The aim of this article is to revisit Clement of Alexandria’s Paedagogus 2.5.45-8 discussing whether Clement holds a moderate position οf laughter or, like most early Christians, tends to an “antigelastic” position. Some scholars, such as Stephen Halliwell and Laura Rizzerio, have concluded that Clement holds an intermediate position between an optimistic approach to laughter and its condemnation. However, in this essay we argue that while Clement’s position is not a straightforward antigelastic one, his apparent acceptance of laughter is so (...) narrow that his moderate view ends up being compromised. Ultimately, he is strongly inclined to condemn laughter and to prescribe an ascetic life devoid of laughter. (shrink)

En este artículo, intentamos demostrar en qué medida la teoria platónica de lo escrito –cuyas reglas se encuentran, principalmente, en la parte conclusiva del Fedro y en el excursus filosófico de la Carta VII– sea instrumento fundamental para la comprensión de la estructura compositiva del Teeteto. Siendo esto así, reconstruimos, en perspectiva prosopográfica y en armonía con aquellas reglas –según las cuales el mensaje filosófico debe adecuarse a la capacidad de aprehensión del deuteragonista– los perfiles de los personajes centrales del (...) Teeteto, determinando sus funciones teatrograficas en el interior del diálogo. Palabras clave: República; Teeteto; Prosografía; Drama; InterpretaciónIn this paper we attempt to show to what extent the Platonic theory of the written –which rules are, mainly, in the conclusive part of Phaedrus and the philosophical excursus of Letter VII– is a fundamental tool to understand Theaetetus’s structure. This being so, we reconstruct, in a prosopographic perspective, and in harmony with those rules –according to which the philosophical message must fit the deuteragonist’s apprehension ability– the profiles of Theaetetus’s central characters, determining their theatreographic functions in the dialogue. Keywords: Republic; Theaetetus; Prosopography; Drama; Interpretation. (shrink)

Neste artigo, submetendo a breve análise a digressáo sobre a maiêutica “socrática”, tentamos demonstrar em que medida a escolha dos personagens do Teeteto de Platáo determina a natureza do debate desenvolvido ali. Inspirados pelo critério hermenêutico da escola de Tübingen-Miláo , julgamos que a recomposiçáo dos perfis dramático-biográficos daqueles personagens, em plena harmonia com a teoria do escrito-jogo de Platáo apresentada na parte conclusiva do Fedro e completada, em seu aspecto dramático-compositivo pelo livro III da República , seja elemento central (...) para um correto ajuste de perspectiva a partir da qual deve-se ler o diálogo. Nesta sede, recorremos também a alguns passos do tratado matemático exposto no VII livro da República de Platáo, texto fundamental para a reconstruçáo dramática dos personagens do Teeteto e, por via de consequência, para uma correta justificaçáo da leitura que propomos. (shrink)

Thomas M. Robinson é um velho conhecido dos estudiosos brasileiros de Filosofia Antiga. Em primeiro lugar, porque as suas obras – especialmente aquelas dedicadas a Platão – compõem a bibliografia essencial de qualquer trabalho vinculado à área; depois, porque não foram poucas as vezes que contamos com a honra e o prazer da sua presença em terras brasileiras. A insistência em convidá-lo tantas vezes para vir ao País tem várias razões de ser e algumas devem ser destacadas aqui.

INTERVIEW WITH THOMAS M. ROBINSON FOR THE COMMEMORATIVE EDITION OF THE JOURNAL EDUCAÇÃO E FILOSOFIA.

