Formal topology aims at developing general topology in intuitionistic and predicative mathematics. Many classical results of general topology have been already brought into the realm of constructive mathematics by using formal topology and also new light on basic topological notions was gained with this approach which allows distinction which are not expressible in classical topology. Here we give a systematic exposition of one of the main tools in formal topology: inductive generation. In fact, many formal topologies can be presented in (...) a predicative way by an inductive generation and thus their properties can be proved inductively. We show however that some natural complete Heyting algebra cannot be inductively defined. (shrink)

While "natural history" is practically synonymous with the name of Buffon, the term itself has been otherwise overlooked by historians of science. This essay attempts to address this omission by investigating the meanings of "physique," "natural philosophy," and "history," among other terms, with the purpose of understanding Buffon's actual objectives. It also shows that Buffon never claimed to be a Newtonian and should not be considered as such; the goal is to provide a historical analysis that resituates Buffon's thought within (...) his own era. This is done, primarily, by eschewing the often-studied question of time in Buffon. Instead, this study examines the nontemporal meanings of the word "history" within the naturalist's theory and method. The title of his Natural History is examined both as an indicator of the kind of science that Buffon was hoping to achieve and as a source of great misinterpretation among his peers. Unlike Buffon, many of his contemporaries actually envisioned the study of nature from a Baconian perspective where history was restricted to the mere collection of facts and where philosophy, which was the implicit and ultimate goal of studying nature, was seen, at least for the present, as unrealizable. Buffon confronts this tendency insofar as his Histoire naturelle claims to be the real physique that, along with describing nature, also sought to identify general laws and provide clear insight into what true knowledge of nature is or should be. According to Buffon, history (both natural and civil) is not analogous to mathematics; it is a nonmathematical method whose scope encompasses both nature and society. This methodological stance gives rise to the "physicization" of certain moral concepts--a gesture that was interpreted by his contemporaries as Epicurean and atheist. In addition, Buffon reduces a number of metaphysically tainted historical concepts (e.g., antediluvian monuments) to objects of physical analysis, thereby confronting the very foundation of natural theology. In Buffon, as this essay makes clear, natural history is paving the way for a new physique (science of natural beings), independent from mathematics and from God, that treats naturalia in a philosophical and "historical" manner that is not necessarily "temporal. ". (shrink)

Pauchant's book emerges from a forum on International Management, Ethics, and Spirituality, the first of its kind to be held at an internationally recognized business school, and represents the thinking of six CEOs and six scholars of ethics and spirituality from Australia, Canada, the United States, and Switzerland.

Valorising the biocultural heritage of common goods could enable peasant farmers to achieve socially and economically inclusive sustainability. Increasingly appreciated by consumers, peasant heritage products offer small farmers promising opportunities for economic, social and territorial development. Identifying the obstacles and levers of this complex, multi-scale and multi-stakeholder objective requires an integrative framework. We applied the panarchy conceptual framework to two cases of participatory research with small quinoa producers: a local fair in Chile and quinoa export production in Bolivia. In both (...) cases, the “commoning” process was crucial both to bring stakeholders together inside their communities and to gain outside recognition for their production and thus achieve social and economic inclusion. Despite the differences in scale, the local fair and the export market shared a similar marketing strategy based on short value chains promoting quality products with high identity value. In these dynamics of biocultural heritage valorisation, the panarchical approach revealed the central place as well as the vulnerability of the community territory. As a place of both anchoring and opening, the community territory is the privileged space where autonomous and consensual control over the governance of common biocultural resources can be exercised. (shrink)

Nous entendons relever un défilancé par Erwin Panofsky, en montrant que la genèse d’une conception moderne et créatrice de l’art passe aussi par le platonisme et sa translatio renaissante. Cette réélaboration se paye cependant d’un prix métaphysique lourd : l’oblitération du noûs dans la hiérarchie des êtres et la dégradation de la noétique néoplatonicienne en une psychique de l’idea. Nous étudions ici comment l’âme, dans la Theologia platonica de Marsile Ficin, assume les trois grands prédicats traditionnellement attachés au noûs : (...) vie, être et intelligence ; et comment, surtout, sur cette base métaphysique, a pu émerger une théorie créatrice de l’idea, libérée de la tutelle de l’intellect – théorie qui met en œuvre une relation de la noétique à la poétique inversée par rapport au célèbre schéma aristotélicien de Métaphysique Thèta, 7, et qui initie ce que l’on pourrait appeler « noétique démiurgique ». (shrink)

