Results for 'Wade Peter'

975 found
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  1.  12
    Articulations of eroticism and race: Domestic service in Latin America.Peter Wade - 2013 - Feminist Theory 14 (2):187-202.
    ‘Service’, particularly ‘domestic service’, operates as a specific articulation or intersection of processes of race, class, gender and age that reiterates images of the sexual desirability of some women racially marked by blackness or indigeneity in Latin America. The sexualisation of racially subordinated people has been linked to the exercise of power. This article focuses on an aspect of subordination related to the condition of being a servant, and the ‘domestication’ and ‘acculturation’ that domestic service implies in societies where black (...)
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  2.  7
    Race, Ethnicity, and Technologies of Belonging.Peter Wade - 2014 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 39 (4):587-596.
    This essay explores how academics know when they are looking at something called “race.” Given that the term has an uneven history, there is some disagreement about when the concept fully emerged, and social scientists often now argue that race is implicitly at issue in public discourses, even if it does not appear overtly. I argue that there are significant continuities that allow us to recognize when race is at work; these are linked to “nature” and to colonial histories and (...)
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  3.  18
    Brazil and Colombia: Comparative Race Relations in South America.Peter Wade - 2012 - In Wade Peter (ed.), Racism and Ethnic Relations in the Portuguese-Speaking World. pp. 35.
    This chapter focuses on Brazil and Colombia in the context of the official multiculturalism adopted by both countries. It looks primarily at ‘blackness’, but necessarily also makes reference to the category ‘indigenous’, as this is an inherent part of the processes by which identities come to be defined, claimed and contested. The text shows how blackness in each country oscillated between ‘ethnic’ and ‘racialised’ definitions, both from an official and from a social movement point of view, and how oscillation was (...)
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  4. Racism and Ethnic Relations in the Portuguese-Speaking World.Wade Peter - 2012
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  5.  22
    Anthropology and science: epistemologies in practice.Jeanette Edwards, Penelope Harvey & Peter Wade (eds.) - 2007 - New York: Berg.
    What does it mean to know something - scientifically, anthropologically, socially? What is the relationship between different forms of knowledge and ways of knowing? How is knowledge mobilised in society and to what ends? Drawing on ethnographic examples from across the world, and from the virtual and global "places" created by new information technologies, Anthropology and Science presents examples of living and dynamic epistemologies and practices, and of how scientific ways of knowing operate in the world. Authors address the nature (...)
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  6. Introduction : epistemologies in practice.Jeanette Edwards, Penny Harvey & Peter Wade - 2007 - In Jeanette Edwards, Penelope Harvey & Peter Wade (eds.), Anthropology and science: epistemologies in practice. New York: Berg.
     
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  7. In Anthropology, the Image Can Never Have the Last Say the Ninth Annual Gdat Debate, Held in the University of Manchester on 6th December 1997.Bill Watson, Peter Wade & Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory - 1998
     
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  8.  61
    The functional anatomy of a hysterical paralysis.John C. Marshall, Peter W. Halligan, Gereon R. Fink, Derick T. Wade & Richard S. J. Frackowiak - 1997 - Cognition 64 (1):B1-B8.
  9. Taking Parenting Public: The Case for a New Social Movement.Enola G. Aird, Allan C. Carlson, David Elkind, William A. Galston, S. Jody Heymann, Wade F. Horn, Bernice Kanner, Juliet B. Schor, Raymond Seidelman, Theda Skocpol, Ruy Teixeira, Cornel West, Peter Winn, Edward Wolff & Ruth A. Wooden - 2002 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    Taking Parenting Public makes a compelling case that parenting has become dangerously undervalued in America today. It calls for a new investment—both personal and public—into the work of raising children and argues that we are all "stockholders" in the next generation. With a foreword by Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Cornel West, Taking Parenting Public crosses boundaries to bring together thinkers from diverse fields spanning the political spectrum. It features contributions from distinguished experts in economics, political science, public policy, child development, (...)
     
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  10.  55
    Revisiting 'Beyond Leave No Trace'.Jeffrey L. Marion, Ben Lawhon, Wade M. Vagias & Peter Newman - 2011 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 14 (2):231 - 237.