Diz Cornford que o diálogo Parmênides inicia “a série das obras nas quais Platão pela primeira vez confronta a sua própria doutrina com os principais sistemas dos predecessores e a submete a um exame crítico”. Sim, mas é ainda mais: a reconstrução do diálogo à luz do método hermenêutico de Tübingen-Milão nos leva a colher a estrutura na qual se entrecruzam as visões ontológicas em três níveis, do mundo físico às Ideias e das Ideias aos Princípios primeiros. O elemento-chave do (...) desenvolvimento estrutural não apenas teorético, mas também dramático, é o vínculo que se interpõe entre as duas partes do diálogo. Apenas a unidade entre as duas partes torna plausível e justificável o percurso dialético registrado no texto, como tentar-se-á evidenciar. A primeira parte do Parmênides traz a teoria das Ideias, mas abre mão de uma protologia. Não obstante isso, uma visão completa do texto põe em jogo o Uno e o/s Outro/Outros, fundamentos dos Princípios supremos. Buscar-se-á trazer à luz aqui os nexos estruturais da argumentação que nos leva a uma visão totalizante da realidade em Platão. (shrink)

Background Euthanasia is a controversial practice in many countries. Since Spain’s Euthanasia Law came into effect on March 24, 2021, healthcare providers have faced a new challenge since they must inform patients, provide care, accompany them, and implement the law. It also represents a new stumbling block at universities, which must adapt to regulatory changes and educate future professionals accordingly. Little is known about the attitude of nursing students in Spain toward euthanasia since this law was implemented. Objective This study (...) aims to answer the following research questions: What is the attitude of nursing students toward euthanasia? What factors influence this attitude? Research design A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire. Participants and research context The study population comprised all nursing students at a public university in Barcelona ( n = 444), Spain, during the 2022–2023 academic year. The validated Spanish version of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale was employed. A bivariate analysis was performed. Ethical considerations The university Ethics Committee (CEEAH 6247) approved this study. All participating students signed an informed consent form. Participation was voluntary, and data anonymity and confidentiality were guaranteed. Results Two hundred and forty-four nursing students responded to the questionnaire. The mean total score was 79.64. Participants with religious beliefs presented lower scores, indicating a more negative attitude toward euthanasia. Participants in their second, third, or fourth year of the nursing degree scored higher, demonstrating a more positive attitude. Conclusions The attitude of nursing students toward euthanasia was remarkably positive. Working on ethical content during the degree course and clinical practice are factors that help to develop a more positive attitude. In addition, nursing education should encourage professional aspects to prevail over religious beliefs in euthanasia situations. (shrink)

O artigo em questão trata do conceito de “escrita-currículo”, produzido no âmbito da perspectiva cultural de Educação Física. A partir da “pedagogia do conceito” inscrita na perspectiva filosófica de Félix Guattari e Gilles Deleuze, analisamos o referido conceito tomando como referência os elementos de: assinatura, historicidade, campo de imanência, elementos e componentes, multiplicidade, personagem conceitual, traços de intensidade e objetividade. Assim, vimos que o conceito procura movimentar de uma outra forma as práticas pedagógicas prescritas, fixas, rígidas, tradicionais, tecnicistas, procedimentais, acríticas, (...) homogeneizantes, moralizantes, deterministas e sequenciais. (shrink)

Introduction Adolescents’ physical activity (PA) behavior can be driven by several psychosocial determinants at the same time. Most analyses use a variable-based approach that examines relations between PA-related determinants and PA behavior on the between-person level. Using this approach, possible coexistences of different psychosocial determinants within one person cannot be examined. Therefore, by applying a person-oriented approach, this study examined a) which profiles regarding PA-related psychosocial variables typically occur in female sixth-graders, b) if these profiles deliver a self-consistent picture according (...) to theoretical assumptions, and c) if the profiles contribute to the explanation of PA. Materials and Methods The sample comprised 475 female sixth-graders. Seventeen PA-related variables were assessed: support for autonomy, competence and relatedness in PE as well as their satisfaction in PE and leisure-time; behavioral regulation of exercise (five subscales); self-efficacy and social support from friends and family (two subscales). Moderate-to-vigorous PA was measured using accelerometers. Data were analyzed using the self-organizing maps (SOM) analysis, a cluster analysis including an unsupervised algorithm for non-linear models. Results According to the respective level of psychosocial resources, a positive, a medium and a negative cluster were identified. This superordinate cluster solution represented a self-consistent picture that was in line with theoretical assumptions. The three-cluster solution contributed to the explanation of PA behavior, with the positive cluster accumulating an average of six minutes more moderate-to-vigorous PA per day than the medium cluster and ten minutes more than the negative cluster. Additionally, SOM detected a subgroup within the positive cluster that benefited from a specific combination of intrinsic and external regulations with regard to PA. Discussion The results underline the relevance of the assessed psychosocial determinants of PA behavior in female sixth-graders. The results further indicate that the different psychosocial resources within a given person do not develop independently of one another, which supports the use of a person-oriented approach. In addition, the SOM analysis identified subgroups with specific characteristics, which would have remained undetected using variable-based approaches. Thus, this approach offers the possibility to reduce data complexity without overlooking subgroups with special demands that go beyond the superordinate cluster solution. (shrink)