Résumé Flaubert a su imposer à la littérature française une esthétique dont on dit volontiers qu’elle a révolutionné la littérature française. En son temps, pourtant, ses œuvres connaissent un succès mitigé et les romans de son ami, Maxime Du Camp, sont mieux côtés. Or, l’esthétique de l’un entre en concurrence avec la production de l’autre jusqu’à la réduire à l’oubli. C’est donc cette rivalité qu’il nous plaît d’interroger pour mieux comprendre ce qu’est une œuvre et les conditions requises d’une disparition (...) subie et peut-être injuste. (shrink)

L’œuvre de Copernic est à la fois tournée vers l’avenir par le système héliocentrique du monde qu’elle inaugure, et vers le passé par sa fidélité au principe du mouvement réel circulaire et uniforme des astres, hérité de Ptolémée, et à la conception du monde fini ayant pour limite la sphère des fixes et hiérarchisé ayant pour centre le Soleil, héritée des Pythagoriciens. Dès lors, est-elle à bon droit nommée « révolution copernicienne » selon l’expression consacrée ou bien doit-elle être rigoureusement (...) pensée comme réforme de l’astronomie ptoléméenne? La question engage la remise en chantier du concept de révolution scientifique. Celle-ci est-elle, selon son concept kuhnien, un changement de paradigme pour un groupe scientifique dans un domaine de recherche – auquel cas l’œuvre de Copernic serait une révolution scientifique en substituant au paradigme géocentrique de l’astronomie son paradigme héliocentrique? Ou bien est-elle, selon Kant qui a élaboré le premier son concept, une transformation dans la façon de penser, qui instaure une science – auquel cas cette œuvre serait bien plutôt une réforme scientifique, l’astronomie étant une science déjà instaurée dans l’Antiquité? (shrink)

In times of social and moral crises, sport has often been called to boost individual moral development. By the same token, outdoor activities are viewed as good educational practices to enhance environmental responsibility. However, the present paper argues that these physical activities are currently following the same technological development trend as the mainstream society, and challenges this trend itself in terms of sustainability by critically asking this question: Do outdoor activities really enhance environmental responsibility? The research supporting this paper is (...) based on a qualitative inquiry using interviews with outdoor activities practitioners: mountain guides and white water sports instructors. The findings of this research show that environmental responsibility development depends on the sport contexts. It is fostered in slow and none-technological activities and lowered in fast and technological activities. The paper concludes with the following paradox reached by the preliminary research results: the birth of modern technology calls for greater need of environmental responsibility, but it may also prevent its development at the same time. (shrink)

Liang Shuming, considered to be the Last Confucian, was a Buddhist.

This paper revisits Fleeming Jenkin’s anonymous review of Charles Darwin’s _Origin of Species_, published in the _North British Review_ in June 1867. This review is usually revered for its impact on Darwin’s theory of descent with modification. Its classical interpretation states that Jenkin, a Professor of Engineering at the University of Edinburgh, made a compelling case against natural selection based on the fact of “blending inheritance” and the “swamping” of advantageous variations. Those themes, however, are strikingly absent from Jenkin’s text. (...) They were later read into Jenkin’s text by scholars trying to explain how Darwinian selection was reconciled with Mendelian genes and the birth of the Modern Synthesis. While many scholars have tried to measure Jenkin’s effect on Darwin, the value of the 1867 review remains unclear. This paper re-examines its content and concludes that Jenkin’s “able review” was in fact written by an engineer whose competencies in biology were very low. Focusing on the figure of the shipwrecked white sailor isolated on an island inhabited by Black people, this paper also underlines the racial assumptions behind Jenkin’s review. “Blending inheritance” is thus a theme linked to theoretical reworkings on the question of race and skin colors, taking its root in Galton’s typology of heredity. Darwin was probably mostly unimpressed by Jenkin’s review. The problems raised by the review were not so much “blending inheritance” and “swamping” but a conundrum of problems related to the effects of intercrossing on variation and reversion. (shrink)

