Results for 'Tal Makovski'

907 found
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  1.  3
    Emotional stimuli boost incidental learning through predictive processing.Meital Friedman-Oskar, Tomer Sahar, Tal Makovski & Hadas Okon-Singer - forthcoming - Cognition and Emotion.
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  2. From data to phenomena and back again: computer-simulated signatures.Eran Tal - 2011 - Synthese 182 (1):117-129.
    This paper draws attention to an increasingly common method of using computer simulations to establish evidential standards in physics. By simulating an actual detection procedure on a computer, physicists produce patterns of data (‘signatures’) that are expected to be observed if a sought-after phenomenon is present. Claims to detect the phenomenon are evaluated by comparing such simulated signatures with actual data. Here I provide a justification for this practice by showing how computer simulations establish the reliability of detection procedures. I (...)
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  3.  2
    Leibniz et leibnizianismes.Jan Makovský (ed.) - 2019 - Prague: publié par Filosofický časopis et Filosofia, nakladatelství Filosofického ústavu AV ČR.
  4.  63
    The generalizability crisis.Tal Yarkoni - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e1.
    Most theories and hypotheses in psychology are verbal in nature, yet their evaluation overwhelmingly relies on inferential statistical procedures. The validity of the move from qualitative to quantitative analysis depends on the verbal and statistical expressions of a hypothesis being closely aligned – that is, that the two must refer to roughly the same set of hypothetical observations. Here, I argue that many applications of statistical inference in psychology fail to meet this basic condition. Focusing on the most widely used (...)
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  5.  25
    Rethinking future uncertainty in the shadow of COVID 19: Education, change, complexity and adaptability.Tal Gilead & Gideon Dishon - 2022 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 54 (6):822-833.
    The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 threw the world into an unexpected turmoil; schools were closed, exams cancelled, and educational systems were forced to react to deep and unexpected changes. In educational policy, however, the idea that we should prepare for an unknown, uncontrollable and risky future has been widely accepted long before the outbreak. Building on insights from complexity theory and the study of dynamic systems, the article critically examines how the standard educational response to future unpredictability, (...)
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  6. Self-Intimation, Infallibility, and Higher-Order Evidence.Eyal Tal - 2020 - Erkenntnis 85 (3):665-672.
    The Self-Intimation thesis has it that whatever justificatory status a proposition has, i.e., whether or not we are justified in believing it, we are justified in believing that it has that status. The Infallibility thesis has it that whatever justificatory status we are justified in believing that a proposition has, the proposition in fact has that status. Jointly, Self-Intimation and Infallibility imply that the justificatory status of a proposition closely aligns with the justification we have about that justificatory status. Self-Intimation (...)
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  7.  16
    Redundancy can benefit learning: Evidence from word order and case marking.Shira Tal & Inbal Arnon - 2022 - Cognition 224 (C):105055.
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  8. Disagreement and easy bootstrapping.Eyal Tal - 2021 - Episteme 18 (1):46-65.
    ABSTRACTShould conciliating with disagreeing peers be considered sufficient for reaching rational beliefs? Thomas Kelly argues that when taken this way, Conciliationism lets those who enter into a disagreement with an irrational belief reach a rational belief all too easily. Three kinds of responses defending Conciliationism are found in the literature. One response has it that conciliation is required only of agents who have a rational belief as they enter into a disagreement. This response yields a requirement that no one should (...)
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  9.  58
    Understanding visual consciousness in autism spectrum disorders.Tal Yatziv & Hilla Jacobson - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  10. Making Time: A Study in the Epistemology of Measurement.Eran Tal - 2016 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 67 (1):297-335.
    This article develops a model-based account of the standardization of physical measurement, taking the contemporary standardization of time as its central case study. To standardize the measurement of a quantity, I argue, is to legislate the mode of application of a quantity concept to a collection of exemplary artefacts. Legislation involves an iterative exchange between top-down adjustments to theoretical and statistical models regulating the application of a concept, and bottom-up adjustments to material artefacts in light of remaining gaps. The model-based (...)
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  11. Calibration: Modelling the measurement process.Eran Tal - 2017 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 65:33-45.
  12. Making Time: A Study in the Epistemology of Measurement.E. Tal - 2014 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science (1):axu037.