    Ethics, Policy & Environment, Volume 14, Issue 2, Page 231-237, June 2011.
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  11. The Drowning Child and the Expanding Circle.Peter Singer - 1997 - New Internationalist.
    To challenge my students to think about the ethics of what we owe to people in need, I ask them to imagine that their route to the university takes them past a shallow pond. One morning, I say to them, you notice a child has fallen in and appears to be drowning. To wade in and pull the child out would be easy but it will mean that you get your clothes wet and muddy, and by the time you (...)
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  12. The drowning child and the expanding circle new internationalist , April, 1997.Peter Singer - manuscript
    To challenge my students to think about the ethics of what we owe to people in need, I ask them to imagine that their route to the university takes them past a shallow pond. One morning, I say to them, you notice a child has fallen in and appears to be drowning. To wade in and pull the child out would be easy but it will mean that you get your clothes wet and muddy, and by the time you (...)
     
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  13.  34
    Peter Wade; Carlos López Beltrán; Eduardo Restrepo; Ricardo Ventura Santos . Mestizo Genomics: Race Mixture, Nation, and Science in Latin America. xii + 304 pp., illus., tables, bibl., index. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2014. $25.95. [REVIEW]Julia Rodriguez - 2015 - Isis 106 (4):986-987.
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  14.  17
    Historical studies on race, multiculturalism and genomics in Latin America: Peter Wade, Carlos López Beltrán, and Ricardo Ventura Santos : Mestizo genomics. Race, mixture, nation, and science in Latin America. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2014, 304pp; $25.95 PB.Ana Barahona - 2015 - Metascience 24 (3):397-400.
  15.  48
    Race, Nature and Culture: An Anthropological Perspective. By Peter Wade. Pp. 150. (Pluto Press, London, 2002.) £13.99, ISBN 0-7453-1454-6, paperback. [REVIEW]Zelda Alice Franceschi - 2005 - Journal of Biosocial Science 37 (1):127-128.
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  16.  32
    Technologized Images, Technologized Bodies. Edited by Jeanette Edwards, Penny Harvey & Peter Wade. Pp. 262. (Berghahn Books, Oxford, 2010.) £55.00, ISBN 978-1-84545-664-1, hardback. [REVIEW]Nadine Levin - 2011 - Journal of Biosocial Science 43 (5):638-639.
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  17.  25
    Race, Ethnicity and Nation: Perspectives from Kinship and Genetics. Studies of the Biosocial Society, Volume 1. Edited by Peter Wade. Pp. 200. (Berghahn Books, New York, Oxford, 2007.) £40.00, ISBN 978-1845-453558, hardback. [REVIEW]Andrew Smart - 2009 - Journal of Biosocial Science 41 (4):557-558.
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  18.  17
    Peter Singer and Christian Ethics: Beyond Polarization by Charles E. Camosy.Werner Wolbert - 2014 - Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 34 (1):225-226.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Peter Singer and Christian Ethics: Beyond Polarization by Charles E. CamosyWerner WolbertPeter Singer and Christian Ethics: Beyond Polarization CHARLES E. CAMOSY Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 278 pp. $29.99Peter Singer’s “Copernican revolution” against a sanctity of life ethic may be regarded, from a Roman Catholic viewpoint, as an expression of the “culture of death” denounced by John Paul II. One must keep in mind, however, that “we (...)
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  19. (1 other version)Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, VI.P. Marshall - unknown - Proceedings of the British Academy 150.
    Peter Brian Herrenden Birks 1941-2004Hugh Redwald Dacre 1914-2003William Hugh Clifford Frend 1916-2005John Andrew Gallagher 1919-1980Philip Grierson 1910-2006Stuart Newton Hampshire 1914-2004William McKane 1921-2004John Malcolm Sabine Pasley 1926-2004Benjamin John Pimlott 1945-2004Robert Duguid Forrest Pring-Mill 1925-2005John Edgar Stevens 1921-2002Peter Strawson 1919-2006Henry William Rawson Wade 1918-2004Alan Harold Williams 1927-2005Bernard Arthur Owen Williams 1929-2003John James Wymer 1928-2006.
