Results for 'Women Physiology.'

975 found
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  1.  45
    Aristotle on Women: Physiology, Psychology, and Politics.Sophia M. Connell - 2021 - Cambridge University Press.
    This Element provides an account of Aristotle on women which combines what is found in his scientific biology with his practical philosophy. Scholars have often debated how these two fields are related. The current study shows that according to Aristotelian biology, women are set up for intelligence and tend to be milder-tempered than men. Thus, women are not curtailed either intellectually or morally by their biology. The biological basis for the rule of men over women is (...)
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  2.  11
    Interior Portraits: Women, Physiology and the Male artist.Marcia Pointon - 1986 - Feminist Review 22 (1):5-22.
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  3.  53
    Physiology, Hygiene and the Entry of Women to the Medical Profession in Edinburgh c. 1869–c. 1900.Elaine Thomson - 2001 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 32 (1):105-126.
    Academic physiology, as it was taught by John Hughes Bennett during the 1870s, involved an understanding of the functions of the human body and the physical laws which governed those functions. This knowledge was perceived to be directly relevant and applicable to clinical practice in terms of maintaining bodily hygiene and human health. The first generation of medical women received their physiological education at Edinburgh University under Bennett, who emphasised the importance of physiology for women due to its (...)
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  4.  44
    Physiology in American Women's Colleges: The Rise and Decline of a Female Subculture.Toby Appel - 1994 - Isis 85 (1):26-56.
    This essay has examined a women's subculture within a broader discipline. In the Victorian era physiology, understood in its then-dominant meaning as hygiene, en- tered the women's colleges and was likely also to have been found in modified form in other types of colleges. Toward the turn of the century physiology began to be redefined as a male-oriented experimental biomedical science. Physiology in the five women's colleges under discussion was transformed in light of that new meaning, but (...)
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  5.  68
    The Physiology of Sexist and Racist Oppression.Shannon Sullivan - 2015 - New York: Oxford University Press USA.
    While gender and race often are considered socially constructed, this book argues that they are physiologically constituted through the biopsychosocial effects of sexism and racism. This means that to be fully successful, critical philosophy of race and feminist philosophy need to examine not only the financial, legal, political and other forms of racist and sexism oppression, but also their physiological operations. Examining a complex tangle of affects, emotions, knowledge, and privilege, The Physiology of Sexist and Racist Oppression develops an understanding (...)
  6.  12
    Awareness of physiological differentiation and functional peculiarities of men and women in mentally retarded adolescent girls.Mukhina Anastasiia - 2017 - Science and Education: Academic Journal of Ushynsky University 17 (3):41-44.
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  7.  21
    Scaling Demands of Soccer According to Anthropometric and Physiological Sex Differences: A Fairer Comparison of Men’s and Women’s Soccer.Arve Vorland Pedersen, Ingvild Merete Aksdal & Ragna Stalsberg - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  8.  11
    A Feminist Physiology: B. J. Feijoo (1676–1764) and His Advice for Those in Love.Elena Serrano - 2021 - Isis 112 (4):776-785.
    This essay analyzes how the Benedictine monk Benito Jerónimo Feijoo (1676–1764), one of the most popular Spanish natural philosophers in Europe and America, discussed amorous attraction. In an attempt to reconcile Catholic dogma with empirical knowledge, Feijoo explained the origin of love as the result of wave-like interactions between sensual stimulus, imagination, nerve fibers, and the heart. His physiological model considered men and women to be equal in their internal constituents, which had important consequences for a possible science of (...)
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  9.  12
    Catharine Beecher and the Mechanical Body: Physiology, Evangelism, and American Social Reform from the Antebellum Period to the Gilded Age.Alexander Ian Parry - 2021 - Journal of the History of Biology 54 (4):603-638.
    From the mid-nineteenth century to the Gilded Age, Catharine Beecher and other American social reformers combined natural theology and evangelism to instruct their audiences how to lead healthy, virtuous, and happy lives. Worried about the consequences of urbanization, industrialization, unstable sexual and gender roles, and immigration, these “Christian physiologists” provided prescriptive scientific advice for hygiene and personal conduct based on the traditional norms of white, middle-class, Protestant domesticity. According to Beecher and her counterparts, the biosocial reproduction of ideal American households (...)