    This article develops a model-based account of the standardization of physical measurement, taking the contemporary standardization of time as its central case-study. To standardize the measurement of a quantity, I argue, is to legislate the mode of application of a quantity-concept to a collection of exemplary artefacts. Legislation involves an iterative exchange between top-down adjustments to theoretical and statistical models regulating the application of a concept, and bottom-up adjustments to material artefacts in light of remaining gaps. The model-based account clarifies (...)
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  13. The Epistemology of Measurement: A Model-based Account.Eran Tal - 2012 - Dissertation, University of Toronto
    This work develops an epistemology of measurement, that is, an account of the conditions under which measurement and standardization methods produce knowledge as well as the nature, scope, and limits of this knowledge. I focus on three questions: (i) how is it possible to tell whether an instrument measures the quantity it is intended to? (ii) what do claims to measurement accuracy amount to, and how might such claims be justified? (iii) when is disagreement among instruments a sign of error, (...)
     
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  14.  34
    Uncertainty and Expectation in Sentence Processing: Evidence From Subcategorization Distributions.Tal Linzen & T. Florian Jaeger - 2016 - Cognitive Science 40 (6):1382-1411.
    There is now considerable evidence that human sentence processing is expectation based: As people read a sentence, they use their statistical experience with their language to generate predictions about upcoming syntactic structure. This study examines how sentence processing is affected by readers' uncertainty about those expectations. In a self-paced reading study, we use lexical subcategorization distributions to factorially manipulate both the strength of expectations and the uncertainty about them. We compare two types of uncertainty: uncertainty about the verb's complement, reflecting (...)
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  15.  89
    Individuating quantities.Eran Tal - 2019 - Philosophical Studies 176 (4):853-878.
    When discrepancies are discovered between the outcomes of different measurement procedures, two sorts of explanation are open to scientists. Either some of the outcomes are inaccurate or the procedures are not measuring the same quantity. I argue that, due to the possibility of systematic error, the choice between and is underdetermined in principle by any possible evidence. Consequently, foundationalist criteria of quantity individuation are either empty or circular. I propose a coherentist, model-based account of measurement that avoids the underdetermination problem, (...)
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  16.  44
    Privacy and Manipulation in the Digital Age.Tal Z. Zarsky - 2019 - Theoretical Inquiries in Law 20 (1):157-188.
    The digital age brings with it novel forms of data flow. As a result, individuals are constantly being monitored while consuming products, services and content. These abilities have given rise to a variety of concerns, which are most often framed using “privacy” and “data protection”-related paradigms. An important, oft-noted yet undertheorized concern is that these dynamics might facilitate the manipulation of subjects; a process in which firms strive to motivate and influence individuals to take specific steps and make particular decisions (...)
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  17.  20
    How sequence learning unfolds: Insights from anticipatory eye movements.Amir Tal & Eli Vakil - 2020 - Cognition 201 (C):104291.
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  18.  29
    Animals, Arrogance and Unfathomably Deep Ecology.Tal Scriven - 1993 - Between the Species 9 (1):5.
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  19.  36
    Arendt et l'enfant: entre la perte et le salut.Tal Steinbrecher - 2007 - Revue Philosophique De Louvain 105 (1):107-131.
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  20. Contributors' Biographies.Daniel Bar Tal - 1991 - In William M. Kurtines & Jacob L. Gewirtz (eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum.
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  21.  99
    Two Myths of Representational Measurement.Eran Tal - 2021 - Perspectives on Science 29 (6):701-741.
    Axiomatic measurement theories are commonly interpreted as claiming that, in order to quantify an empirical domain, the qualitative structure of data about that domain must be mapped to a numerical structure. Such mapping is supposed to be established independently, i.e., without presupposing that the domain can be quantified. This interpretation is based on two myths: that it is possible to independently infer the qualitative structure of objects from empirical data, and that the adequacy of numerical representations can only be justified (...)
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  22.  16
    Rational Adaptation in Lexical Prediction: The Influence of Prediction Strength.Tal Ness & Aya Meltzer-Asscher - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Recent studies indicate that the processing of an unexpected word is costly when the initial, disconfirmed prediction was strong. This penalty was suggested to stem from commitment to the strongly predicted word, requiring its inhibition when disconfirmed. Additional studies show that comprehenders rationally adapt their predictions in different situations. In the current study, we hypothesized that since the disconfirmation of strong predictions incurs costs, it would also trigger adaptation mechanisms influencing the processing of subsequent strong predictions. In two experiments, participants (...)