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  20. Hume on Is and Ought.Charles Pigden (ed.) - 2010 - New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    It ‘seems altogether inconceivable', says Hume, that this ‘new relation' ought ‘can be a deduction' from others ‘which are entirely different from it' The idea that you can't derive an Ought from an Is, moral conclusions from non-moral premises, has proved enormously influential. But what did Hume mean by this famous dictum? Was he correct? How does it fit in with the rest of his philosophy? And what does this suggest about the nature of moral judgements? This collection, the first (...)
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  21.  28
    Consciousness and the Brain: A Scientific and Philosophical Inquiry.Gordon G. Globus, Grover Maxwell & Irwin Savodnik - 1976 - Plenum. Edited by Gordon G. Globus, Grover Maxwell & Irwin Savodnik.
    The relationship of consciousness to brain, which Schopenhauer grandly referred to as the "world knot," remains an unsolved problem within both philosophy and science. The central focus in what follows is the relevance of science---from psychoanalysis to neurophysiology and quantum physics-to the mind-brain puzzle. Many would argue that we have advanced little since the age of the Greek philosophers, and that the extraordinary accumulation of neuroscientific knowledge in this century has helped not at all. Increas- ingly, philosophers and scientists have (...)
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  22. A Philosophical Analysis of the Role of Selection Experiments in Evolutionary Biology.David Wyss Rudge - 1996 - Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh
    My dissertation philosophically analyzes experiments in evolutionary biology, an area of science where experimental approaches have tended to supplement, rather than supercede more traditional approaches, such as field observations. I conduct the analysis on the basis of three case studies of famous episodes in the history of selection experiments: H. B. D. Kettlewell's investigations of industrial melanism in the Peppered Moth, Biston betularia; two of Th. Dobzhansky's studies of adaptive radiation in the fruit fly, Drosophila pseudoobscura; and M. Wade's (...)
     
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  23.  7
    Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 150 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, Vi.British Academy - 2007 - Oxford University Press UK.
    Sixteen obituaries of recently deceased Fellows of the British Academy: Peter Birks; Lord Dacre of Glanton; William Frend; John Gallagher; Philip Grierson; Stuart Hampsire; William McKane; Sir Malcolm Pasley; Ben Pimlott; Robert Pring-Mill; John Stevens, Peter Strawson; Sir William Wade; Alan Williams; Sir Bernard Williams and John Wymer.
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  24.  14
    Contradiction and Legislation Regarding the Right to Life.Kevin L. Flannery - 2022 - Nova et Vetera 20 (4):1323-1333.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Contradiction and Legislation Regarding the Right to LifeKevin L. Flannery, S.J.Unborn Human Life and Fundamental Rights: Leading Constitutional Cases under Scrutiny. Edited by Pilar Zambrano and William Saunders, with concluding reflections by John Finnis. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2019.The most fundamental principle of law is the principle of non-contradiction. This is Thomas Aquinas's position in the seminal article on the natural law, Summa theologiae I-II, question 94, article 2, (...)
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  25.  18
    How to relate: Wissen - Künste - Praktiken = knowledge - arts - practices.Annika Haas (ed.) - 2021 - Bielefeld: Transcript.
    Beziehungen sind nicht gegeben, sie werden gemeinsam gemacht. Der Band untersucht Relationalitäten als prozessuale Aushandlungen zwischen Künsten und Wissenschaften, zwischen gebautem Raum und sozialem Körper, zwischen theoretischem und poetisch-künstlerischem Schreiben und Sprechen, zwischen Form, Material und Handlung. Plädiert wird für eine Wissenspolitik der Künste, die von einer radikalen Verstricktheit theoretischer, ästhetischer, medialer und gesellschaftlicher Praktiken und Techniken ausgeht. Mit Beiträgen von / with contributions by Bini Adamczak, Emily Apter, Alice Chauchat, Beatriz Colomina, Gradinger / Schubot, Annika Haas, Maximilian Haas, Orit (...)
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  26.  9
    Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 150 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, Vi.Cbe Marshall (ed.) - 2008 - Oup/British Academy.
    Sixteen obituaries of recently deceased Fellows of the British Academy: Peter Birks; Lord Dacre of Glanton; William Frend; John Gallagher; Philip Grierson; Stuart Hampsire; William McKane; Sir Malcolm Pasley; Ben Pimlott; Robert Pring-Mill; John Stevens, Peter Strawson; Sir William Wade; Alan Williams; Sir Bernard Williams and John Wymer.
