Recenzowana monografia naukowa dotyczy wybranych, niezwykle ważnych kwestii społecznych i etycznych, związanych z poszczególnymi etapami życia ludzkiego: jego początkiem, trwaniem i śmiercią. Składa się z dziewięciu artykułów, które łącznie tworzą szeroką panoramę współczesnych problemów bioetycznych. […] Jest przykładem ich dobrego diagnozowania, aktualizowania refleksji nad nimi i proponowania konkretnych rozwiązań, które odwołują się – co bardzo cenne – do rodzimych przykładów. […] Adresatami publikacji mogą być zarówno osoby profesjonalnie związane z szeroko rozumianą służbą zdrowia, studenci kierunków medycznych, jak i pacjenci oraz (...) ich rodziny, a także osoby zawodowo organizujące wsparcie w trudnych sytuacjach. Publikacja zainteresuje także osoby, które poszukują refleksji nad społecznie ważnymi kwestiami bioetycznymi, ukazanymi w perspektywie personalistycznej. Z recenzji ks. dr. hab. Zbigniewa Wanata, prof. UMK Monografia zawiera szereg interesujących tekstów analizujących dylematy moralne związane z początkiem i końcem ludzkiego życia. Poruszane zagadnienia są ważne i aktualne. W części pierwszej znajdują się opracowania dotyczące kwestii prenatalnych i okołoporodowych, w części drugiej – kwestii terminalnych, a na końcu tekst zwieńczający, dotyczący pojęcia sumienia […] Szczególnie cenne wydają się teksty prezentujące obszerne wyniki badań własnych (np. opieki nad dziećmi z zespołem Downa) i funkcjonowanie niedawno powstałych instytucji (jak hospicja perinatalne) albo opisujące proponowane procedury postępowania w praktyce (np. w stosunku do osób umierających). Inne teksty, nawet jeśli dotyczą zagadnień znanych (np. diagnostyki prenatalnej lub opieki nad ciężarnymi niepełnosprawnymi), omawiają je w sposób porządkujący dotychczasową wiedzę. Powyższe sprawia, że monografię można uznać za dzieło oryginalne. […] Wśród Autorów poszczególnych rozdziałów znajdują się osoby rozpoznawalne w środowisku medycznym i bioetycznym, co sprawia, że publikacja powinna cieszyć się zainteresowaniem w tych kręgach, a sformułowane w niej postulaty mogą mieć wartość aplikacyjną. Z recenzji dr. hab. med. Jakuba Pawlikowskiego, prof. UKSW. (shrink)

Author: Lipski Dawid Title: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ’S ANALYSIS OF ARISTOTLE’S PHILOSOPHY SYSTEM (Władysława Tatarkiewicza analiza systemu filozofii Arystotelesa) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 521-534 Keywords: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, METAPHYSICS OF ARISTOTLE’S Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The paper attempts to present and critique the original analysis of Aristotle’s philosophy system, especially the layout and meaning of basic concepts in this system, which was performed by Władysław Tatarkiewicz in his (...) dissertation. The author, trying to conceive the overall philosophy of Aristotle through analysis of its key concepts, advanced thesis that Aristotle’s philosophical views on the “science of being” do not form a single compact system, but rather a plural and multi-layered model, in which each of the individual “layers” has an appropriate system of concepts. Although this diversity causes certain pluralism of principles within the system, there is one point – νοũς, which remains the principle uniting the whole order. It is the guarantor of order, unity of the system, but at the same time it also allows differences of entities. Divine νοũς becomes the last word in metaphysics. Keywords: Władysław Tatarkiewicz, metaphysics of Aristotle’s. (shrink)

Author: Bogusz-Bołtuć Ewa Title: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ’S DISJUNCTIVE DEFINITION OF ART. IN ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY OF ART (Władysława Tatarkiewicza alternatywna definicja sztuki a analityczna filozofia sztuki) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 591-600 Keywords: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, ALTERNATIVE DEFINITION OF ART, DISJUNCTIVE DEFINITION OF ART, BERYS GAUT Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:As a historian of ideas, Władysław Tatarkiewicz sought to introduce order to the meanders of philosophical debates of the (...) past, but as a philosopher, he tried to determine what a given thing is. In this essay I will attempt to show that the voice of Tatarkiewicz was significant for the philosophical debate about ‘what art is?’. In the fifties of the twentieth century, Morris Weitz concluded that defining art through describing the necessary and sufficient conditions for something to be a work of art, is unfounded. His thesis not only began the anti-essentialist trend in analytic aesthetics, but also prompted attempts to define art by drawing attention to its relational properties. In the disjunctive definition of art, which he formulated in the late 1960s, Władysław Tatarkiewicz opened a new option, where to get something regarded as a work; it is enough to set certain minimal sufficient conditions. What’s more, this way of defining art seems to be one of the more promising projects. The latest version of the disjunctive definition of art, the cluster definition of art by Berys Gaut, is also part of a trend set by the Tatarkiewicz’s definition. (shrink)

