In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces – extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major practical theoretical contributions. Elizabeth Valentine has an international reputation as an eminent scholar and pioneer in the field of philosophy and history of psychology. This selection brings together some of her best work over the last thirty years. A specially written introduction gives an overview of (...) her career and contextualises the selection in relation to changes in the field during this time. The first section on 'Philosophy' covers work on different theoretical approaches to psychology, introspection and the study of consciousness, the mind-body problem, and different types of explanation in psychology including reductionism. The second section, 'From Philosophy to History', includes work on the philosophical psychologists G. F. Stout and James Sully, among others. The third section on 'History' covers Valentine's more recent historical work on the development of psychology in London – both institutional and biographical – and includes accounts of both Bedford College and University College, and the role of pioneer women psychologists. The book enables the reader to trace developments in the philosophy and history of psychology over the last thirty years. It will appeal to anyone with interests in these areas as well as being an invaluable resource for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses in conceptual and historical issues. (shrink)

In the mid-1970s, the fascist-leaning dictatorships in Spain (1939–1977) and Portugal (1933–1974) fell. Closely linked to the 1973 oil crisis, debates over energy and technology policies became very prominent during the ensuing political redefinition of both countries. Two decades after the first international agreements between the Iberian regimes and the United States for the development of nuclear programs, a myriad of movements of social resistance to nuclear technology emerged in dialogue with anti-nuclear organizations in other European countries. Fun and playfulness (...) have been used for top–down popularization and banalization of nuclear technologies since the 1950s, but here pleasant forms of resistance also played a central role in contesting national energy plans, expert discourses, and vested interests. This article explores what we call “anti-nuclear fun,” the use of amusement, play, and humor as political and epistemic tools to familiarize society with the exceptional and daily risks of the “peaceful atom.”. (shrink)

Complete deductive systems are constructed for the non-valid (refutable) formulae and sequents of some propositional modal logics. Thus, complete syntactic characterizations in the sense of Lukasiewicz are established for these logics and, in particular, purely syntactic decision procedures for them are obtained. The paper also contains some historical remarks and a general discussion on refutation systems.

We introduce and study hierarchies of extensions of the propositional modal and temporal languages with pairs of new syntactic devices: point of reference-reference pointer which enable semantic references to be made within a formula. We propose three different but equivalent semantics for the extended languages, discuss and compare their expressiveness. The languages with reference pointers are shown to have great expressive power (especially when their frugal syntax is taken into account), perspicuous semantics, and simple deductive systems. For instance, Kamp's and (...) Stavi's temporal operators, as well as nominals (names, clock variables), are definable in them. Universal validity in these languages is proved undecidable. The basic modal and temporal logics with reference pointers are uniformly axiomatized and a strong completeness theorem is proved for them and extended to some classes of their extensions. (shrink)

Wer bin ich, wenn nicht mein Gehirn? Das menschliche Gehirn ist eine besonders eindrucksvolle Blüte am Baum der biologischen Vielfalt. Dieser Stammbaum hat seine Äste in der Welt entwickelt und ist mit seinen Wurzeln tief in der Natur verankert. Wer aber erkennt die Gesetze der Natur und beobachtet die wundersame Entwicklung des Lebendigen, wenn nicht das Gehirn selbst? Bei dieser Spiegelung des Gehirns in der Welt und der Welt im Gehirn schließt sich ein Kreis, in dem Geist und Stoff nicht (...) mehr als unvereinbare Elemente erscheinen. Im Mittelpunkt der philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Gedanken von Valentin Braitenberg steht der Begriff der Information, der in der Form der Lebewesen als ein Wissen über die Welt aufscheint. Ein geistreicher Fundus für alle, die Lust haben, unsere Existenz in dieser Welt zu verstehen, wie Forscher, Mediziner, Philosophen... Die italienische Ausgabe dieses Buches, "L'immagine del mondo nella testa", wurde mit dem renommierten italienischen Medienpreis "Premio Galileo 2000"L'immagine del mondo nella testa", wurde mit dem renommierten italienischen Medienpreis "Premio Galileo 2000" für das Jahr 2009 ausgezeichnet. Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Valentin Braitenberg, Hirnforscher, war u.a. Direktor am Max-Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik in Tübingen und Honorarprofessor an den Universitäten Tübingen und Freiburg. Braitenberg bringt das Kunststück fertig, kurzweilig viele Fragen auf amüsante und ebenso intelligente Weise anzureißen und damit den Leser selbst zu befähigen, darüber zu meditieren, wie das Bild der Welt in dessen eigenen Kopf kommt. Gerade in einer Zeit, in der Meditation gerne als gedankenloses Singen von Mantras missverstanden wird, gereichen die cartesianischen Meditationen à la Braitenberg jedem denkenden Menschen zu einem ganz privaten Vergnügen der besonderen Art. (shrink)