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  27.  40
    Danny Wade, Courtney Vaughn, & Wesley Long 37.Danny Wade - forthcoming - Journal of Thought.
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  28.  58
    References for Wade from page 19.Carole Wade - 1993 - Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 12 (3-4):45-45.
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  29. Famine, Affluence, and Morality.Peter Singer - 1972 - Oxford University Press USA.
    In 1972, the young philosopher Peter Singer published "Famine, Affluence and Morality," which rapidly became one of the most widely discussed essays in applied ethics. Through this article, Singer presents his view that we have the same moral obligations to those far away as we do to those close to us. He argued that choosing not to send life-saving money to starving people on the other side of the earth is the moral equivalent of neglecting to save drowning children (...)
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  30. Thinking through talking to yourself: Inner speech as a vehicle of conscious reasoning.Wade Munroe - 2023 - Philosophical Psychology 36 (2):292-318.
    People frequently report that their thought has, at times, a vocal character. Thinking commonly appears to be accompanied or constituted by silently ‘talking’ to oneself in inner speech. In this paper, I argue that inner speech ‘utterances’ can constitute occurrent propositional attitudes, e.g., occurrent judgments, suppositions, etc., and, thereby, we can consciously reason through tokening a series of inner speech utterances in working memory. As I demonstrate, the functional role a mental state plays in working memory is determined in a (...)
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  31. Echo chambers, polarization, and “Post-truth”: In search of a connection.Wade Munroe - forthcoming - Philosophical Psychology.
    The US populace appears to be increasingly polarized on partisan lines. Political fissures bifurcate the country even on empirical matters like vaccine safety and anthropogenic climate change. There now exists an ever-expanding interdisciplinary research program in which theorists attempt to explain increases in political polarization and myriad other phenomena collected under the “post-truth” heading by appeal to social-epistemic structures, like echo chambers and epistemic bubbles, that affect the flow and uptake of information in various communities. In this paper, I critically (...)
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  32. Why are you talking to yourself? The epistemic role of inner speech in reasoning.Wade Munroe - 2022 - Noûs 56 (4):841-866.
    People frequently report that, at times, their thought has a vocal character. Thinking commonly appears to be accompanied or constituted by silently ‘talking’ to oneself in inner speech. In this paper, we explore the specifically epistemic role of inner speech in conscious reasoning. A plausible position—but one I argue is ultimately wrong—is that inner speech plays asolelyfacilitative role that is exhausted by (i) serving as the vehicle of representation for conscious reasoning, and/or (ii) allowing one to focus on certain types (...)
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  33. Testimonial injustice and prescriptive credibility deficits.Wade Munroe - 2016 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 46 (6):924-947.
    In light of recent social psychological literature, I expand Miranda Fricker’s important notion of testimonial injustice. A fair portion of Fricker’s account rests on an older paradigm of stereotype and prejudice. Given recent empirical work, I argue for what I dub prescriptive credibility deficits in which a backlash effect leads to the assignment of a diminished level of credibility to persons who act in counter-stereotypic manners, thereby flouting prescriptive stereotypes. The notion of a prescriptive credibility deficit is not merely an (...)
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  34.  95
    False claims about false memory research☆.Kimberley A. Wade, Stefanie J. Sharman, Maryanne Garry, Amina Memon, Giuliana Mazzoni, Harald Merckelbach & Elizabeth F. Loftus - 2007 - Consciousness and Cognition 16 (1):18-28.
    Pezdek and Lam [Pezdek, K. & Lam, S. . What research paradigms have cognitive psychologists used to study “False memory,” and what are the implications of these choices? Consciousness and Cognition] claim that the majority of research into false memories has been misguided. Specifically, they charge that false memory scientists have been misusing the term “false memory,” relying on the wrong methodologies to study false memories, and misapplying false memory research to real world situations. We review each of these claims (...)
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  35.  18
    Exploring the Cognitive Foundations of Managerial (Climate) Change Decisions.Belinda Wade & Andrew Griffiths - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 181 (1):15-40.