The concept of governance initially emerged in the field of economics and business management with the objective of achieving greater efficiency. It was subsequently extended to the field of government management. In many countries, governance has become a topic of great importance as a result of the implementation of decentralization policies and the extension of popular participation in land use plans in the search for sustainable development. The study, developed in the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Portoviejo canton in the province (...) of Manabí, had as its primary objective the verification of the knowledge of governance among decision-makers and other socially involved actors in the canton's land use plan in the search for sustainable local development. This was achieved through an analysis of the Plan, conceived and applied with the intention of fostering cohesion among the policies implemented. The study employed a combination of theoretical and empirical methods. The theoretical approach involved a review and analysis of the literature on the subject, while the empirical approach involved data collection through questionnaires administered to socially involved actors. This approach enabled the researchers to gain insights into the perceptions and experiences of these actors, and to assess the effectiveness of various governance practices. (shrink)

Quines són les causes del dèficit filosòfic que arrossega la cultura catalana contemporània? Aquest llibre ofereix un panorama bastant complet —i amarg— de les condicions acadèmiques i extraacadèmiques en què s’ha hagut de conrear als Països Catalans la filosofia, tota la filosofia, centrant-se, això sí, en les aventures personals i col·lectives dels qui han tingut la vel·leïtat de dedicar-se a la lògica. Hi són narrades amb amenitat i lucidesa l’estada de Bertrand Russell a Barcelona, la defenestració d’Eugeni d’Ors, les aberracions (...) docents de Josep Daurella i Rull, la breu i fulgurant trajectòria intel·lectual de Joan Crexells, les peripècies eclesiàstiques de David Garcia Bacca i Miquel Soy, l’exili de Josep Ferrater Mora i la gestació del seu voluminós Diccionario de filosofía, la marginació de Manuel Sacristan, els conflictes de la Facultat de Filosofia de València en els anys 70... El resultat és una història de la filosofia apartada en molts aspectes de la imatge «abstracta» i «idealitzada» que sol oferir la historiografia filosòfica a l’ús. (shrink)

La intención principal del presente artículo se centra en tres puntos esenciales y correlacionados entre sí. Nuestra principal intención es presentar, argumentativamente, las razones por las que Juan David García Bacca habría cometido un error al traducir el término heideggeriano Sorge por preocupación y no por cuidado. Pretendemos sostener que el hecho de traducir Sorge por preocupación, distorsiona gravemente todo el andamiaje ontológico y existencial propuesto por Heidegger. Si esto es así, Juan David García Bacca habría elaborado un sistema crítico (...) contra Heidegger, sostenido sobre un error de fondo, de traducción y de nivel de discurso. Es decir, el filósofo español únicamente se habría quedado en un orden de discurso óntico y no ontológico tal y como exige el proyecto fenomenológico heideggeriano.The aim of this essay focuses on three main points which are essentials and related to each other. Our main aim is to present, in our argument, the reasons for which Juan David García Bacca would have erroneously translated Heidegger´s term “Sorge” for “concern” instead of “care”. We hope to maintain the argument that the fact of translating Sorge for concern seriously distorts the ontological and existential framework that Heidegger proposes. If this is a fact, Juan David García Bacca would have developed a critical system against Heidegger, held over a fundamental mistake, at both a discourse and a translation level. In this way, the Spanish philosopher would have only achieved an ontic discourse and not an ontologic one, which is what Heidegger´s phenomenological project requires. (shrink)