Author: Kuczyńska Alicja Title: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ’S VISION OF THE OTHER (Władysława Tatarkiewicza wizja Innego) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 451-458 Keywords: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, MASTER, PUPIL Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The author locates her memoirs about Tatarkiewicz in the context of dialogical philosophy of Levinas and the Georg Steiner’s category: master – pupil.

Author: Nowik Andrzej Marek Title: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ’S HISTORIOGRAPHY FROM THE METHODOLOGICAL POLEMICS POINT OF VIEW (Historiografia Władysława Tatarkiewicza w kontekście sporów metodologicznych) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 497-503 Keywords: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, MODERN PHILOSOPHY, METHODOLOGY Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The purpose of this article is to show the main trends in philosophy that influenced Władyslaw Tatarkiewicz’s science research, with special consideration of neo-Kantianism (the (...) Marburg and the Baden Schools). Władysław Tatarkiewicz, one of the most significant polish historians of philosophy, rarely made comments on his preferred methods and on his concept of history of philosophy. Nevertheless, many of the methodological issues raised by Tatarkiewicz are focused on the problem of historical synthesis, at which the historian is obliged to make specific assessment concerning the subject matter of the research. Tatarkiewicz’s position on historiography indicates its relationship with remaining humanistic disciplines. (shrink)

Author: Pepliński Marek Title: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ’S ANALYSIS OF MEANING OF “HAPPINESS” (Władysława Tatarkiewicza analiza terminu „szczęście”) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 633-674 Keywords: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, PHILOSOPHICAL THEORY OF HAPPINESS, EMOTION, PLEASURE, EUDAIMONIA Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: marek[DOT]peplinski[AT]univ[DOT]gda[DOT]pl www:Władysław Tatarkiewicz work on philosophical and moral psychology, particularly on theory of happiness is still example of the best kind of analytical and close to phenomenological analysis of our (...) speaking and thinking about the topics in question. He distinguishes four main different meanings of Polish word ‘szczęście’ and present a new classification of them based on two principles: the opposition of subjective and objective and between ordinary and philosophical language. Accordingly we can speak about luck, positive psychological states like different kinds of good emotions or feelings and pleasure, Greek eudaimonia and specifically philosophical, a very correct concept of happiness as a rationally justified deep and comprehensive satisfaction of one’s life taken in its wholeness. In this paper I present critically his classification and argue that subjective meanings are always related to objective concepts. (shrink)

Author: Dziemidok Bohdan Title: AXIOLOGY OF WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ (Aksjologia Władysława Tatarkiewicza) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 459-472 Keywords: AXIOLOGY, AESTHETIC THEORY, WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, OLD AGE Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:Władysław Tatarkiewicz was not only a co-creator of Polish aesthetics (aside Roman Ingarden, Stanisław Ossowski and Mieczysław Wallis) but also, aside Henryk Elzenberg, a co-creator of Polish axiology. Main issues of Tatarkiewicz’s axiological development were: value and (...) validation theory and happiness and perfection theory. His undebatable achievement in axiological discourse is justification of the need to acknowledge relationism as a middle ground position between objectivism and subjectivism and axiological pluralism as a position different from absolutism and axiological relativism. The article presents not only axiology explicite, contained in his theoretical works, but also tries to reconstruct Tatarkiewicz’s personal axiology, which guided him throughout his long life. The personal axiology of his, I tried to reconstruct based on his memoirs, interviews he gave, letters and my personal contacts with him. (shrink)