Presenting a series of historical portraits of Bantu, Thierry Secretan recounts his investigation into the compounds that housed the black labor of the gold mines of the Rand, around Johannesburg. The use of a « pass » to control the black miners prefigured the apartheid system. From 1904 to 1939,Alfred Martin Duggan-Cronin, an Irish guard at one of the compounds, began to photograph the different kind of people doing the hard labor in the mines. The results were some 7200 (...) exposures and working prints, on 13 /18 cm negatives. Hundreds of enlargements were exhibited from 1925 onward in a gallery in his own home in Kimberley. These photographs were rediscovered in 1998 by Thierry Secretan, who is still attempting to save them front slow destruction: they constitute an extraordinary catalogue of the Bantu cultures. (shrink)

. The effort in providing constructive and predicative meaning to non-constructive modes of reasoning has almost without exception been applied to theories with full classical logic [4]. In this paper we show how to combine unrestricted countable choice, induction on infinite well-founded trees and restricted classical logic in constructively given models. These models are sheaf models over a $\sigma$ -complete Boolean algebra, whose topologies are generated by finite or countable covering relations. By a judicious choice of the Boolean algebra we (...) can directly extract effective content from $\Pi_2^0$ -statements true in the model. All the arguments of the present paper can be formalised in Martin-Löf's constructive type theory with generalised inductive definitions. (shrink)

Résumé La « question de l’animal » est au cœur des débats contemporains sur la subjectivité moderne et sa déconstruction. En prenant pour point de départ les références de Jacques Derrida à la plaidoirie de Montaigne pour les animaux de l’« Apologie de Raimond Sebond », nous tentons de montrer les différences de fond qui opposent les projets des deux penseurs. Pour Derrida, l’animal se présente au sujet humain comme une figure de l’altérité radicale, interdisant toute tentative d’établir une continuité (...) homogène. Tout en mettant le rationaliste dogmatiste au défi de connaître les « ressorts internes » qui animent les animaux, Montaigne souligne aussi l’homogénéité des comportements animaux et humains et la parenté qui les unit, tous deux étant assujettis, quoique sous des modalités différentes, à une même nature. L’animal représente enfin, selon Montaigne, un modèle pour l’homme, celui d’une appropriation à soi et à sa condition corporelle. (shrink)

L’Introduction à l’analyse des lignes courbes algébriques de Gabriel Cramer, paru en 1750, a tout de suite bénéficié du soutien de D’Alembert qui l’a inclus dans les références bibliographiques de ses articles de mathématiques de l’Encyclopédie portant sur les courbes. Ainsi choisi et légitimé par l’entreprise encyclopédique et ses reprises, l’ouvrage de Cramer devient objet patrimonial au tournant du xixe siècle pour les mathématiciens, amateurs, professionnels ou enseignants qui travaillent sur les courbes algébriques. Le suivi sur le temps long des (...) mentions de l’Introduction dans les encyclopédies, dictionnaires ou histoires des mathématiques en langue française, ainsi que dans quelques textes d’enseignement, nous permettra de comprendre que ce processus de patrimonialisation n’induit pas sa conservation, sa protection, sa valorisation à de seules fins mémorielles, en figeant l’ouvrage dans un passé immuable. Au contraire, il permet une historicisation critique de la part des acteurs qui les met en position d’interroger et de réactualiser les connaissances et les pratiques que l’œuvre contient, au gré des mouvements d’émergence, de réorganisation et des spécialisations des savoirs mathématiques, quitte à en oublier certains aspects pour en mettre de nouveaux en valeur. (shrink)