    AbstractClimate change is a complex, multilevel challenge with implications of failure unimaginable for current and future generations. However, despite the Paris Agreement supporting the imperative for action in an atmosphere of scientific consensus, organisations are failing to take the decisive action required. We argue that this lack of organisational action needs to be addressed by examining the cognitive foundations of managerial decisions on climate change and sustainability. A systematic review of research on cognition, sensemaking and managerial interpretation where it is (...)
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  36.  84
    Reasoning, rationality, and representation.Wade Munroe - 2020 - Synthese 198 (9):8323-8345.
    Recently, a cottage industry has formed with the goal of analyzing reasoning. The relevant notion of reasoning in which philosophers are expressly interested is fixed through an epistemic functional description: reasoning—whatever it is—is our personal-level, rationally evaluable means of meeting our rational requirements through managing and updating our attitudes. Roughly, the dominant view in the extant literature as developed by Paul Boghossian, John Broome, and others is that reasoning is a rule-governed operation over propositional attitudes that results in a change (...)
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  37.  92
    Leaving a Legacy: Intergenerational Allocations of Benefits and Burdens.Kimberly A. Wade-Benzoni, Harris Sondak & Adam D. Galinsky - 2010 - Business Ethics Quarterly 20 (1):7-34.
    In six experiments, we investigated the role of resource valence in intergenerational attitudes and allocations. We found that, compared to benefits, allocating burdens intergenerationally increased concern with one’s legacy, heightened ethical concerns, intensified moral emotions (e.g., guilt, shame), and led to feelings of greater responsibility for and affinity with future generations. We argue that, because of greater concern with legacies and the associated moral implications of one’s decisions, allocating burdens leads to greater intergenerational generosity as compared to benefits. Our data (...)
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  38.  28
    The faith instinct: how religion evolved and why it endures.Nicholas Wade - 2009 - New York: Penguin Press.
    Draws on a broad range of scientific evidence to theorize an evolutionary basis for religion, considering how religion may have served as an essential component of early society survival and that the brain may be inherently inclined toward religious behavior.
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  39. Phenomenal Consciousness: A Naturalistic Theory.Peter Carruthers - 2000 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    How can phenomenal consciousness exist as an integral part of a physical universe? How can the technicolour phenomenology of our inner lives be created out of the complex neural activities of our brains? Many have despaired of finding answers to these questions; and many have claimed that human consciousness is inherently mysterious. Peter Carruthers argues, on the contrary, that the subjective feel of our experience is fully explicable in naturalistic terms. Drawing on a variety of interdisciplinary resources, he develops (...)
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  40.  75
    Evidentialism and Occurrent Belief: You Aren’t Justified in Believing Everything Your Evidence Clearly Supports.Wade Munroe - 2023 - Erkenntnis 88 (7):3059-3078.
    Evidentialism as an account of epistemic justification is the position that a doxastic attitude, D, towards a proposition, p, is justified for an intentional agent, S, at a time, t, iff having D towards p fits S’s evidence at t, where the fittingness of an attitude on one’s evidence is typically analyzed in terms of evidential support for the propositional contents of the attitude. Evidentialism is a popular and well-defended account of justification. In this paper, I raise a problem for (...)
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  41.  78
    Semiotics in the head: Thinking about and thinking through symbols.Wade Munroe - 2023 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 107 (2):413-438.
    Our conscious thought, at least at times, seems suffused with language. We may experience thinking as if we were “talking in our head”, thus using inner speech to verbalize, e.g., our premises, lemmas, and conclusions. I take inner speech to be part of a larger phenomenon I call inner semiotics, where inner semiotics involves the subjective experience of expressions in a semiotic (or symbol) system absent the overt articulation of the expressions. In this paper, I argue that inner semiotics allows (...)
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  42.  37
    Using best interests meetings for people in a prolonged disorder of consciousness to improve clinical and ethical management.Derick T. Wade - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (5):336-342.
    Current management of people with prolonged disorders of consciousness is failing patients, families and society. The causes include a general lack of concern, knowledge and expertise; a legal and professional framework which impedes timely and appropriate decision-making and/or enactment of the decision; and the exclusive focus on the patient, with no legitimate means to consider the broader consequences of healthcare decisions. This article argues that a clinical pathway based on the principles of the English Mental Capacity Act 2005 and using (...)