Celem artykułu jest odsłonięcie nowych sensów symbolicznych _Cmentarzyska_ Władysława Stanisława Reymonta poprzez poddanie tekstu oglądowi z perspektywy widmontologii, koncepcji filozoficznej i metodologii badawczej autorstwa Jacques’a Derridy. Szczególnie istotny jest dla niej motyw światła i cienia oraz emersji, stopniowego wyłaniania się obiektów z mroku. W tekście światło kojarzone jest z wiedzą, informacją, dźwiękiem rozmowy, zaś ciemność oznacza milczenie, napięcie i oczekiwanie. Zwycięstwo światła nad cieniem ma silne konotacje symboliczne, zarówno w kontekście religijnym – triumf dobra nad złem, jak i filozoficznym (...) – oświecenie wypierające obskurantyzm. W teorii Derridy rola światła jest nierozerwalnie związana z kategorią obecności, objawienia istnienia. Filozof dekonstruuje to klasyczne znaczenie, wprowadzając pojęcia widm, śladów oraz odraczania apokalipsy, rozumianej jako odsłonięcie prawdy. Analiza widmontologiczna prowadzi do konstatacji, że osobiste doświadczenia autora stały się źródłem widma rewolucji, zaś tekst jest manifestacją jego nawiedzenia. Czerwień _Cmentarzyska_ to wcielenie apokalipsy, zapowiedź kataklizmu nadciagającego nad fabryczne miasto, z pewnością inspirowane Łodzią przełomu XIX i XX stulecia. (shrink)

Author: Szutta Artur Title: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ’S CONCEPT OF THE ‘THIRD STATES’ (Stany trzecie w ujęciu Władysława Tatarkiewicza) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 617-627 Keywords: “THIRD STATES”, LEISURE, PHILOSOPHY, THEORY, INTELLECT, SENSE OF LIFE, WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, JOSEPH PIEPER Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The article treats on the concept of “third states” (as opposed to the other two kinds of states: those of work and entertainment) introduced by (...) Władysław Tatarkiewicz in his treatise On Happiness. A thorough analysis of the passage on “third states” as well as of the very concept allows to see its relevance to the considerations on such important philosophical questions as those of the nature of doing philosophy, the meaning of life, intellectual intuition, theoria or contemplation. The paper consists of five parts. The first part is focused on Tatarkiewicz’s understanding of “third states” as well as on a phenomenological analysis of the concept itself. The second part is a kind of extension of the analysis enriched by Josef Pieper’s interpretation of the idea of leisure which I find very close to what Tatarkiewicz means by “third states”. In the light of the analysis the concept of the ‘third states’ turns out to be very inspiring and useful in dealing with a number of philosophical questions, which is shown in the fourth part of the paper. The final step consists of questioning the above conclusion by short outlining a possible naturalistic interpretation of the ‘third states’ in the light of which the picture of philosophy, human life or human cognition, based on the concept of the ‘third states’ might turn out to be a mere illusion. I do not give a final answer to this question but treat the conclusion of the paper as an invitation to a deeper consideration of the matter. (shrink)

Author: Wiśniewski Ryszard Title: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ’S LESSON OF PHILOSOPHY (Lekcja filozofii Władysława Tatarkiewicza) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 473-485 Keywords: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, THE ORDER OF TERMS, THE METHOD SEMANTIC-HISTORIC, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, AXIOLOGY, POLISH PHILOSOPHY Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The article discusses the important lessons that flow from the study of the way of philosophizing by Władysław Tatarkiewicz. Based on the study of his multi-scientific achievements, (...) the author has selected several core philosophical teachings, which in his opinion, should consider adopting today: 1 The primary task of philosophy is to organize concepts shaping the image of the world. 2nd Order and clarity of thought are achieved by using the method of semantic-historical analysis. 3rd The need for order and clarity leads to the history of philosophy, exploring the origin and evolution of concepts. 4th Philosophy is not yet a personal belief of man. 5th Organizing the world picture has axiological sense. 6th The most difficult issues arise in the theories of the middle range in the space between the general and very detailed, specified scientific studies. 7th The duty of the philosopher is to be interested in the history of native (Polish) philosophy. (shrink)

