We study and compare two combinatorial lowness notions: strong jump-traceability and well-approximability of the jump, by strengthening the notion of jump-traceability and super-lowness for sets of natural numbers. A computable non-decreasing unbounded function h is called an order function. Informally, a set A is strongly jump-traceable if for each order function h, for each input e one may effectively enumerate a set Te of possible values for the jump JA, and the number of values enumerated is at most h. A′ (...) is well-approximable if can be effectively approximated with less than h changes at input x, for each order function h. We prove that there is a strongly jump-traceable set which is not computable, and that if A′ is well-approximable then A is strongly jump-traceable. For r.e. sets, the converse holds as well. We characterize jump-traceability and strong jump-traceability in terms of Kolmogorov complexity. We also investigate other properties of these lowness properties. (shrink)

RESUMO Neste artigo, busca-se desenvolver um exercício de elucubração sobre o conceito de “ordinário do sentido”, proposto inicialmente por Michel Pêcheux. O conceito, contudo, não foi plenamente desenvolvido devido à morte prematura do filósofo francês em 1983. Assim, o que se pretende é conjecturar o que poderia ser este “ordinário do sentido”. Para tal, em acordo com as sugestões de Pêcheux, segue-se explorando a “análise da linguagem ordinária”, conforme proposto por Ludwig Wittgenstein, e sua reinterpretação culturalista elaborada por Michel de (...) Certeau nas “artes de fazer” cotidianas. Ao final do percurso, chega-se a duas hipóteses: a primeira é que o “ordinário do sentido” não configuraria um “aspecto” do sentido (ou a inclusão de novos objetos, como conversas etc.), mas sim um novo paradigma para se exercer a análise de discursos a partir de um “materialismo prático”; a segunda é que pensar o sentido em sua via ordinária faz com o que a análise do discurso tenha de levar em conta as práticas discursivas e seus diagramas de ação. Como singela homenagem às mais de 660 mil vítimas da covid-19 no Brasil, a discussão em torno dos jogos de linguagem e das práticas cotidianas será balizada pela leitura de um post do Memorial Inumeráveis em uma de suas redes sociais. (shrink)

O artigo científico visa esclarecer acerca do judicial review com enfoque no originalismo e no interpretativismo. Neste trabalho pretendemos demonstrar ser o interpretativismo um construto da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos oriundo do precedente Brown. Em primeiro lugar, examinaremos os precedentes da Suprema Corte, cujos fundamentos foram obtidos a partir da corrente originalista, até chegarmos ao citado caso Brown e em seguida analisaremos filosoficamente o precedente. Em conclusão, antes se buscava a intenção original do constituinte, no entanto, modernamente, almeja-se controlar (...) a constitucionalidade com parâmetro nos princípios constitucionais. (shrink)

RESUMOO artigo científico visa esclarecer a fundamentação kantiana da doutrina da incorporação do Bill of Rights. A Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos estendeu o Bill of Rights aos Estados. Neste trabalho pretendemos demonstrar a fundamentação kantiana na doutrina da incorporação do Bill of Rights, abordando a corrente filosófica do utilitarismo e do contratualismo. Em primeiro lugar, examinaremos o precedente da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) e em seguida analisaremos filosoficamente o precedente. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos (...) esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e descritiva, uma revisão de literaturas por meio de livros, revistas especializadas e periódicos.Palavras-Chave: Bill of Rights; Doutrina da Incorporação; Utilitarismo; Contratualismo; Imperativo categórico kantiano. ABSTRACTThe scientific article aims to clarify the Kantian foundation of the doctrine of incorporation of the Bill of Rights. The United States Supreme Court has extended the Bill of Rights to the states. In this paper we intend to demonstrate the Kantian grounding in the doctrine of incorporation of the Bill of Rights, addressing the philosophical current of utilitarianism and contractualism. First, we will examine the precedent of the United States Supreme Court Gideon v. Wainwright and then we will philosophically analyze the precedent. Regarding the methodological procedures this research is characterized as qualitative and descriptive, literature review through books.Keywords: Bill of rights; Doctrine of Incorporation; Utilitarianism; Contractualism; Kantian categorical imperative. (shrink)