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  10.  14
    The Use of Quantitative Sensation Testing to Identify the Physiological Differences Between the Median and Ulnar Nerves.Magdalena Koszewicz, Mariusz Szydlo, Jerzy Gosk, Malgorzata Wieczorek, Krzysztof Slotwinski & Slawomir Budrewicz - 2021 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15.
    IntroductionSimilarities in morphology, physiological function, and neurophysiological findings between median and ulnar nerves are not unequivocal. Our previous study confirmed differences in motor fiber parameters between these nerves in healthy persons. We made an attempt to assess and compare the physiological parameters of different sensation modalities in median and ulnar nerves.MethodsThe study was performed in 31 healthy, right-handed volunteers: 17 women, 14 men, mean age 44.8 ± 15.5 years. Standard sensory conduction tests in the median and ulnar nerves were (...)
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  11.  18
    A fetus in the world: Physiology, epidemiology, and the making of fetal origins of adult disease.Tatjana Buklijas & Salim Al-Gailani - 2023 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 45 (4):1-34.
    Since the late 1980s, the fetal origins of adult disease, from 2003 developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), has stimulated significant interest in and an efflorescence of research on the long-term effects of the intrauterine environment. From the start, this field has been interdisciplinary, using experimental animal, clinical and epidemiological tools. As the influence of DOHaD on public health and policy expanded, it has drawn criticism for reducing the complex social and physical world of early life to women’s (...)
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  12.  70
    Do US Black Women Experience Stress-Related Accelerated Biological Aging?Arline T. Geronimus, Margaret T. Hicken, Jay A. Pearson, Sarah J. Seashols, Kelly L. Brown & Tracey Dawson Cruz - 2010 - Human Nature 21 (1):19-38.
    We hypothesize that black women experience accelerated biological aging in response to repeated or prolonged adaptation to subjective and objective stressors. Drawing on stress physiology and ethnographic, social science, and public health literature, we lay out the rationale for this hypothesis. We also perform a first population-based test of its plausibility, focusing on telomere length, a biomeasure of aging that may be shortened by stressors. Analyzing data from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), we estimate (...)
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  13. Inclusion and exclusion in women’s access to health and medicine.Susan Dodds - 2008 - International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 1 (2):58-79.
    Women’s access to health and medicine in developed countries has been characterized by a range of inconsistent inclusions and exclusions. Health policy has been asymmetrically interested in women’s reproductive capacities and has sought to regulate, control, and manage aspects of women’s reproductive decision making in a manner unwitnessed in relation to men’s reproductive health and reproductive decision making. In other areas, research that addresses health concerns that affect both men and women sometimes is designed so as (...)
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  14.  41
    The Superiority of Women in the Seventeenth Century.Marguerite Deslauriers - 2022 - Journal of the American Philosophical Association 8 (1):1-19.
    Early feminist or pro-woman works often combine the claim that the rational souls of men and women are the same with an argument for the superiority of women. This article considers two such works, Lucrezia Marinella's The Nobility and Excellence of Women and the Defects and Vices of Men (Venice, 1601 [1999]) and Marguerite Buffet's In Praise of Illustrious Learned Women, both Ancient and Modern (Paris, 1668), in order to show the continuities and distinctive features of (...)
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  15. On Hegel, Women, and the Foundation of Ethical Life: Why Gender Doesn’t Belong in the Family.Laura Wildemann Kane - 2015 - Clio: A Journal of Literature, History, and the Philosophy of History 44 (1):1-17.
    Feminist philosophers are right to criticize Hegel’s prejudices against women. In many of his works, Hegel reduces women to their physiology as means of explaining why they occupy a subordinate role in nature and in society. Such treatment seems arbitrary at best, for the gendering of roles disrupts Hegel’s dialectical approach to spirit without any meaningful gain. Despite this defect in Hegel’s work, what is positive in Hegelian social and political philosophy remains intact. In this paper I argue (...)