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  23. Old and New Problems in Philosophy of Measurement.Eran Tal - 2013 - Philosophy Compass 8 (12):1159-1173.
    The philosophy of measurement studies the conceptual, ontological, epistemic, and technological conditions that make measurement possible and reliable. A new wave of philosophical scholarship has emerged in the last decade that emphasizes the material and historical dimensions of measurement and the relationships between measurement and theoretical modeling. This essay surveys these developments and contrasts them with earlier work on the semantics of quantity terms and the representational character of measurement. The conclusions highlight four characteristics of the emerging research program in (...)
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  24. The Trouble with Algorithmic Decisions: An Analytic Road Map to Examine Efficiency and Fairness in Automated and Opaque Decision Making.Tal Zarsky - 2016 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 41 (1):118-132.
    We are currently witnessing a sharp rise in the use of algorithmic decision-making tools. In these instances, a new wave of policy concerns is set forth. This article strives to map out these issues, separating the wheat from the chaff. It aims to provide policy makers and scholars with a comprehensive framework for approaching these thorny issues in their various capacities. To achieve this objective, this article focuses its attention on a general analytical framework, which will be applied to a (...)
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  25.  47
    Neurocognitive biases and the patterns of spontaneous correlations in the human cortex.Tal Harmelech & Rafael Malach - 2013 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 17 (12):606-615.
  26.  31
    The effect of object–valence relations on automatic evaluation.Tal Moran & Yoav Bar-Anan - 2013 - Cognition and Emotion 27 (4):743-752.
  27.  36
    Emotion Regulation through Movement: Unique Sets of Movement Characteristics are Associated with and Enhance Basic Emotions.Tal Shafir, Rachelle P. Tsachor & Kathleen B. Welch - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  28. The Impact of Information Structure on the Emergence of Differential Object Marking: An Experimental Study.Shira Tal, Kenny Smith, Jennifer Culbertson, Eitan Grossman & Inbal Arnon - 2022 - Cognitive Science 46 (3):e13119.
    Cognitive Science, Volume 46, Issue 3, March 2022.
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  29.  51
    Education and the Logic of Economic Progress.Tal Gilead - 2012 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 46 (1):113-131.
    Over the last few decades, the idea that education should function to promote economic progress has played a major role in shaping educational policy. So far, however, philosophers of education have shown relatively little interest in analysing this notion and its implications. The present article critically examines, from a philosophical perspective, the link between education and the currently prevailing understanding of economic progress, which is grounded in human capital theory. A number of familiar philosophical objections to the idea that economic (...)
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  30.  14
    Infant-directed speech becomes less redundant as infants grow: Implications for language learning.Shira Tal, Eitan Grossman & Inbal Arnon - 2024 - Cognition 249 (C):105817.
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  31. Taehak kungmin yulli.Tal-sun Yi - 1974 - Edited by Kang, Pu-pʻil & [From Old Catalog].
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  32.  37
    The effect of co-occurrence and relational information on speeded evaluation.Tal Moran & Yoav Bar-Anan - 2020 - Cognition and Emotion 34 (1):144-155.
    ABSTRACTAfter co-occurrence of a neutral conditioned stimulus with an affective unconditioned stimulus, the evaluation of the CS acquires the US valence. This effect disappears when infor...
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  33. Is Evidence of Evidence Evidence?Eyal Tal & Juan Comesaña - 2017 - Noûs 51 (1):95-112.
    We examine whether the "evidence of evidence is evidence" principle is true. We distinguish several different versions of the principle and evaluate recent attacks on some of those versions. We argue that, whatever the merits of those attacks, they leave the more important rendition of the principle untouched. That version is, however, also subject to new kinds of counterexamples. We end by suggesting how to formulate a better version of the principle that takes into account those new counterexamples.
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  34.  22
    Love thy neighbor: Facilitation and inhibition in the competition between parallel predictions.Tal Ness & Aya Meltzer-Asscher - 2021 - Cognition 207:104509.
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  35.  22
    Testing hypotheses without considering predictions.Tal Dagan & William Martin - 2007 - Bioessays 29 (5):500-503.
  36.  16
    Levinas and Camus: humanism for the twenty-first century.Tal Sessler - 2008 - New York: Continuum.
    This new work offers radical new study of Levinas and Camus, two leading thinkers of the 20th century.
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  37.  13
    Beyond the Limits of Control: On Education, Moral Luck, and Responsibility.Tal Gilead - 2014 - Philosophy of Education 70:54-56.