RESUMO Neste artigo, busca-se desenvolver um exercício de elucubração sobre o conceito de “ordinário do sentido”, proposto inicialmente por Michel Pêcheux. O conceito, contudo, não foi plenamente desenvolvido devido à morte prematura do filósofo francês em 1983. Assim, o que se pretende é conjecturar o que poderia ser este “ordinário do sentido”. Para tal, em acordo com as sugestões de Pêcheux, segue-se explorando a “análise da linguagem ordinária”, conforme proposto por Ludwig Wittgenstein, e sua reinterpretação culturalista elaborada por Michel de (...) Certeau nas “artes de fazer” cotidianas. Ao final do percurso, chega-se a duas hipóteses: a primeira é que o “ordinário do sentido” não configuraria um “aspecto” do sentido (ou a inclusão de novos objetos, como conversas etc.), mas sim um novo paradigma para se exercer a análise de discursos a partir de um “materialismo prático”; a segunda é que pensar o sentido em sua via ordinária faz com o que a análise do discurso tenha de levar em conta as práticas discursivas e seus diagramas de ação. Como singela homenagem às mais de 660 mil vítimas da covid-19 no Brasil, a discussão em torno dos jogos de linguagem e das práticas cotidianas será balizada pela leitura de um post do Memorial Inumeráveis em uma de suas redes sociais. (shrink)

Feminist critiques of the social sciences are based on the assumption that because the social sciences were developed for the most part by white, middle-class, Western men, the perspectives of women were ignored. This book offers an approach for integrating gender-related content into the social work curriculum. The distinguished contributors discuss the shortcoming of dominant knowledge, address the pressing need for a gender-integrated curriculum, consider the pedagogies consistent with the implementation of an integrate curriculum, address specific areas in social work (...) education, assessing content, and assumptions, and discuss strategic issues for the implementation of curricular knowledge. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:...

Luke Ong, Carlos Areces, Santiago Figueira and Ruy de Queiroz The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, Volume 19, Issue 3, Page 425-426, September 2013.

We consider the question of randomness of the probability ΩU[X] that an optimal Turing machine U halts and outputs a string in a fixed set X. The main results are as follows: ΩU[X] is random whenever X is $\Sigma _{n}^{0}$-complete or $\Pi _{n}^{0}$-complete for some n ≥ 2. However, for n ≥ 2, ΩU[X] is not n-random when X is $\Sigma _{n}^{0}$ or $\Pi _{n}^{0}$ Nevertheless, there exists $\Delta _{n+1}^{0}$ sets such that ΩU[X] is n-random. There are $\Delta _{2}^{0}$ sets (...) X such that ΩU[X] is rational. Also, for every n ≥ 1, there exists a set X which is $\Delta _{n+1}^{0}$ and $\Sigma _{n}^{0}$-hard such that ΩU[X] is not random. We also look at the range of ΩU as an operator. We prove that the set {ΩU[X]: X ⊆ 2<ω} is a finite union of closed intervals. It follows that for any optimal machine U and any sufficiently small real r, there is a set X ⊆ 2<ω recursive in ∅′ ⊕ r, such that ΩU[X] = r. The same questions are also considered in the context of infinite computations, and lead to similar results. (shrink)

We define a program size complexity function $H^\infty$ as a variant of the prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity, based on Turing monotone machines performing possibly unending computations. We consider definitions of randomness and triviality for sequences in ${\{0,1\}}^\omega$ relative to the $H^\infty$ complexity. We prove that the classes of Martin-Löf random sequences and $H^\infty$-random sequences coincide and that the $H^\infty$-trivial sequences are exactly the recursive ones. We also study some properties of $H^\infty$ and compare it with other complexity functions. In particular, $H^\infty$ (...) is different from $H^A$, the prefix-free complexity of monotone machines with oracle A. (shrink)

In this paper we study the Kolmogorov complexity for non-effective computations, that is, either halting or non-halting computations on Turing machines. This complexity function is defined as the length of the shortest input that produce a desired output via a possibly non-halting computation. Clearly this function gives a lower bound of the classical Kolmogorov complexity. In particular, if the machine is allowed to overwrite its output, this complexity coincides with the classical Kolmogorov complexity for halting computations relative to the first (...) jump of the halting problem. However, on machines that cannot erase their output –called monotone machines–, we prove that our complexity for non effective computations and the classical Kolmogorov complexity separate as much as we want. We also consider the prefix-free complexity for possibly infinite computations. We study several properties of the graph of these complexity functions and specially their oscillations with respect to the complexities for effective computations. (shrink)