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  16.  33
    Feminism and the biological body.Lynda I. A. Birke - 2000 - New Brunswich, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
    Birke, a feminist biologist who has written extensively on the connections between feminism and science, seeks to bridge the gap between feminist cultural analysis and science by looking "inside" the body, using ideas in anatomy and physiology to develop the feminist view that the biological body is socially and culturally constructed. She rejects the assumption that the body's functioning is fixed and unchanging, claiming that biological science offers more than just a deterministic narrative of how nature works. Annotation copyrighted by (...)
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  17. Impressions in the Brain: Malebranche on Women, and Women on Malebranche.Jacqueline Broad - 2012 - Intellectual History Review 22 (3):373-389.
    In his De la recherche de la vérité (The Search after Truth) of 1674-75, Nicolas Malebranche makes a number of apparently contradictory remarks about women and their capacity for pure intellectual thought. On the one hand, he seems to espouse a negative biological determinism about women’s minds, and on the other, he suggests that women have the free capacity to attain truth and happiness, regardless of their physiology. In the early eighteenth-century, four English women thinkers – (...)
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  18.  37
    Gender in the Temple: Women's Ailments in the Epidaurian Miracle Cures.Calloway Scott - 2018 - Classical Antiquity 37 (2):321-350.
    This paper compares the cases of female ailments recorded in the Epidaurian Miracles Cures with the theory and therapeutics of the Hippocratic gynecological texts as a means of testing the extent of the assumptions shared between temple and Hippocratic medicine. I argue that where temple and Hippocratic practice hold common ground, it is readily explicable through widely circulating and historically rooted cultural presuppositions regarding female physiology and pathology, rather than through scientific borrowings. Rather than representing complementary outlets of medical care (...)
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  19.  32
    Continuous Support Promotes Obstetric Labor Progress and Vaginal Delivery in Primiparous Women – A Randomized Controlled Study.Ylva Vladic Stjernholm, Paula da Silva Charvalho, Olga Bergdahl, Tomislav Vladic & Maria Petersson - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Background: Obstetric labor and childbirth are mostly regarded as a physiological process, whereas social, cultural, psychological and transcendental aspects have received less attention. Labor support has been suggested to promote labor progress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether continuous labor support by a midwife promotes labor progress and vaginal delivery.Material and Methods: A randomized controlled study at a university hospital in Sweden in 2015–17. Primiparous women with singleton pregnancy and spontaneous labor onset were randomized to continuous (...)
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  20.  37
    Hypatia's Daughters: Fifteen Hundred Years of Women Philosophers (review).Sue M. Weinberg - 1999 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 37 (1):164-165.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Hypatia’s Daughters: Fifteen Hundred Years of Women Philosophers ed. by Linda Lopez McAllisterSue M. WeinbergLinda Lopez McAllister, editor. Hypatia’s Daughters: Fifteen Hundred Years of Women Philosophers. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1996. Pp. xiv + 345. Cloth, $49.95. Paper, $22.50.Hypatia: born in the fourth century A.D.: philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, teacher; brutally murdered in Alexandria in 415 A.D—whether for holding religious views regarded as heretical or (...)
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  21.  9
    What Does CATS Have to Do With Cancer? The Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress (CATS) Forms the SURGE Model of Chronic Post-surgical Pain in Women With Breast Cancer.Alice Munk, Silje Endresen Reme & Henrik Børsting Jacobsen - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) represents a highly prevalent and significant clinical problem. Both major and minor surgeries entail risks of developing CPSP, and cancer-related surgery is no exception. As an example, more than 40% of women undergoing breast cancer surgery struggle with CPSP years after surgery. While we do not fully understand the pathophysiology of CPSP, we know it is multifaceted with biological, social, and psychological factors contributing. The aim of this review is to advocate for the role of (...)
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  22.  87
    Conceiving Wholeness: Women, Motherhood, and Ovarian Transplantation, 1902 and 2004.Sarah B. Rodriguez & Lisa Campo-Engelstein - 2011 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 54 (3):409-416.