Author: Siwiec Marek Kazimierz Title: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ’S VIEWS ON CREATIVITY WITH REGARDS to a Creative Source (Koncepcja twórczości Władysława Tatarkiewicza a twórcze źródło) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 573-590 Keywords: CREATIVITY, CREATIVE SOURCE, PLURALISTIC AESTHETICS, WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, KARL JASPERS, BARBARA SKARGA, GEORG SIMMEL Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:In the essay – which consists of the three parts – the author tries to show Władysław Tatarkiewicz’s views (...) on problems of the creativity as a basis to considerations on the creative source. In the first part the author outlines a point of view of a creator such as an artist, a poet, a composer. In the second part we can see the author sketching the problems of creativity and the creator itself. At the beginning he focuses on the Tatarkiewicz’s programme of pluralistic aesthetics with important discerning notions of aesthetics explicite and aesthetics implicite. The latter relates to works of art and the aesthetics views of the artists which can be found within. Afterwards he discusses main notions of the creator and the creativity i.e. poetic creativity, divine creativity, artistic creativity, human creativity. More carefully he examines contemporary approach of the creativity by Tatarkiewicz and analyses two criteria of it: high level of a novelty and a large outlay of an intellectual energy. The author notices a certain difficulty of the approach, namely a repetition of the intellectual energy in both criteria, yet he proposes a solution to the issue: first criterion relates to potential energy as a certain possibility, whereas the second relates to energy effectively implemented by the creator. He also discusses relation between the creativity and culture. In the third part the author approaches the problems of the creative source. He discusses views of Karl Jaspers, Barbara Skarga and Georg Simmel. In the conclusion the author defines the creative source as a task and a way of the creator. He points out that Tatarkiewicz’s view can be good groundwork to developing further considerations on the issue of the creative source. (shrink)

Author: Czardybon Barbara Title: THE MARBURG EXPERIENCES OF WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ AND BORIS L. PASTERNAK (Doświadczenia marburskie Władysława Tatarkiewicza i Borysa L. Pasternaka) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 505-520 Keywords: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, BORIS L. PASTERNAK, HERMANN COHEN, NEO-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The article deals with the Marburg studies of Władysław Tatarkiewicz and Boris L. Pasternak, especially with the principles and the research practices prevailing at (...) The Philipps University of Marburg. The main bibliographic sources present the memoirs of Tatarkiewicz. When discussing Pasternak’s activities, plans and thoughts, is used of his Marburg correspondence and his autobiographical prose. The article shows Marburg’s influence on personality and views of both thinkers. There is Tatarkiewicz and Pasternak’s similarity of their experiences. This article takes up the problem of the defensive nature of the Marburg school of neo-Kantian philosophy, i.e. its doctrinal closure. In the case of Tatarkiewicz, his contact with the professors of the University of Marburg was conducived to working on his own, different philosophical outlook. It is surprising that Pasternak’s attitude as an artist was influenced by the Marburg philosophical thought. The Marburg studies have provided him an ease to use the philosophical vocabulary. (shrink)

The main purpose of this article is to show the general development of Władysław Sebyła’s works in his next tomes Pieśni szczurołapa (Song of the ratcatcher), Koncert egotyczny (Egotic concert), Obrazy myśli (Views of thoughts). Poetry for Sebyła is the way of finding a man, showing the truth about himself by means of a literal word. Like also expressing a beauty of a nature, world by leading a dialog with himself. Besides he is looking for new people with whom he (...) could talk about the significance of life. He supports on the authority of Cyprian Kamil Norwid and Jan Lechoń. His poetry is not to give any answer to the problems but to ask neverending questions. (shrink)

This article is an attempt to reconstruct and analyse the outline of hierarchy of goods in the ethics of Professor Władysław Tatarkiewicz, a distinguished Polish historian of philosophy and aesthetics, a well known philosopher and aesthetician, but somewhat underestimated, in the opinion of the author of this article, as a moral philosopher. In his opinion Władysław Tatarkiewicz emphasized the specific features of his philosophical position most clearly in his monographs “On the Absoluteness of Goodness”, “On Happiness”, and minor axiological papers. (...) In his philosophy ethics is equated with axiology and provides a clue for reconstruction of the whole system of his views. (shrink)