Companies often develop codes prescribing an ethical organizational environment. However, the ability of ethics codes to increase individuals' tolerance of diversity is not fully considered in the ethics literature. This relationship was explored using a sample of 143 business and legal professionals. After accounting for the impact of several covariates, results indicated that professionals employed in organizations that had an ethics code were more tolerant of societal diversity than were professionals working in organizations that did not have an ethics code. (...) The findings also showed that a traditional orientation toward gender roles was also related to the acceptance of diversity. These findings imply that companies to some degree define societal norms, possibly through training programs that make employees aware of their differences. (shrink)

This paper deals with, prepositional calculi with strong negation (N-logics) in which the Craig interpolation theorem holds. N-logics are defined to be axiomatic strengthenings of the intuitionistic calculus enriched with a unary connective called strong negation. There exists continuum of N-logics, but the Craig interpolation theorem holds only in 14 of them.

We draw parallels between several closely related logics that combine — in different proportions — elements of game theory, computation tree logics, and epistemic logics to reason about agents and their abilities. These are: the coalition game logics CL and ECL introduced by Pauly 2000, the alternating-time temporal logic ATL developed by Alur, Henzinger and Kupferman between 1997 and 2002, and the alternating-time temporal epistemic logic ATEL by van der Hoek and Wooldridge (2002). In particular, we establish some subsumption and (...) equivalence results for their semantics, as well as interpretation of the alternating-time temporal epistemic logic into ATL. The focus in this paper is on models: alternating transition systems, multi-player game models (alias concurrent game structures) and coalition effectivity models turn out to be intimately related, while alternating epistemic transition systems share much of their philosophical and formal apparatus. Our approach is constructive: we present ways to transform between different types of models and languages. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The paper studies propositional logics in a bimodal language, in which the first modality is interpreted as the local truth, and the second as the universal truth. The logic S4UC is introduced, which is finitely axiomatizable, has the f.m.p. and is determined by every connected separable metric space.

A certain type of inference rules in modal logics, generalizing Gabbay's Irreflexivity rule, is introduced and some general completeness results about modal logics axiomatized with such rules are proved.

La pregunta por el ser humano ha sido una constante en la Historia del pensamiento, sin que se pongan de acuerdo las personas especialistas en la materia en qué sea aquello que cualifica a la realidad humana. El artículo presente contribuye al debate abierto en la antropología filosófica desde el pensamiento de Xavier Zubiri. Atendiendo fundamentalmente a la obra de este autor, se presenta lo que, en su opinión, constituye lo específico del ser humano, que es ser una realidad abierta (...) y proyectiva. Desde aquí, se sacan importantes consecuencias para el tiempo presente. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 98 Heft: 1 Seiten: 357-359.