During the Renaissance, as an age of transition, the political idea of empire (a legacy of the Middle Ages) is subject to a series of evolutions leading to the modern reality of a large market, gradually coordinating national economies and their influence networks. Do these evolutions allow us to speak of an « economical version of the empire »? Can we view this process, described through the geopolitical relationships of the Renaissance, as a prefiguration of modern globalization? This paper deals (...) with these questions from various points of view, in order to prove that the Renaissance idea of empire undergoes « metamorphosis », or evolutions, which modify its concept, regarding notably the relationship between domination and territoriality. (shrink)

This article compares four ways of thinking corporate responsibility. When corporate responsibility is defined by its function, firm’s moral obligations are limited to obligations imposed on it by its function, whatever its capacity (strict functionalism), or as far as it is compatible with its effective capacity (compatibilist functionalism). When corporate responsibility is defined by its capacity, firms’ moral obligations are limited to obligations which its power imposes on it, whatever its function (strict capacitarism), or insofar as it is compatible with (...) the respect of its specific function (compatibilist capacitarism). Due to the impossibility of perfectly aligning moral tasks with social tasks and of reducing all general obligations to specific obligations, capacitarism seems more convincing than functionalism. Because of the indispensability of a division of (moral) labor, compatibilist capacitarism seems more robust than strict capacitarism. (shrink)

This article is about the concept of professional transition that is a specific moment in the careers that are no longer linear. We characterize professional transitions from the explanation of the activity in mobilizing a dual theoretical framework: the one of professional didactics and the other of communicative action (Habermas). Respondents subjects are nurses who become health health framework in care unit. The main results presented show that this transition has value for each test subject so that they dominate unusual (...) work situations, potential source of professional development. These professional situations demand new skills and the development of professional identity. (shrink)

Simone Weil (1909-1943) foi filósofa, escritora, ativista política e humanista. Nasceu em Paris, no seio de família judaica. Formou-se em filosofia pela Université de Sorbonne e se tornou a primeira mulher catedrática da França. Militou fervorosamente pela causa dos trabalhadores fabris e, posteriormente, lutou na Guerra Civil Espanhola. Faleceu aos trinta e quatro anos por motivos de saúde.[1] [1] Para mais informações, vide texto disponível em:. Acesso em: 25 de junho de 2019.

Plusieurs de ceux qui présentent des problèmes de santé mentale se retrouvent dans le système judiciaire. Leur profil clinique se caractérise par une problématique complexe où se juxtaposent divers troubles ou déficits. Il n’est pas toujours facile de dépister ces personnes et d’intervenir auprès d’elles dans le cadre du processus judiciaire et pénal, qui n’est pas conçu pour répondre à leurs besoins cliniques. De son côté, le réseau de la santé et des services sociaux semble lui aussi peu adapté pour (...) intervenir auprès de cette clientèle marginale, souvent réfractaire à l’aide et parfois intimidante. Ces deux réseaux fonctionnent en parallèle, très peu familiers l’un de l’autre. Ils ont tendance à se renvoyer cette clientèle problématique. L’État doit s’assurer de soutenir et de coordonner des services qui peuvent rejoindre et aider ces personnes. (shrink)

Résumé Quelques groupes religieux et mouvements de pensée du monde turc, en Asie et en Europe, cultivent, depuis plusieurs siècles, une vision originale de la nature dans laquelle les vieilles croyances animistes et chamanistes, et même bouddhistes des nomades sont combinées à la philosophie arabe d’ obédience néoplatonicienne et à la mystique musulmane (soufisme). Cette vision, qui n’est pas du reste homogène puisqu’elle connaît plusieurs variantes, établit que toutes les créatures animées et inanimées – humain, animaux, plantes et pierres – (...) sont les réceptacles d’une même « énergie vitale » et qu’elles sont en conséquence intimement liées les unes aux autres, et même susceptibles de migrer vers chacun de leurs modes d’être respectifs, animal, végétal ou minéral ; de là l’existence d’hommes-pierres, d’hommes-arbres et d’hommes-animaux. Cet article se propose de faire la généalogie de cette vision de la nature et d’en étudier l’influence actuelle, en portant une attention particulière à l’« éthique de l’environnement » ( çevre ahlakï ) qu’elle a inspirée, ces dernières années, en Turquie. (shrink)