    When one thinks about organ transplantation, the organs that usually come to mind are the heart, or possibly the kidney, the most commonly transplanted organ (UNOS 2008). Transplantations are generally regarded as necessary to the life of the person receiving the transplant or to physiologically improving that life: the transplant is seen as making the recipient “whole” once more (Lederer 2008). While many have commented on the various ethical issues brought forth by the clinical practice of organ transplantation, here we (...)
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  23.  7
    Redefining the Nature and Purpose of Sport: Transgender Women’s Inclusion.Miroslav Imbrisevic - 2024 - Fair Play 26 (1):79-98.
    This article critically examines the evolving policies surrounding the inclusion of transgender women in women’s sports categories, with a focus on the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) framework. The author highlights the implications of prioritizing inclusion over fairness, arguing that the fundamental value of fairness in sports is compromised when male-bodied athletes compete in female categories. Through a detailed analysis, the article explores the role of categorization in preserving equitable competition, the impact of physiological advantages, and the socio-cultural narratives (...)
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  24.  21
    The politics of tending to the body: Women doing yoga in Genoa (Italy).Emanuela Mangiarotti - 2023 - European Journal of Women's Studies 30 (1):22-36.
    Against a background of neoliberal precarity, the yoga industry promotes a practice experienced by, and inscribed on, the body that is meant to transcend physiological boundaries and expand individual and collective awareness. In this context, research on contemporary yoga has shed light on how women, and specific notions of womanhood, are key to a promise of wellness, healing, and self-realisation that is materialised by White, monied, slender female practitioners as embodiments of the proper way of undertaking self-care. The yoga (...)
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  25.  13
    Self-Deception about Fecundity in Women.Philip H. Crowley - 2020 - Human Nature 31 (4):421-442.
    Concealed fecundity and extended female sexual receptivity have evolved in some primates, including humans, conferring advantages both within primarily monogamous relationships and from extrapair liaisons. As humans evolved the intellectual capacity for decision-making, women became capable of altering their own fertility. In some circumstances, they may choose to ameliorate risks and responsibilities associated with pregnancy by reducing sexual motivation near the perceived most fecund time of their menstrual cycle. But three findings—a general inability of women to accurately recognize (...)
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  26.  8
    Only as a last resort: Sociocultural differences between women and men explain women's heightened reaction to threat, not evolutionary principles.Jeffrey R. Huntsinger & Akila Raoul - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e140.
    The target article proposed that women display greater self-protectiveness than men to major physical and social threats because such self-protective responses have higher fitness value for women than men. Rather than having evolutionary roots, we suggest the various physiological, behavioral, and emotional responses to social and physical threats exhibited more by women than men are instead rooted in sociocultural forces.
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  27.  12
    Sin carne: representaciones y simulacros del cuerpo femenino: tecnología, comunicación y poder.Mercedes Arriaga Flórez (ed.) - 2006 - [Sevilla]: Arcibel Editores.
  28.  45
    Feminism and the body.Londa L. Schiebinger (ed.) - 2000 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Feminism and the Body presents classic texts in feminist body studies. Intended for undergraduate and graduate students, the volume touches on the medical history of sexual differences, the political history of the body, the history of clothing and its cultural meanings, symbolic renderings of the body, male bodies, and the body in colonial and cross-cultural contexts.
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  29.  8
    Mujer, cuerpo y encierro.Silvia Chejter & Sylvie Frigon (eds.) - 2000 - Buenos Aires: CECYM-Centro de Encuentros Cultura y Mujer.
  30.  39
    Emotion control values and responding to an anger provocation in Asian-American and European-American individuals.Iris B. Mauss, Emily A. Butler, Nicole A. Roberts & Ann Chu - 2010 - Cognition and Emotion 24 (6):1026-1043.
    The present research examined whether Asian-American (AA) versus European-American (EA) women differed in experiential, expressive, or autonomic physiological responding to a laboratory anger provocation and assessed the mediating role of values about emotional control. Results indicate that AA participants reported and behaviourally displayed less anger than EA participants, while there were no group differences in physiological responses. Observed differences in emotional responses were partially mediated by emotion control values, suggesting a potential mechanism for effects of cultural background on anger (...)