Author: Horecka Aleksandra Title: THE CONCEPT OF AESTHETICAL VALUE IN TATARKIEWICZ’S PAPERS (Pojęcie wartości estetycznej w pracach Władysława Tatarkiewicza) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 601-615 Keywords: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, AESTHETICAL VALUE, ONTOLOGICAL CATEGORY Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The purpose of this paper is to report and analyse the main theses of Tatarkiewicz’s theory of aesthetic value. We concentrate on ontological problems – what is aesthetical value and (...) what is the ontological category of valuable object. Tatarkiewicz claims, that: “The term ‘value’ refers to an abstract: property of thing, or to a concrete: to thing endowed with this property”. Many types of aesthetic value (aesthetic value in narrow sense, literary value and poetical value) exist. The only difference between using concept of aesthetic value only in positive sense and using concept of aesthetic value both – in positive and negative sense – is formal. Concerning thesis (1) we claim, that expression “thing” in Tatarkiewicz’s theory is the synonym for “physical object”; not only material objects, but also physical events and processes are Tatarkiewicz’s things as well. In our opinion the concept of aesthetic value proposed by Tatarkiewicz is objective, therefore formulation of thesis of aesthetic subjectivity, which Tatarkiewicz also did, is problematical. Using Tatarkiewicz’s terminology, we construct concept of value as a state of affairs (that some object is endowed with value-property) and we accept monocathegoriality of values (value is a property, a thing endowed with this property or a state of affairs). Concerning thesis (2) we divide all objects into semantic and asemantic and we claim, that in Tatarkiewicz’s theory, only asemantic objects or semantic but semantically uninterpreted object could be endowed with aesthetic value in narrow sense. The aesthetic value in narrow sense is its property considering its appearance or structure. As to the literary and poetical values – they are ascribed to semantic object in consideration of represented object. Concerning thesis (3) we argue, that it is significant whether we use concept of value only in positive sense or both – in positive and negative sense. Only in language with both expressions (“positive aesthetic value” and “negative aesthetic value”) we can formulate the theses about aesthetically neutral objects. (shrink)

Author: Konstańczak Stefan Title: EXISTENTIAL MEANING OF SUFFERING IN AXIOLOGY OF WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ (Egzystencjalne znaczenie cierpienia w aksjologii Władysława Tatarkiewicza) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 629-642 Keywords: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, ETHICS, SUFFERING, HAPPINESS, INJUSTICE, MORAL COMPENSATION, MINIMIZING OF SUFFERING, HAPPINESS Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The problem of human suffering was not the subject of a separate publication by Władysław Tatarkiewicz. However, such theme matter appeared in a (...) few of his important publications, including his post-doctoral thesis “On inexorability of the good”, after-war publication “On happiness” and a small treatise “Ethical bases of revindication and compensation” justifying Polish claims for reparations after the warfare. Tatarkiewicz made a distinction between physical and spiritual suffering, but each one was always considered as a bad thing. War experience changed his attitude in this matter and therefore he admitted that it is impossible to eliminate suffering from human life and hence he claimed that one can experience happiness even in spite of some negative sensations. Age is not an obstacle to feel it either. However, he pointed out that undeserved suffering justifiably demands a compensation and the lack of it or evasion from redressing the wrong are immoral. One cannot evade a duty of minimizing of suffering because even personal suffering cannot be the reason of drawing back from moral duties fulfillment. (shrink)

The purpose of the paper is to argue for the view that Władysław Tatarkiewicz’s Historia filozofii [History of Philosophy] (1931) cannot be regarded as a work derived from the philosophical tradition of the Lvov‑Warsaw School. Tatarkiewicz was inspired to take up the history of philosophy thanks to his studies in Marburg (1909). When he came into contact with Twardowski and his students, Tatarkiewicz noticed that the history of philosophy was regarded by them as a discipline belonging to the field of (...) history, and was sometimes completely disregarded. The fact that the postulate of order and clarity of language brought Tatarkiewicz closer to Twardowski seems to have been due to Tatarkiewicz’s personal inclinations rather than to Twardowski’s influence on him. (shrink)

Władysław Witwicki’s suppositional conception of religious faith was presented extensively in his book La foi des éclairés [Faith of the Enlightened] (1939). The aim of this work was to investigate how so‑called enlightened people (i.e. those with at least a secondary education) reconcile secular knowledge with religious faith. The empirical research presented by Witwicki was based on a number of concepts, such as judgment, supposition, psychological principle of contradiction, sincere belief and insincere belief. Witwicki concluded that the faith of enlightened (...) people consists of suppositions which are held against secular beliefs. However, this conclusion was not sufficiently justified and can only be applied to a certain group of believers. (shrink)

In the paper, I take up the problem of felicitology examined by Władysław Tatarkiewicz. I try to establish its place in practical philosophy, determine its relation to general ethics, analyse the definition of happiness given in it, and discuss the main theories of happiness. Finally, I show the uniqueness of Tatarkiewicz’s treatise O szczęściu [Analysis of Happiness] (1947) by juxtaposing it with similar works written nowadays by other Polish and Western European authors.