Jesuits in China adopted key Confucian terms to express Christian notions; for example, Tian 天 or Shangdi 上帝 was considered an equivalent for God, and guishen 鬼神 for angels. A Terms controversy started among the Jesuits and other missionaries and developed into the famous Rites Controversy. However, all the missionaries agreed in rejecting the Neo-Confucian concept of Taiji 太極, which was believed to be materialistic, pantheistic, or atheistic. The Flemish Jesuit François Noël, after a careful study of Neo-Confucian texts, interpreted (...) Taiji with the Western concept of nature, and even claimed that it held theistic meaning. We shall analyze and evaluate here this early Western attempt in giving a positive meaning to Taiji. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage a pour enjeu de débattre du schéma théorique forgé par Alfred Schütz, promoteur de l'idée de sociologie phénoménologique (puisant son cadre analytique dans une lecture de la sociologie compréhensive weberienne, de la philosophie de la durée bergsonienne, et de la phénoménologie husserlienne). Les catégories princeps de la recherche sont dès lors celles de conscience, de temporalité et de signification. La structure phénoménologique de l'expérience sociale, l'essence de la compréhension intersubjective, les perspectives offertes par les tenants d'une sociologie formiste (...) en matière d'entendement de l'interaction, sont les thèmes majeurs de ce débat. Dans le cadre de cette lecture, Thierry Blin tente d'établir les principes d'une sociologie phénoménologique formiste ou structurale, permettant ainsi de fonder à nouveaux frais une sociologie de l'action. (shrink)

L’article envisage d’abord les conditions et conséquences d’une ressaisie proprement philosophique du concept sociologique d’artification. Trois propositions en découlent. 1˚) Contrairement à l’approche sociologique de l’artification, cette ressaisie relève d’une problématique de la légitimation (mais on parle alors de légitimation spécifiquement théorique et non pas idéologique). 2˚) La question de l’artification suppose une définition spéculative de l’art, laquelle possède nécessairement une vertu normative. 3˚) Seules des pratiques peuvent subir un processus d’artification, et non des objets (à moins de les considérer (...) en tant que fonctions d’une pratique). On passe ensuite à la question de la « transposabilité » historique et culturelle du concept d’artification. Dans une optique sociologique, ce sont les pratiques contemporaines voire actuelles qui, pour l’essentiel, retiennent l’attention. Mais la présence même d’objets anciens et non-occidentaux dans nos musées d’art invite à réfléchir à la manière dont ils sont ou peuvent être qualifiés d’artistiques (ou requalifiés comme tels) ; il s’agit aussi de se pencher sur les processus apparentés à l’artification dans les cultures étrangères à la modernité occidentale. (shrink)

Thierry Patrice, 57 ans, médecin, nommé professeur à 32 ans, Lauréat de la Faculté, est internationalement connu pour ses travaux concernant l'action de la lumière sur les tissus vivant en cancérologie. Il a reçu plusieurs Prix pour l'étude du rôle de l'oxygène dans différentes maladies, dont le diabète, mais aussi lors du vieillissement.