Nuestra intención en el presente trabajo es el siguiente: presentar del modo más sintético, concreto y preciso, las claves del “método dialéctico transfinitante” garcibacquiano. Analizaremos desde un punto de vista hermenéutico y crítico, el modo en el que el método dialéctico transfinitante es, en sí mismo, el sustento filosófico del humanismo positivo. Para ello, analizaremos los principales argumentos expuestos en Curso sistemático de filosofía actual que, a nuestro juicio, tal vez sea una de las obras más importantes de toda la (...) producción filosófica de García Bacca. Como trataremos de demostrar a lo largo del presente artículo, la viabilidad y puesta en marcha del humanismo positivo como posibilidad real depende, en gran medida, de la sostenibilidad argumentativa del método dialéctico transfinitante propuesto por García Bacca. (shrink)

RESUMENEl presente artículo pretende dar cuenta del origen y cambio radical de paradigma filosófico sufrido por el filósofo de origen Navarro Juan David García Bacca. En especial, trataremos de analizar cómo y por qué razón, el filósofo español pasa de desestimar la posibilidad de una forma propia del filosofar español desde una perspectiva ontológica, hasta tratar la poesía y la literatura como las formas idiosincráticas del hacer filosofía en español. Esta forma característicamente española de hacer filosofía en español será, pues, (...) determinante para la comprensión del abandono de la etapa existencialista garcibaccquiana, y su renovado interés por la obra del poeta Antonio Machado, y su filosofar por y para el pueblo.PALABRAS CLAVEONTOLOGÍA, GARCÍA BACCA, FILOSOFÍA, ESPAÑOLABSTRACTThis paper pursues to explain the origin and radical philosophical paradigm shift undergone by the philosopher from Navarre Juan David Garcia Bacca. Specifically, we will try to analyze how and why the Spanish philosopher moves from dismissing the possibility of a particular form of Spanish philosophizing from an ontological perspective, to treating poetry and literature as idiosyncratic ways of doing philosophy in Spanish. This typically Spanish way of doing philosophy in Spanish will be, therefore, crucial to understand the abandonment of the Garcibaccquian existentialist stage, and his renewed interest in the work of the poet Antonio Machado and his philosophizing by and for the peopleKEYWORDSONTOLOGY, GARCÍA BACCA, PHILOSOPHY, SPANISH. (shrink)

En el presente artículo trataremos un tema inédito dentro de los estudios sobre la vida y obra de García Bacca. En especial, trataremos de ver en qué medida la obra de García Bacca puede ser interpretada como una expansión de los límites que, en opinión de Heidegger, la propuesta metafísica nietzscheana lleva asociado de modo intrínseco. En especial, trataremos de analizar comparativamente ambas propuestas metafísicas con el fin de demostrar que si bien parte de la génesis de la propuesta filosófica (...) garcibacquiana responde parcialmente ciertos elementos característicos de Nietzsche, el progresivo contacto de García Bacca con otras perspectivas políticas, filosóficas, económicas, etc., provocan una aproximación paralela a las obras de Machado y Marx. Dicha aproximación a estos y otros factores de influencia, provocan una transformación y ampliación en su propuesta filosófica. (shrink)

