Girard's "Battling to the End" is a challenging book that claims the possibility of an end of the world caused by human beings through war, terrorism or environmental disaster. At its center we can find the danger of an escalation of violence as it was addressed by Clausewitz in his book "On War". Even if this apocalyptic view worries its analytical potential should not be yielded to fundamentalists. The authors of this collection of essays follow Girard through European history, filling (...) out some of his approximate sketches, sheding light on some obscure parts and marking inconsequences in the unfolding of his approach. A critical reading of "Battling to the End" will contribute to a better understanding of the modern European history and of the dangerous crises in our contemporary world. (shrink)

The article deals with some aspects of Dilthey’s thought. First, we examine those elements of Dilthey’s philosophy that play important role in the discussion of his ideas in the 20th century. Next, we refer to the relation of some representatives of late hermeneutics to Dilthey. Finally, we study and evaluate some views of Dilthey’s critics. Key words DILTHEY, HERMENEUTIC PHILOSOPHY.

It is well known that a central issue in the famous debate between Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Samuel Clarke is the nature of space. They disagreed on the ontological status of space rather than on its geometrical or physical structure. Closely related is the disagreement on the existence of vacuums in nature: while Leibniz denies it, Clarke asserts it. In this paper, I shall focus on Leibniz's position in this debate. In part one, I shall reconstruct the theory of (...) physical space which Leibniz presents in his letters to Clarke. This theory differs from Leibniz's ultimate metaphysics of space, but it is particularly interesting for systematic reasons, and it also gave rise to a lively discussion in modern philosophy of science. In part two, I shall examine whether the existence of vacuums is ruled out by that theory of space, as Leibniz seems to imply in one of his letters. I shall confirm the result of E. J. Khamara that Leibniz's theory of space rules out the existence of a certain kind of vacuum, namely extramundane vacuums, although it does not rule out vacuums within the world. (shrink)

Patrick Colonel Suppes Published with the kind permission of the Patrick Suppes Center for the History and Philosophy of Science at Stanford UniversityWe deeply mourn the death of our senior editor Patrick Suppes . After the death of Carl Gustav Hempel in 1997, who had been the senior editor since the reestablishment of ERKENNTNIS in 1975, Wilhelm Essler and I asked Pat to succeed Hempel as editor of ERKENNTNIS.Our journal was founded by Hans Reichenbach and Rudolf Carnap in 1931. (...) It was the spearhead of what Reichenbach called scientific philosophy. Its first eight volumes were certainly among the most important documents of 20th century philosophy. However, the journal was shut down after strong anti-Semitic pressure by the Nazi regime. It was refounded by Wolfgang Stegmüller and Wilhelm Essler in 1975 as an international journal for analytic philosophy. But it continued to have a bias to .. (shrink)

Aber nicht den Verdeutlichungen der Denker, sondern dem Deuten der Dichter sind die Not und das Irrsal der Nacht anvertraut. Darum redet Hölderlin den Dichterfreund Wilhelm Heinse an : »Aber Freund! wir kommen zu spät. Zwar leben die Götter Aber über dem Haupt droben in anderer Welt. Endlos wirken sie da und scheinens wenig zu achten, Ob wir leben, so sehr schonen die Himmlischen uns. Denn nicht immer vermag ein schwaches Gefäß sie zu fassen, Nur zu Zeiten erträgt göttliche (...) Fülle der Mensch.« Diese Distichen-Reihe beginnt mit einem zweifachen »Aber« und antwortet so auf jenen Anruf, der zuvor an den Dichter-Genossen gerichtet war : »So komm! daß wir das Offene schauen«. Das Offene ist wie das offene Meer grenzenlos und wie der offene Himmel unverstellt. Das Offene nun, das der vom Dichter- und Nachtgott getriebene Sänger zu schauen aufbricht, ist die grenzenlose Einheit von Himmel und Erde, von Sterblichen und Unsterblichen, in der sich einst der Gott unverstellt zeigte. Aber wir sind Abendländer und Epigonen. Wir kommen zu spät. Das »Brautfest der Götter und Menschen« ist vorüber. Über unser hesperisches Geschlecht ist die Nacht der Götterferne hereingebrochen. (shrink)

This addresses the transformations of metaphysics as a discipline, the emergence of analytical mechanics, the diverging avenues of 18th-century Newtonianism, the body-mind problem, and philosophical principles of classification in the life sciences. An appendix contains a critical edition and first translation into English of Newton's scholia from David Gregory's Estate on the Propositions IV through IX Book III of his Principia.

On 19 March 1900, at the bicentenary celebrations of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, Kaiser Wilhelm II established three new fellowships in engineering sciences. This was in many aspects an unwanted gift, and one which tested the Academy’s relationship between pure and applied science. In the context of contemporary struggles between traditional and modern knowledge, this paper shows how the Academy confronted the newly emerging engineering sciences, and how it resolved a potential challenge in ways that ensured its continuing (...) autonomy. (shrink)

Friedrich Wilhelm Graf skizziert die Biographie des in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren uberaus einflussreichen Hamburger Systematischen Theologen Helmut Thielicke, um dann dessen Aktivitaten zur Grundung einer Zeitschrift fur Theologische Ethik zu rekonstruieren. Dabei untersucht er auch Thielickes Kontakte zu dem amerikanischen Theologen Reinhold Niebuhr und zu Paul Tillich. Vorgestellt werden die von Thielicke zunachst in den Blick genommenen Herausgeber, seine Programmentwurfe zu Aufgabe und Profil der seit Januar 1957 erscheinenden Zeitschrift fur Evangelische Ethik und das tatsachliche Herausgebergremium, dem (...) neben Thielicke protestantische Universitatstheologen wie Heinz-Dietrich Wendland, Hendrik van Oyen, Wolfgang Schweitzer sowie der kirchlich vielfaltig engagierte rheinische Unternehmer Friedrich Karrenberg und der spatere WDR-Intendant Klaus von Bismarck angehorten. Durch die dichte Analyse der in den ersten Jahrgangen der Zeitschrift fur Evangelische Ethik gefuhrten Kontroversen uber die atomare Bewaffnung sowie den Institutionenbegriff zeigt Friedrich Wilhelm Graf, dass die ZEE primar ein Organ innerprotestantischer Verstandigung sein und zugleich die politisch-soziale Gestaltungskraft des bundesdeutschen Protestantismus starken sollte. Trotz ihres dezidiert internationalen Anspruchs wurde die Zeitschrift schon bald zu einem Organ, in dem hauptsachlich nur noch deutschsprachige protestantische Theologen publizierten. (shrink)