perspectives to define proof systems for such logics (presented also in Part II). (shrink)

Studies on social influence bring us to fear that influence may alienate us and turn us into an agent of the will and desire of the other. This fear relies on a representation of the relationship of influence: it would be an asymmetrical relationship involving two basically opposite and complementary entities, the source and the target .If some experiments in social psychology demonstrate the effectiveness of some techniques of influence and manipulation, they must however be analysed in detail. Many experiments (...) and theories show that influence is not basically nonreciprocal. These works are neglected because they are too different from the imaginary representation of influence that dominates both social psychology and common sense. (shrink)

La prestigieuse collection de la Bibliothèque Augustinienne (BA) s’enrichit d’un nouveau volume entièrement dédié à l’un des tout premiers dialogues philosophiques d’Augustin, consacré à la question du scepticisme, le Contra Academicos. L’édition ancienne et minimaliste de René Jolivet (1939, BA 4/1) rendait cette nouvelle édition nécessaire. Anne-Isabelle Bouton-Touboulic (dorénavant ABT) livre ici un volume particulièrement complet : l’édition du texte latin et sa traduction (p. 265-535) so...

Foucault à Münsterlingen est un ouvrage collectif, dirigé par Jean-François Bert et Elizabetta Basso, respectivement sociologue et philosophe, spécialistes tous deux des archives, de la genèse et de la réception des œuvres de Foucault. Sept articles composent le volume, pour lequel d'autres philosophes spécialistes de Foucault, des historiennes des sciences intéressées aux médicaments psychotropes, des historiens des religions (Yann Dahhahoui...

Stéphane Vinolo | : Jean-Luc Marion a sans aucun doute révolutionné les études cartésiennes, mais nous trouvons aussi dans ses textes de nombreuses références à Spinoza. Malgré le rejet du Spinoza métaphysicien, la phénoménologie de la donation se construit dans un certain rapport à Spinoza, double rapport que nous essayons de mettre au jour. D’un côté, la conception du don que propose Marion nous permet de mieux interpréter Spinoza ; de l’autre, Marion trouve dans le système immanent de Spinoza, (...) de nombreuses lignes de fuite hors de la métaphysique. Ainsi, non seulement pouvons-nous utiliser la pensée de Marion comme principe herméneutique des textes de Spinoza, mais en plus nous permet-elle de questionner la place de Spinoza dans l’Histoire de la métaphysique. | : Jean‐Luc Marion has undoubtedly revolutionized Cartesian studies. But we also find, in his texts, numerous references to Spinoza. Despite his rejection of the metaphysical temptation of Spinoza, the phenomenology of givenness is built with a certain reference to Spinoza, a double reference that we will attempt to reveal. On the one hand, we are able to better interpret Spinoza through the conception of the gift as proposed by Marion ; on the other hand, Marion finds various lines of escape beyond metaphysics in Spinoza’s immanent system. Thus, not only can we use the thought of Marion as a hermeneutic principle for Spinoza’s texts, but it also allows us to determine the place of Spinoza in the history of metaphysics. (shrink)

Foucault’s Forgotten Marxism. This article tries to point out several methodological issues concerning Foucault’s Surveiller et punir, such as the equivocal status of some of Foucault’s main concepts, or the assumed homogeneity of the various disciplinary institutions analyzed in this book. And it aims at suggesting that such issues might find a solution, should one consider the Marxist background on which, as the Lectures at the Collège de France of the year 1973 clearly show, Foucault’s theories were dependant. In the (...) opinion of the author, only in as much as this heritage is accepted and seriously taken into account, shall Foucault’s concepts and theses regain their political and critical pertinence. (shrink)

While the paradigm of utility maximisation has formed the basis of the majority of applications in discrete choice modelling for over 40 years, its core assumptions have been questioned by work in both behavioural economics and mathematical psychology as well as more recently by developments in the RUM-oriented choice modelling community. This paper reviews the basic properties with a view to explaining the historical pre-eminence of utility maximisation and addresses the question of what departures from the paradigm may be necessary (...) or wise in order to accommodate richer behavioural patterns. We find that many, though not all, of the behavioural traits discussed in the literature can be approximated sufficiently closely by a random utility framework, allowing analysts to retain the many advantages that such an approach possesses. (shrink)

The present study tested the assumption that self-ratings, such as those used for measuring state anxiety, do not measure a one-dimensional transcendent entity but involve decisions based on a multi-dimensional judgment. Two groups of subjects were presented with a balanced nine-item state anxiety questionnaire. Each group received a different set of instructions (a standard set and an altered instruction set suggesting unidimensionality of the questions in the questionnaire). It was hypothesized that this change in instructions would impact the structure of (...) the data. The impact of the instructions was detectable at the level of the observed correlation between the negative and positive composites, Cohen's (1988) q=-0.27$. A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that positive and negative wording factors correlated more strongly when unidimensionality was suggested than when standard instructions were used, q=-0.54. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

Les pensées contemporaines de l’événement, tout comme la langue de tous, déterminent l’événement comme étant une exception sur l’ordre normal du monde. À la différence des faits, les événements ont un caractère exceptionnel qui provient pour l’essentiel de leur caractère assigné, adressé. Alors que les faits intramondains sont ouverts à tous, l’événement est toujours vécu à la première personne, de façon unique et non-itérable. Grâce à une lecture comparée des théories de l’événement de Claude Romano, Alain Badiou et Jean-Luc Marion, (...) nous questionnons ce problème de l’adresse et posons une adestination essentielle de l’événement, nous obligeant par là à penser non pas une exceptionnalité de l’événement mais au contraire sa grande banalité. (shrink)