The aim of the present paper is to show the results of one chapter of my Doctorate thesis about Thasian black-figure pottery as archaeologically contextualized documents, being part of the votive objects offered at female sanctuaries, especially the Artemision of Thassos. This paper is centered on Thassos, an island situated in the Northern Aegean, settled by Greeks from Paros. We focus on the Archaic Period, more specifically on the sixth century BC, the peak of local production. Departing from the archaeological (...) contexts through excavation reports, we analyze significant social and religious connections among votive materials associated with the Thasian black-figure pottery. These connections brought us elements that allowed us to interpret the multiculturalism imbricated within the objects, the mimicry and the innovations in the decoration of this black-figure pottery, as well as the particular demand in quantitative terms of a type of vessel called lekane, an object that was loaded with information and religious and apotropaic meaning. In addition, those same elements also showed us traits that reveal votive practices, judging by the way the pottery was exhibited, and its decorative features, which to date are only attested in Thassos. The research revealed intrinsic relationships linked to the diverse facets of Artemis, from a goddess protecting the rites of passage to the protection of women in childbirth, as seen in the black-figure pottery, amulets and other apotropaic objects. Moreover, it demonstrated that the multiple facets of Artemis, as protector of women, act in many spheres, such the civic-religious space in connection with the oíkos and social order, the possibility of a good childbirth and the social position of women in Thassos from the Archaic period. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por finalidade avaliar o problema intuicionista com as provas não construtivas na matemática. Para esta posição construtivista o princípio do terceiro excluído, da lógica clássica, não deve operar sobre demonstrações matemáticas. As provas não construtivas não são aceitas, sendo as provas construtivas as únicas com caráter positivo. Após uma breve introdução ao intuicionismo e seu idealizador, o artigo abordará a relação entre o princípio do terceiro excluído e as provas na matemática, para assim falar sobre o (...) problema das provas não construtivas e da consequência em não aceitá-las. Ao tomar a matemática unicamente como um empreendimento de construção mental, o intuicionismo quebra com o realismo platônico dominante e estabelece um debate frutífero sobre os fundamentos da matemática. (shrink)

We investigate the expressive power of memory logics. These are modal logics extended with the possibility to store (or remove) the current node of evaluation in (or from) a memory, and to perform membership tests on the current memory. From this perspective, the hybrid logic (↓), for example, can be thought of as a particular case of a memory logic where the memory is an indexed list of elements of the domain.

In this work, we study Hilbert-style proof systems for logics based on the data-aware language CoreDataXPath(↓) where the comparison relation between nodes is not necessarily an equivalence relation. We give a sound and complete axiomatization of the class of tree-like Kripke frames endowed with a general comparison relation between nodes. Modular extensions of this axiomatization are also discussed, including cases where the comparison relation is reflexive, symmetric, transitive and an equivalence. A notable highlight that we recover an axiomatization for CoreDataXPath(↓) (...) over any data-tree when the comparison is by ‘equal data’. Moreover, we prove that all these systems are decidable by leveraging the finite model property of their corresponding frame classes. (shrink)

This state of the art collection offers fresh perspectives on why intersections between literature, religion, and ethics can address the fault lines of modernity and are not necessarily the cause of modernity's 'faults.' From a diverse cohort of scholars from around the world, with appointments in comparative literature and other disciplines, the essays suggest that the imagined hegemony of a Judeo-Christian Western project is neither exclusively true nor productive. However, the essays also suggest that elements of the Western religious traditions (...) are important vectors for understanding modernity's complicated relationship to the past. (shrink)

In this work, we study Hilbert-style proof systems for logics based on the data-aware language CoreDataXPath(↓) where the comparison relation between nodes is not necessarily an equivalence relation. We give a sound and complete axiomatization of the class of tree-like Kripke frames endowed with a general comparison relation between nodes. Modular extensions of this axiomatization are also discussed, including cases where the comparison relation is reflexive, symmetric, transitive and an equivalence. A notable highlight that we recover an axiomatization for CoreDataXPath(↓) (...) over any data-tree when the comparison is by ‘equal data’. Moreover, we prove that all these systems are decidable by leveraging the finite model property of their corresponding frame classes. (shrink)

Este breve artigo traz em seu bojo a articulaçáo da compreensáo physiologica do corpo-carne em Epicuro com a Techne he Ietrike (Medicina Antiga), com vistas a mostrar o ethos (carater) comum à medicina e a filosofia na antiguidade.

Resenha do livro "Morte", de Giovanni Casertano.