The “power of the real”, which Zubiri conceptualized in the final period of his philosophy, is “inspired” in the creation concept of the Greek Fathers, according to Zubiri’sexposition of Greek Patristics in “Supernatural Being: God and Deification in Pauline Theology”. In addition, Zubiri makes that concept his own in a course on Christianity, published posthumously. That inspiration can be detected when Zubiri radicalizes his philosophical approach. This implies purifying his philosophy of elements from Latin theology,whose notions he contrasts with those (...) of Greek theology in the aforementioned work. InOn Essence, these elements do not permit Zubiri to elude the horizon of nihility, in hisview in force in Western thought from St. Augustine to Hegel, but not genuinely philosophical because it originates with Revelation. A consequence of this radicalization is toconside r “creation” as a revealed datum. At the same time, and insofar as this radicalization implies sticking only to the facts, Zubiri elaborates a proof of the reality of God, fromwhich follow as intellectually legitimate non-theistic options.El “poder de lo real”, que Zubiri conceptualiza en el último período de su filosofía, está “inspirado” en el concepto de creación propio de los Padres griegos, según la exposiciónque hace de la Patrística griega en “El ser sobrenatural: Dios y la deificación en la teologíapaulina”. Además, hace suyo ese concepto en un curso sobre el Cristianismo, publicadopóstumamente. Dicha inspiración puede detectarse cuando se radicalizan sus planteamientos filosóficos. Esto implicó depurar su filosofía de elementos provenientes de la Teología latina, cuyas nociones contrapone a los de la Teología griega en el trabajo mencionado. A la altura de Sobre la esencia, esos elementos no le permitirán sustraerse al horizontede nihilidad, a su juicio vigente en el pensamiento occidental desde San Agustín hastaHegel, y no genuinamente filosófico porque se origina con la Revelación. Consecuencia deesa radicalidad es considerar la “creación” como un dato revelado. Al mismo tiempo, y en lamedida en que esa radicalización implica atenerse sólo a los hechos, Zubiri elabora unaprueba de la realidad de Dios desde la que resultan intelectualmente legítimas las opciones no teístas. (shrink)

The radical mean suggested by Socrates in order to carry out the program of the Republic - the relegation to the fields of all inhabitants over the age of 10 - has perplexed modern commentators who have seen in it an ironical remark, a reductio ad absurdum presented in order to establish the very impossibility of Kallipolis or, on the contrary, a sign of the totalitarian and criminal character of the Platonic city. But it is far from evident, in view (...) of political or military events prior and contemporary with the redaction of the Republic, that this solution could offend the moral conscience of fourth-century Greeks. This practice even seems to be the logical consequence of a certain oligarchic or aristocratic ideology, common by the end of the 5th c. and at the beginning of the 4th c., which associated, on the one hand, rural organization with the ‘best regime’ and, on the other, urban centralisation with democracy. The actual practices of the Lacedaemonian city, which maintained its primitive organization in komai, and even tried to impose it to other cities, could also serve as a model for the opponents of Athenian democracy. All of Plato's political models, from the Republic to the Laws, present cities whose essential, if not exclusive, productive activity is agriculture. The displacement of the population to the countryside seems, from this perspective, a rather serious proposal of the philosopher. * * Agradezco a Héctor Zagal y a María-Elena García-Peláez por sus observaciones y sugerencias al texto en español. (shrink)

Ésta es una contribución al debate originado por Guillermo Hurtado y proseguido por Manuel García-Carpintero y Horacio Luján Martínez, con relación al sentido y a los objetivos de la filosofía analítica, especialmente en Iberoamérica. En ella se defiende que las tesis de Hurtado también se pueden aplicar al cultivo de filosofías no analíticas, pues en realidad conciernen a la filosofía profesional que se practica dentro y fuera de Iberoamérica. Se sostiene, además, que si bien la profesionalización y la masificación de (...) la filosofía son fenómenos en sí mismos positivos, tienen consecuencias colaterales negativas respecto de la calidad de la filosofía que se produce. También se aduce que el que una propuesta filosófica no tenga una inmediata relevancia existencial o política no la hace menos importante, siempre que en algún sentido amplíe las fronteras del conocimiento. This is a commentary on a debate originated by Guillermo Hurtado and followed up by Manuel García-Carpintero and Horacio Luján Martínez, in regards to the meaning and objectives of analytic philosophy, especially in Latin America. This paper holds that Hurtado's theses are also true about non analytic philosophy, since they are about professional philosophy, as practiced both inside and outside Latin America. Professionalization and popularization of philosophy, while positive phenomena in themselves, have negative collateral consequences on the quality of philosophy produced in the present moment. it is also held that the fact that a given philosophical proposal has no immediate existential or political relevance doesn't make it less important, as long as in some sense it widens the frontiers of knowledge. (shrink)