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  31. Discrimination and bias in the vegan ideal.Kathryn Paxton George - 1994 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 7 (1):19-28.
    The vegan ideal is entailed by arguments for ethical veganism based on traditional moral theory (rights and/or utilitarianism) extended to animals. The most ideal lifestyle would abjure the use of animals or their products for food since animals suffer and have rights not to be killed. The ideal is discriminatory because the arguments presuppose a male physiological norm that gives a privileged position to adult, middle-class males living in industrialized countries. Women, children, the aged, and others have substantially different (...)
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  32.  15
    Hormonal Hierarchy: Hysterectomy and Stratified Stigma.Jean Elson - 2003 - Gender and Society 17 (5):750-770.
    Gynecological surgery prompts women to consider the meanings of their uteruses and ovaries, generally taken for granted as “natural” components of female bodies. Analysis of 44 in-depth interviews with women who underwent hysterectomy indicates that a preponderance of respondents conceptualized a socially constructed hormonal hierarchy based on the degree to which ovaries were excised in the course of surgery. While retained ovaries may not always produce actual physiological benefits, respondents placed great symbolic value on ovaries as the source (...)
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  33. Pre-Theoretical Assumptions in Evolutionary Explanations of female sexuality.Elisabeth A. Lloyd - 1993 - Philosophical Studies 69 (2-3):139-153.
    My contribution to this Symposium focuses on the links between sexuality and reproduction from the evolutionary point of view.' The relation between women's sexuality and reproduction is particularly importantb ecause of a vital intersectionb etweenp olitics and biology feminists have noticed, for more than a century, that women's identity is often defined in terms of her reproductive capacity. More recently, in the second wave of the feminist movement in the United States, debates about women'si dentityh ave explicitlyi (...)
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  34.  30
    Therapeutic Orphans.Jennifer E. Miller & Marie-Catherine Letendre - 2019 - The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 19 (1):27-35.
    Children and pregnant women are often excluded from clinical research. This has resulted in a paucity of evidence on how medicines work for fetuses, neonates, infants, and adolescents. It also raises bioethics, scientific, and public health concerns. For over half a century, doctors have prescribed medicines to children largely on the basis of how they work in adults, despite children’s varied physiologies and differences in how their bodies absorb and metabolize drugs. Regulations and legislation have led to an increase (...)
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  35.  84
    Does midwifery-led care demonstrate care ethics: A template analysis.Kate Buchanan, Elizabeth Newnham, Deborah Ireson, Clare Davison & Sara Bayes - 2022 - Nursing Ethics 29 (1):245-257.
    Background: Ethical care in maternity is fundamental to providing care that both prevents harm and does good, and yet, there is growing acknowledgement that disrespect and abuse routinely occur in this context, which indicates that current ethical frameworks are not adequate. Care ethics offers an alternative to the traditional biomedical ethical principles. Research aim: The aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation exists between midwifery-led care and care ethics as an important first step in an action research (...)
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  36.  78
    A Critical Review of Methodologies and Results in Recent Research on Belief in Free Will.Esthelle Ewusi-Boisvert & Eric Racine - 2017 - Neuroethics 11 (1):97-110.
    There might be value in examining the phenomenon of free will, without attempting to solve the debate surrounding its existence. Studies have suggested that diminishing belief in free will increases cheating behavior and that basic physiological states such as appetite diminish free will. These findings, if robust, could have important philosophical and ethical implications. Accordingly, we aimed to critically review methodologies and results in the body of literature that speaks to the two following questions: whether certain factors can change belief (...)
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  37.  35
    No Sex or Age Difference in Dead-Reckoning Ability among Tsimane Forager-Horticulturalists.Benjamin C. Trumble, Steven J. C. Gaulin, Matt D. Dunbar, Hillard Kaplan & Michael Gurven - 2016 - Human Nature 27 (1):51-67.
    Sex differences in reproductive strategy and the sexual division of labor resulted in selection for and maintenance of sexual dimorphism across a wide range of characteristics, including body size, hormonal physiology, behavior, and perhaps spatial abilities. In laboratory tasks among undergraduates there is a general male advantage for navigational and mental-rotation tasks, whereas studies find female advantage for remembering item locations in complex arrays and the locations of plant foods. Adaptive explanations of sex differences in these spatial abilities have focused (...)