continent. 2.3 (2012): 224–228 Introduction Jamie Allen Thierry Geoffroy’s conceptual, event- and environment-based art practice has generated over two-decades of definitional activity around what he terms “format art.” The works re-galvanize the energies of a syndicatable, open and atmospheric arrangement, of varying specifics dependent on context, participants and environment. With formats like the Emergency Room, Biennalist, and the Critical Run, Geoffroy endeavors to imbricate art and artist in the most exigent and current of social, political and mediatised spectacles. The (...) result seems to plant us at a triangulation of the configurations proposed by Alan Kaprow, Andrea Fraser and Alan Abel. Geoffroy plays up a guileless innocence (at times sporting the “Naive Blue Helmet”) as he interviews spectactors at the 2012 dOCUMENTA13 exhibitions in Kassel, Germany. What he evokes is a declamation of the appropriative, unenthusiastic, cool inclinations of the mainstream art festival, the profligate biennial (triennial, quadrennial, etc.) circuit and national and global ideological cultural-engines. In propositional artifacts, definitional articles and direct transmissions from Geoffroy’s Emergency Room field office at dOCUMENTA13, the masking of an emergency is here questioned: Can an art show like dOCUMENTA be dangerous? —JA Is dOCUMENTA designed to make people cry about something and not make them see something else? Is the contemporary a distraction from the present? Can art in delay have any impact with today? Do we learn anything by seeing art shows reflecting on history? Could 860,000 visitors have been intoxicated by an apathic gaze than keep them away from reacting? Why is dOCUMENTA proud of having recieve no critic? Why is proximity less important? Why was dOCUMENTA in Kabul? Can weapons designed to kill protesters sold to a repressing regime be contradictory to the support of the Arab Spring? Is the contemporary like a flea market to avoid to debating the important topics of today? Can art be in advance of the broken arm, and avoid accident? Is the goal of dOCUMENTA to create a revolution or to entertain? Is dOCUMENTA betterly done than Disney Land? Is it better to watch Fox News for two years or to go to dOCUMENTA for two days? If a curator, curating a contemporary art show about war, forgets to debate about the weapons factories next door, should it be considered as a professional mistake? Is it OK to employ philosophers to promote vodka? Is navigation a threat? Can an art show like dOCUMENTA be dangerous? Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel author of the month Global Art and the Museum @ZKM: " THE NEXT DOCUMENTA SHOULD BE CURATED BY A TANK " Link to Emergency Room Dictionary < /a> "COOLNESS" from the EMERGENCY ROOM DICTIONARY by COLONEL MUSIC Biennalist at dOCUMENTA 13 "TIRED" from the EMERGENCY ROOM DICTIONARY by COLONEL MUSIC Link to " APATHY " (from the Emergency Room Dictionary ) AWARENESS MUSCLE [fr. muscle de la conscience ] In the same sense memory can be trained, an awareness muscle can be developed by an effort. To develop the awareness muscle, the artist has to reduce his gesticulations. When an artist is busy the artist is not very aware the artist is occupied. A daily training is necessary But how to train? Scanning the news in a critical way could be one exercise. Daily debating politics with others could be another. Looking at other point of views usually produces significant improvements. Fighting prejudice is an excellent exercise. Many other forms of training could also produce beneficial effects for the awareness muscle. Continuous and daily training is important. For instance rewinding and slow motioning what has been absorbed getting away the sugar from the propaganda machines talking to everyone excercise comparatif critical run. If not daily trained the awareness muscle can degrade into atrophy To develop the awareness muscle requires will-power Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel. (shrink)

Le droit court derrière la "révolution numérique". Les algorithmes nous espionnent et restreignent les libertés publiques, ils calculent les indemnités au service des compagnies d'assurance. La diminution lente et continue des services chargés de veiller à l'application du droit affaiblit et parfois anéantit l'efficacité de ces lois. L'échec de la loi Hadopi est significatif à cet égard. Le mal est en fait bien plus profond et ne date pas d'hier. Nous vivons une époque de démolition des codes établis. Si le (...) droit est partout, en définitive il n'est nulle part... (shrink)

Fabriquer de nouvelles formes en discours pour que l’interprétant fabrique un sens plus riche au décodage : tel est l’enjeu continu de la tension entre contrainte systémique et sens visé, conditionnant ainsi le formatage et la présentation des discours. C’est cette tension qui constitue l’objet des études fondées sur des corpus allemands et français, qui sont rassemblées dans ce volume. La production du sens fait feu de tout bois et n’hésite donc pas à susciter l’invention, la distorsion formelle à son (...) service, à tous les niveaux de l’analyse linguistique : présentation des discours, formatage du discours de la critique littéraire, répétition des formes en discours, linéarisation de la phrase allemande, mots-composés en allemand et formes des temps verbaux surcomposés. (shrink)