The net structure of the spatial theory of elections is investigated and described in the format of structuralism. Three new kinds of intertheoretical relations typical for social theory are identified and defined. The historical development of spatial theory as expressed by specializations and other intertheoretic relations is found to be in a sense 'inverse' to that of theories in the natural sciences. The development begins with a 'most special' case.

Content: Sprache, Recht und Rechtsverbindlichkeit: R. Fukawa: An Analysis of the aeRules of Recognition Statement' u W. Krawietz: What does it mean to follow an aeInstitutionalised Legal Rule'? u N. MacCormick: Citizens' Legal Reasoning and its Importance for Jurisprudence u Y. Morigiwa: Hart's Theories of Language and Law u R.Tuomela: Supervenience, Collective Action, and Kelsen's Organ Theory uRecht und politische Kultur: G. Haney: Recht als Form von Kultur u A. Kojder: Dysfunctionalities of Legal Cultur u A. Lopatka: Law and Religion (...) in Poland u M. Samu: Culture and Law: Legal Culture uWerteordnung als ideologische Basis des Rechtsstaats: R. Dreier: Konstitutionalismus und Legalismus u O. Maenpaa: Unilaterality and Consensualism in the Application of Law u K.-F. Lenz: Zivilprozea und Spiel u M. Pavcnik: Ideologie der Rechtsanwendung versus argumentierte Rechtsentscheidung u J. Uusitalo: Legal Dogmatics, Epistemology, Radical Hermeneutics u Entwicklung der Rechtsordnung und soziale Gerechtigkeit: V. Luizzi: Legal Validity and Justice u H. Rottleuthner: Recht und Technik in entwicklungstheor. Perspektive u S. Panou: Uber die aeGerechtigkeit' des Rechts u A. Squella: Legal Positivism and Democracy in the 20. Century u D. Wyduckel: Konsens und gesellschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt u Soziale Mechanismen der Rechtsanwendung und Rechtsfindung: H. Aoi: Richterliche Rechtsfindung als Pattern-Matching-Prozea uu.a. (Franz Steiner 1991). (shrink)

The idea of the common good has been a signature feature of Catholic social teaching and so of modern Catholic engagement in public affairs. It has recently been suggested that the notion is now obsolete due to changes in the culture and politics of the West. In keeping with this suggestion, some argue that Catholics should abandon it in favor of an appeal based on lower intermediate goods in a manner more related to Augustine’s engagement with the largely pagan culture (...) of his time than to Aquinas’s categories tailored to an integrally Christian society. I argue that such a solution misreads aspects of the tradition and of the present political and cultural situation and I suggest some alternative grounds on which Catholic engagement with contemporary public life should proceed and that thinking again about the common good is a necessary part of such engagement. (shrink)

Under this name, on November 20-21, the All-Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Conference took place in Poltava, which became one of the many events devoted to the 2000th anniversary of the Nativity of Christ. Its organizers were Poltava Regional State Administration, Department of Religious Studies at the Institute of Philosophy named after G. Skovoroda, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Poltava State Pedagogical Institute. VG Korolenko. The conference was attended by scholars: religious scholars, historians, philosophers, ethnographers, cultural experts, teachers from Kyiv, (...) and many regions of Ukraine. (shrink)

The answer to the question "unde malum?" has never been idle in monotheistic theology. In an effort to understand this issue, the Kabbalistic tradition has built complex systems. In the scope of this work, we do not claim to be considered in detail. We will conduct a brief review of these issues, first of all, to find out the essential basis on which the interpretation of the origin of evil and its manifestations within the framework of the mentioned religious and (...) philosophical discourse is built. (shrink)

The article deals with the problem of norm and normative approach to the diachronic language study. It identifies specificity of the normative approach to linguistic means within various linguistic traditions and determines the main features of the linguistic norm. The author points out that specific norms appear at each stage of language development as the result of correlation of the existing language means.

It is argued that it is a misinterpretation of frege to construe his talk of the bedeutungen of sentences and of predicates in an ontologically innocent way.

It is urged (1) that geach is correct in his claim ("assertion", "philosophical review", 74, (1965), Page 449) that what he calls 'the frege point' is logically independent of frege's doctrine that sentences are names of objects, And (2) that frege's 'propositions of begriffsschrift' are neither truths nor falsehoods.

У статті досліджується дискурс свободи в українських соціокультурних реаліях державно-церковних відносин. Аналізуючи проблему, автор з’ясовує, що факт, відповідно до якого кожна людина є завжди кимось більшим, ніж просто громадянином, з усією очевидністю засвідчує неприпустимість зводити людину лише до цієї однієї з багатьох її функцій у бутті.

The policy adopted by the Twenty-fifth Congress of the CPSU on raising the quality of work and the effectiveness of social production means that work must be more highly organized and disciplined and that initiative and creative searching must be fostered. "The country sets as its goal enlargement of the real opportunities for citizens to apply their creative powers, abilities, and gifts and for comprehensive development of the individual.".

Money... What are they for a person? Man considers them his property, his wealth, something personal, belonging only to him, than he can dispose of at his discretion. Each person, by virtue of his character, treats money in different ways: the greedy they are hoarding, the stingy over them shake, wasteful is wasted not in measure.

In applied problems mathematics is used as language or as a metalanguage on which metatheories are built, E.G., Mathematical theory of experiment. The structure of pure mathematics is grammar of the language. As opposed to pure mathematics, In applied problems we must keep in mind what underlies the sign system. Optimality criteria-Axioms of applied mathematics-Prove mutually incompatible, They form a mosaic and not mathematical structures which, According to bourbaki, Make mathematics a unified science. One of the peculiarities of applied mathematical (...) language is a variety of dialects: a problem can be presented in terms of various mathematical notions. Another peculiarity is polysemy: a problem can be presented in the framework of one dialect by a set of various models with equal right to exist. The pragmatic sense of distinction between applied and pure mathematics must lead to specific training in each case. (shrink)

In our recent past, at first glance, an ideologically monolithic society was a kind of "collective soul" that envisioned the internal subordination of the individual to the social, collective, existing system of ideologies, stereotypes that were perfected and skillfully introduced into public consciousness - and suddenly this ideological one-dimensionality society collapses and the person is alone with one another.

The target articles on sleep and dreaming are discussed in terms of the concept of search activity integrating different types of behavior, body resistance, REM sleep/dream functions, and the brain catecholamine system. REM sleep may be functionally sufficient or insufficient, depending on the dream scenario, the latter being more important than the physiological manifestation of REM sleep. REM sleep contributes to memory consolidation in the indirect way. [Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms; Vertes & Eastman].