Accusations of hypocrisy are a recurring theme in the public debate on climate change, but their significance remains poorly understood. Different motivations are associated with this accusation, which is leveled by proponents and opponents of climate action. In this article, I undertake a systematic assessment of climate hypocrisy, with a focus on lifestyle and political hypocrisy. I contextualize the corresponding accusation, introduce criteria for the conceptual analysis of climate hypocrisy, and develop an evaluative framework that allows us to determine its (...) moral significance. I argue that different instances of climate hypocrisy are problematic to different degrees, depending on how detrimental they are to an agent's attainment of environmental integrity. The resulting framework helps clear the confusion caused by disinformation campaigners, by distinguishing objectionable uses of the climate hypocrisy charge from constructive ones motivated by genuine concern for integrity. (shrink)

This research note presents a thesis research led on the social representations of the amputated body fitted with prostheses, in the light of the contemporary collective imagination. The main aim was to observe, compare and analyse the way in which the public and media consider the field of prostheses, and bring these collective projections and imaginations face to face with how the amputees (but also the caregivers who surround them) see themselves and construct their own social and bodily identity. The (...) goal was to reveal the existence of a certain gap between what the collective discourse producers (media, scientists) think to know about amputees and prostheses, and the reality observed on site (practical problems, customs and practices of everyday life). The final aim was to formulate proposals to overcome these ambiguous conceptions, to question the notions of social inclusion and exclusion of disability and the technological repairs of the body, and to put the amputees at the heart of more rational, pragmatic and ethical considerations, far from any prediction, speculation and phantasmagoria. (shrink)

Der Begriff »Klassische Deutsche Philosophie« setzt sich zusehends gegenüber der alten Bestimmung »Deutscher Idealismus« durch. Dies geschieht vollkommen zu Recht, denn letztere führt in die Irre. Tatsächlich verfolgen Fichte, Schelling und Hegel zusammen mit Kant das Anliegen, Idealismus und Realismus als einseitige Positionen zu überwinden. Ausgehend von diesem gemeinsamen Vorhaben entspinnt sich zwischen ihnen eine Kontroverse, die in unterschiedlichen Lösungskonzepten mündet. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die unterschiedlichen Ansätze zur Vermittlung von Idealismus und Realismus, die in der Forschung bisher eher vage (...) präsent sind, erstmals systematisch anhand ihrer historischen Entwicklung dar. Ein Anhang zur Analytischen Philosophie belegt die Relevanz der Fragestellung auch für die Philosophie der Gegenwart. (shrink)

The paper reveals some mostly unnoticed and unexpected trends in reception of novel ideas in science. The author formulates certain principles of the reception of these ideas by scientific communities and justifies them by examples from modern mathematics and non-classical logic.

This is a review of the book: Sheehan H. Marxism and the Philosophy of Science. A Critical History. The First Hundred Years. (L.: Verso, 2017. XII. 450 p.). The keynote of the book serves the conviction that Marxism is a sort of “super-theory” that can explain not only any social and political life, but also profound philosophy of science, including natural science. Science is presented in the book as a form of social practice. The main idea of the Marxist philosophy (...) of science is the status of the theory of dialectical materialism. The author shows that Marxist ideas could be considered as the origins of many disciplines: the sociology of science, the history of science, the history of technology; they had a noticeable effect on non-Marxist thought as well. However, Stalinism and Lysenkoism significantly decelerated the development of the Marxist philosophy of science. (shrink)

This is an introduction to proofs book for the course offering a transition to more advanced mathematics. It contains logic, sets, functions, relations, the construction of rational, real and complex numbers and their properties. It also has a chapter on cardinality and a chapter on counting techniques. The book explains various proof techniques and has many examples which help with the transition to more advanced classes like real analysis, groups, rings and fields or topology.

Department of Philosophy and Religions, Faculty of Arts, University of Benin, Benin City. Nigeria.

La preocupación central de Petev es salvar la racionalidad de una teoría democrática del derecho. En el desarrollo de los planteamientos que expone en esta obra, insiste en las relaciones entre derecho, moral y política y en el contexto de la interacción social en que se presenta el fenómeno jurídico y se toman las decisiones judiciales. Para este autor lo jurídico cumple una función no sólo de aplicación del derecho, sino también de dirección y orientación de la sociedad.