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  38. Louis Althusser, For Marx.Tal Meir Giladi (ed.) - 2018 - Tel Aviv: Resling.
     
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  39.  18
    Kant on the Category of Reality, the Law of Continuity, and Newton’s Derivation of Gravity.Tal Glezer - 2018 - In Violetta L. Waibel, Margit Ruffing & David Wagner (eds.), Natur und Freiheit: Akten des XII. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses. De Gruyter. pp. 1477-1484.
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  40.  42
    Caffeine-Induced Global Reductions in Resting-State BOLD Connectivity Reflect Widespread Decreases in MEG Connectivity.Omer Tal, Mithun Diwakar, Chi-Wah Wong, Valur Olafsson, Roland Lee, Ming-Xiong Huang & Thomas T. Liu - 2013 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7.
  41. Hannah Arendt on National Liberation, Violence, and Federalism.Tal Correm - 2019 - In Kei Hiruta (ed.), Arendt on Freedom, Liberation, and Revolution. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 139-169.
    Hannah Arendt’s critical acceptance of the Jewish national liberation movement and her support for the formation of a Jewish Army during the Second World War stand in contrast to her later critique of armed anticolonial struggles. I address this tension in three steps. First, I explain the role of violence in her theory of liberation. Next, I address the problem with liberation in terms of a sovereign nation-state and the alternative of federation. Finally, I return to the case of Jewish (...)
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  42.  7
    Contraction bias in temporal estimation.Noam Tal-Perry & Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg - 2022 - Cognition 229 (C):105234.
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  43. Guided school visits to natural history museums in Israel: Teachers' roles.Revital Tal, Yael Bamberger & Orly Morag - 2005 - Science Education 89 (6):920-935.
     
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  44. Measurement in Science.Eran Tal - 2015 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  45.  42
    A shared novelty-seeking basis for creativity and curiosity.Tal Ivancovsky, Shira Baror & Moshe Bar - 2024 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e89.
    Curiosity and creativity are central pillars of human growth and invention. Although they have been studied extensively in isolation, the relationship between them has not yet been established. We propose that both curiosity and creativity emanate from the same mechanism of novelty seeking. We first present a synthesis showing that curiosity and creativity are affected similarly by a number of key cognitive faculties such as memory, cognitive control, attention, and reward. We then review empirical evidence from neuroscience research, indicating that (...)
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  46. How Accurate Is the Standard Second?Eran Tal - 2011 - Philosophy of Science 78 (5):1082-1096.
    Contrary to the claim that measurement standards are absolutely accurate by definition, I argue that unit definitions do not completely fix the referents of unit terms. Instead, idealized models play a crucial semantic role in coordinating the theoretical definition of a unit with its multiple concrete realizations. The accuracy of realizations is evaluated by comparing them to each other in light of their respective models. The epistemic credentials of this method are examined and illustrated through an analysis of the contemporary (...)
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  47.  50
    (1 other version)Cognitive neuroscience 2.0: building a cumulative science of human brain function.Tor D. Wager Tal Yarkoni, Russell A. Poldrack, David C. Van Essen - 2010 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 14 (11):489.
  48.  39
    Conceptualizing distributive justice in education: a complexity theory perspective.Tal Gilead - 2023 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 57 (2):495-516.
    Over the last two decades, complexity theory, which is designed to deal with systems of multiple interdependent variables, has been increasingly applied to analyse and shed light on various aspects of education. So far, however, complexity theory has rarely been used, if at all, to examine questions related to educational justice. This article offers a theoretical examination of some possible links between complexity theory and distributive justice in education. It asks how accepting the premise that education is a complex dynamic (...)
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  49. Is higher-order evidence evidence?Eyal Tal - 2020 - Philosophical Studies 178 (10):3157-3175.
    Suppose we learn that we have a poor track record in forming beliefs rationally, or that a brilliant colleague thinks that we believe P irrationally. Does such input require us to revise those beliefs whose rationality is in question? When we gain information suggesting that our beliefs are irrational, we are in one of two general cases. In the first case we made no error, and our beliefs are rational. In that case the input to the contrary is misleading. In (...)
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  50.  14
    Association Between White Matter Microstructure and Verbal Fluency in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Tal Blecher, Shmuel Miron, Galit Grimberg Schneider, Anat Achiron & Michal Ben-Shachar - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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