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  38.  18
    The whole versus the sum of some of the parts: toward resolving the apparent controversy of clitoral versus vaginal orgasms.James G. Pfaus, Gonzalo R. Quintana, Conall Mac Cionnaith & Mayte Parada - 2016 - Socioaffective Neuroscience and Psychology 6.
    BackgroundThe nature of a woman’s orgasm has been a source of scientific, political, and cultural debate for over a century. Since the Victorian era, the pendulum has swung from the vagina to the clitoris, and to some extent back again, with the current debate stuck over whether internal sensory structures exist in the vagina that could account for orgasms based largely on their stimulation, or whether stimulation of the external glans clitoris is always necessary for orgasm.MethodWe review the history of (...)
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  39. Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology.Daniel Kahneman, Edward Diener & Norbert Schwarz (eds.) - 1999 - Russell Sage Foundation.
    The nature of well-being is one of the most enduring and elusive subjects of human inquiry. Well-Being draws upon the latest scientific research to transform our understanding of this ancient question. With contributions from leading authorities in psychology, social psychology, and neuroscience, this volume presents the definitive account of current scientific efforts to understand human pleasure and pain, contentment and despair. The distinguished contributors to this volume combine a rigorous analysis of human sensations, emotions, and moods with a broad assessment (...)
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  40. Sport: A Philosophical Inquiry.Paul Weiss - 1969 - Carbondale,: Southern Illinois University Press.
    In a wide-ranging study of unusual interest, Paul Weiss, Sterling Professor of Philosophy at Yale University, applies the principles and methods of philosophy to athletics. Every culture, he notes, has games of some kind; few activities seem to interest both children and young men as much as sports do; and few attract so many spectators, rich and poor. Yet none of the great philosophers, claiming to take all knowledge and being as their province, have made more than a passing reference (...)
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  41.  9
    Reducing Test Anxiety by Device-Guided Breathing: A Pilot Study.Zehava Ovadia-Blechman, Ricardo Tarrasch, Maria Velicki & Hila Chalutz Ben-Gal - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Test anxiety remains a challenge for students and has considerable physiological and psychological impacts. The routine practice of slow, Device-Guided Breathing is a major component of behavioral treatments for anxiety conditions. This paper addresses the effectiveness of using DGB as a self-treatment clinical tool for test anxiety reduction. This pilot study sample included 21 healthy men and women, all college students, between the ages of 20 and 30. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: DGB practice and wait-list control. (...)
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  42.  32
    Addressing or reinforcing injustice? Artificial amnion and placenta technology, loss-sensitive care and racial inequities in preterm birth.Sophie L. Schott, Faith Fletcher, Alice Story & April Adams - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (5):316-317.
    Preterm birth is defined as delivery occurring before 37 weeks gestation.1 Infants born prematurely have increased risks of morbidity and mortality throughout life, especially during the first year. These risks increase as the gestational age at birth decreases.2 Additionally, there are significant racial and ethnic differences in preterm birth rates. In 2022, the rate of preterm birth among non-Hispanic black women was approximately 50% higher than that observed in non-Hispanic white women.1 The outcomes for these infants are also (...)
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  43.  43
    Meanings of Sex Difference in the Middle Ages: Medicine, Science, and Culture.Joan Cadden - 1993 - Cambridge University Press.
    In describing and explaining the sexes, medicine and science participated in the delineation of what was "feminine" and what was "masculine" in the Middle Ages. Hildegard of Bingen and Albertus Magnus, among others, writing about gynecology, the human constitution, fetal development, or the naturalistic dimensions of divine Creation, became increasingly interested in issues surrounding reproduction and sexuality. Did women as well as men produce procreative seed? How did the physiology of the sexes influence their healthy states and their susceptibility (...)
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  44. Transwomen in elite sport: scientific and ethical considerations.Taryn Knox, Lynley C. Anderson & Alison Heather - 2019 - Journal of Medical Ethics 45 (6):395-403.