The paper deals with a comparative analysis of several contemporary conceptions of biological evolutions and the problem of the origins of life. These conceptions are philosophically oriented in respect to establishing the relation between life and the rest of material reality, and also regarding the status of biology towards other domains of science. The approaches of I. Prigogine, M. Eigen, F. Dyson and B.O. Küppers are inclined to such an understanding of the genesis of biological information, in which it is (...) perceived as an inevitable consequence of a uniform sequence of transformations taking place in the Universe. At the same time it also implies a reductionist point of view on the question of how biology is situated in relation to other natural sciences. The conception of M. Kimura stands in opposition to the opinion that life phenomena ensue necessarily from the functioning physico-chemical regularities. It refers, however, to the theoretical possibilities from within the scope of chemistry and mathematical statistics. The only conception that advocates autonomy and a distinct identity of biology as a scientific domain, independent theoeretically of the other natural sciences, is the conception of evolution proposed by W. Kunicki-Goldfinger. Because his approach cares for the identity of biology as an independent scientific discipline, it deserves particular distinction. (shrink)

Author: Mróz Tomasz Title: TWO IMAGES OF PLATO IN THE WORKS OF WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ (Dwa wizerunki Platona w twórczości Władysława Tatarkiewicza) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.13/14, number: 2011/2-3, pages: 535-557 Keywords: WŁADYSŁAW TATARKIEWICZ, PLATO, NEO-KANTIAN, PAUL NATORP, RECEPTION OF THE PLATO IN POLAND, THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE 20TH CENTURY Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The paper discusses two different approaches of W. Tatarkiewicz to Plato and Platonism. As (...) a former student of the neo-Kantian school in Marburg he shared Paul Natorp’s reading of Plato’s theory of ideas. Tatarkiewicz expressed his agreement with Natorp’s interpretation of the ideas as laws and explanations, in a paper titled A Dispute about Plato (Spór o Platona, 1911). Twenty years later, however, while working on his academic textbook of the history of philosophy, Tatarkiewicz presented Plato’s philosophy in a more balanced manner. In his History of Philosophy two interpretations of the theory of ideas – traditional, Aristotelian and neo-Kantian – were both presented as well-founded. The differences between these two images of Plato in Tatarkiewicz’s works are emphasized. Moreover, some remarks on the reception of the neo-Kantian interpretation of Plato in Poland are presented, as well as the early reaction on the monumental Tatarkiewicz’s History of Philosophy. (shrink)

The objective of the paper is a presentation and an interpretation of Władysław Stróżewski’s views on aesthetics. Built upon the foundation provided by classical metaphysics, Stróżewski’s aesthetics is simultaneously a continuation of the tradition of phenomenological interpretation of art. Stróżewski extends Roman Ingarden’s aesthetic theory by including the idea of numinous concretion, largely inspired by the works of Rudolf Otto. As a result, this new phenomenological perspective transcends the narrowly understood ‘aesthetics’ of the work of art towards the inherent dimension (...) of the sacred. Moreover, Stróżewski’s scrutiny of the aspect of art that goes beyond the aesthetic reveals an important relationship obtaining between his insights and the theological aesthetics of Hans Urs von Balthasar. Thus Stróżewski’s ideas turn out to be of significance to contemporary aesthetic and theological debates. In particular, he shows the movement of beauty from aesthetic to transcendental, and ultimately towards the sacred, where numinosum is manifested as Mystery. (shrink)

The first part of the article contains a logical reconstruction and a methodological analysis of some aspects of the famous Władysław Witiwcki’s work “Faith of Enlightened”. In particular, the classifications of believers and the principles of these classifications are analyzed; methodological errors committed by Witwicki are indicated. In the second part of the text, Witwicki's distinctions are illustrated by attitudes towards God and faith represented by four representatives of the Lvov-Warsaw School: Kazimierz Twardowski, Jan Łukasiewicz, Tadeusz Kotarbiński, and Józef Maria (...) Bocheński. (shrink)