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  43. Hume on personal identity.Wade L. Robison - 1974 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 12 (2):181-193.
    This paper argues that hume's discussion of personal identity in treatise i.Iv.6 is misinterpreted and overrated. Far from seeking a justification for ascribing identity to persons, Hume dismissed all such ascriptions as mistaken; his 'account' in i.Iv.6 is an attempt to explain how the supposed mistake arises. His own criteria of unity/identity, On the strength of which he excludes persons, Are themselves ill-Founded: they are criteria for individuating etc., 'things', The only ones hume, Who failed to grasp locke's point that (...)
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  44. Moralizing Technology: Understanding and Designing the Morality of Things.Peter-Paul Verbeek - 2011 - University of Chicago Press.
    Technology permeates nearly every aspect of our daily lives. Cars enable us to travel long distances, mobile phones help us to communicate, and medical devices make it possible to detect and cure diseases. But these aids to existence are not simply neutral instruments: they give shape to what we do and how we experience the world. And because technology plays such an active role in shaping our daily actions and decisions, it is crucial, Peter-Paul Verbeek argues, that we consider (...)
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  45. (1 other version)One world: the ethics of globalization.Peter Singer - 2002 - New Haven: Yale University Press.
    If we agree with the notion of a global community, then we must extend our concepts of justice, fairness, and equity beyond national borders by supporting measures to decrease global warming and to increase foreign aid, argues Peter Singer.
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  46.  52
    The expanding circle: ethics, evolution, and moral progress.Peter Singer - 2011 - Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    What is ethics? Where do moral standards come from? Are they based on emotions, reason, or some innate sense of right and wrong? For many scientists, the key lies entirely in biology---especially in Darwinian theories of evolution and self-preservation. But if evolution is a struggle for survival, why are we still capable of altruism? In his classic study The Expanding Circle, Peter Singer argues that altruism began as a genetically based drive to protect one's kin and community members but (...)
  47. The book of evidence.Peter Achinstein - 2001 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    What is required for something to be evidence for a hypothesis? In this fascinating, elegantly written work, distinguished philosopher of science Peter Achinstein explores this question, rejecting typical philosophical and statistical theories of evidence. He claims these theories are much too weak to give scientists what they want--a good reason to believe--and, in some cases, they furnish concepts that mistakenly make all evidential claims a priori. Achinstein introduces four concepts of evidence, defines three of them by reference to "potential" (...)
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  48.  35
    What Is the Psychosocial Impact of Providing Genetic and Genomic Health Information to Individuals? An Overview of Systematic Reviews.Christopher H. Wade - 2019 - Hastings Center Report 49 (S1):88-96.
    Optimistic predictions that genetic and genomic testing will provide health benefits have been tempered by the concern that individuals who receive their results may experience negative psychosocial outcomes. This potential ethical and clinical concern has prompted extensive conversations between policy‐makers, health researchers, ethicists, and the general public. Fortunately, the psychosocial consequences of such testing are subject to empirical investigation, and over the past quarter century, research that clarifies some of the types, likelihood, and severity of potential harms from learning the (...)
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  49.  26
    Linguistic Convergence to Observed Versus Expected Behavior in an Alien‐Language Map Task.Lacey Wade & Gareth Roberts - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (4):e12829.
    Individuals shift their language to converge with interlocutors. Recent work has suggested that convergence can target not only observed but also expected linguistic behavior, cued by social information. However, it remains uncertain how expectations and observed behavior interact, particularly when they contradict each other. We investigated this using a cooperative map task experiment, in which pairs of participants communicated online by typing messages to each other in a miniature “alien” language that exhibited variation between alien species. The overall task comprised (...)
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  50.  19
    Artificial Intelligence algorithms cannot recommend a best interests decision but could help by improving prognostication.Derick Wade - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (3):179-180.
    Most jurisdictions require a patient to consent to any medical intervention. Clinicians ask a patient, ‘Given the pain and distress associated with our intervention and the predicted likelihood of this best-case outcome, do you want to accept the treatment?’ When a patient is incapable of deciding, clinicians may ask people who know the patient to say what the patient would decide; this is substituted judgement. In contrast, asking the same people to say how the person would make the decision is (...)
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