    The inclusion of elite transwomen athletes in sport is controversial. The recent International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2015) guidelines allow transwomen to compete in the women’s division if (amongst other things) their testosterone is held below 10 nmol/L. This is significantly higher than that of cis-women. Science demonstrates that high testosterone and other male physiology provides a performance advantage in sport suggesting that transwomen retain some of that advantage. To determine whether the advantage is unfair necessitates an ethical analysis (...)
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  45.  28
    The mode of reproduction in transition:: A marxist-feminist analysis of the effects of reproductive technologies.Martha E. Gimenez - 1991 - Gender and Society 5 (3):334-350.
    There is an abundant and growing feminist literature examining the implications of reproductive technologies that separate genetic, physiological, and social motherhood. The literature explains the development of these technologies in terms of the motivations of men, stressing the victimization of women by the medical and legal institutions and the commodification of these technologies. This article examines these technologies from a Marxist-Feminist perspective, locating their sources in the overall development of the forces of production; that is, in structural changes irreducible (...)
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  46.  31
    The case of poor postpartum mental health: a consequence of an evolutionary mismatch – not of an evolutionary trade-off.Orli Dahan - 2023 - Biology and Philosophy 38 (3):1-21.
    Postpartum mood disorders develop shortly after childbirth in a significant proportion of women and have severe effects. Two evolutionary explanations are currently available. The first is that poor postpartum mental health is a consequence of an evolutionary trade-off – a compromise of neurological changes in the maternal brain during pregnancy which, on the one hand, maintain pregnancy, and on the other, increase the likelihood for postpartum women to develop psychopathology. The second explanation is that poor postpartum mental health (...)
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  47.  18
    “Menstrual Health is a complete state of physical, men-tal and social well-being”: therapeutic searches, market and subjectivation processes in Argentine Menstrual Activism.Núria Calafell Sala - 2024 - Recerca.Revista de Pensament I Anàlisi 29 (1).
    This article presents a critical discursive analysis around the concept of menstrual health in a series of texts published in book format and in social networks in the last five years (2019-2023) by different activists and menstrual educators in Argentina. In a reading itinerary that goes from the singular to the collective, I identify the configuration of an experiential episteme that redefines the menstruating body as informational and multidimensional, which enables that, in addition to a physiological dimension, its role in (...)
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    Revisiting “The Maximin Strategy in Modern Obstetrics”.Howard Brody & Carol Sakala - 2013 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 24 (3):198-296.
    Published in 1981, “The Maximin Strategy in Modern Obstetrics” offered two claims—first, that obstetrical interventions ought to be assessed not singly, but rather as packages of interconnected measures that could cumulatively increase risks of harm; and second, that many of these interventions, considered either singly or as a package, lacked a sound evidence base. The first claim has been well supported by later literature, although the term “cascade effect” has proven a more felicitous descriptor for the phenomenon of interventions that (...)
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  49. Artificial Ef-femination.Marla Morton-Brown - 2004 - Philosophy in the Contemporary World 11 (1):27-34.
    Many feminist and queer scholars believe that one way to fight racism, sexism and homophobia is to challenge identity labels---ideas of what it means to be “black,” “gay,” “white,” “woman,” “lesbian.” Biology, however, continues to thwart this political agenda; the Body---the biological reality of skin color and sex chromosomes---makes it difficult to propose the idea that identity labels are merely social constructs, not natural facts. Female bodybuilding is a performance that literalizes the body as a site of artificial construction, of (...)
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    Ideas and ideals: Honouring Joyce Mitchell cook.Anita L. Allen - 2021 - Think 20 (59):31-47.
    In the twentieth century, most PhD-trained academic philosophers in both the United States and United Kingdom were white men. The first black woman to earn a PhD in Philosophy was Joyce E. Mitchell Cook. A preacher's daughter from a small town in western Pennsylvania, Cook earned a BA from Bryn Mawr College. She went on to earn degrees in Psychology, Philosophy and Physiology from St Hilda's College at Oxford University before earning a PhD in Philosophy from Yale University in 1965. (...)
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