This article deals with the reception of phenomenology by Xavier Zubiri, one of the most important figures of 20th century Spanish philosophy. During his lifetime Zubiri published few books, but he left an immense legacy of courses and manuscripts. Among the most important published works is the book Naturaleza, Historia, Dios. Zubiri explains there his critical reception of phenomenology: he subscribes to it, insofar as it is a philosophy of things themselves. But this evaluation of phenomenology is at the (...) same time a farewell to her. Zubiri’s philosophical project consists in giving a reason not for things as objects of consciousness, but rather for their entitary or real structure. Thus, his purpose is to establish a logic of reality or new metaphysics that is at the same time different from the old ontology and whose sources of inspiration are Heidegger and Aristotle. To the author of this essay seems also highly probable that Alfred N. Whitehead influenced decisively certain prominent features of Zubiri’s ontological program. Husserl’s treatment of the theory of wholes and parts in Logical Investigations III pertains also to the intellectual basis of Zubiri. The article raises the question of the traces of phenomenology that are still present in Naturaleza, Historia, Dios, and critically assesses their importance for phenomenological philosophy today. The article shows above all how Zubiri’s perspective vindicates phenomenologically the traditional concept of Man and his experience of religious connection (religatio) with a transcendent Grund. As a consequence, the traditional notions of spiritual reality, eros and agape are given a new meaning. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es examinar la postura sobre la cuestión del final de la vida humana en la obra del bioeticista español Diego Gracia. Para ello, primero trataremos el concepto de confín presente en su pensamiento bioético, para pasar después a preguntarnos sobre la determinación que desde la ciencia puede hacerse del momento de la muerte. Posteriormente, nos ocuparemos de la idea que el bioeticista tiene de la muerte desde la filosofía, mostrando las influencias recibidas del pensamiento de (...) su maestro Xavier Zubiri. Concluiremos nuestro artículo con la exposición de algunas consideraciones éticas que de los planteamientos de Gracia se desprenden. (shrink)

Catalan anarchist Salvador Puig Antich was part of the military branch of a small revolutionary organization called the Movimento Ibérico de Liberación/Grupos autónomos de combate (Iberian Liberation Movement/Autonomous Combat Groups) (MIL/GAC). He participated in bank robberies (“expropriations”) meant to finance clandestine propaganda and support striking workers. After a series of such robberies, in September 1973 Puig Antich and comrade Xavier Garriga were ambushed by police; in the melee, Puig Antich was injured and deputy inspector Francisco Anguas Barragán was shot (...) to death. There are still different explanations of what happened at that time; independent researchers suggest the policeman died from shots fired both by his own colleagues and by Puig Antich. Before the tribunal took place, however, the prime minister was assassinated by Basque ETA (Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna) separatists, and subsequent desire for revenge on the part of the authorities, together with a summary military trial, full of irregularities, produced two death sentences. Despite an international solidarity movement against Puig Antich's death penalty, he was executed by garrote on March 2, 1974, setting off protests and strikes in Barcelona, foreshadowing the end of the Franco dictatorship in 1975. (shrink)

Este artículo busca pensar los orígenes de la Técnica moderna en la vida y obra del científico pisano Galileo Galilei a la luz de dos ideas fundamentales, por una parte, lo acontecido en la propia época de Galileo y, por otra parte, en la categoría fundamental de «experimentación» como «probación física de la realidad» que aparece en la obra Inteligencia y razón de Xavier Zubiri. Desde esta categoría de análisis podremos ver la riqueza de la inicial investigación científico-técnica de (...) Galileo y cómo ésta ha sido decisiva en el desarrollo ulterior de la investigación humana a lo largo de la Historia. (shrink)

Ofrecemos dos cartas inéditas entre los filósofos Manuel García Morente y Xavier Zubiri. La primera carta, escrita por el pensador giennense, viene a iluminar el itinerario de su conversión religiosa que le llevó a ordenarse sacerdote en la Iglesia católica. Dicho proceso espiritual había empezado a fraguarse el año anterior en París, durante el exilio que ambos pensadores habían compartido en la capital francesa, tras el estallido de la guerra civil española. En la segunda carta, fechada casi dos años (...) y medio después de la anterior, Zubiri dirige al pensador andaluz unas palabras entrañables en respuesta a la invitación recibida de asistir a su primera misa; una carta en la que el filósofo vasco desvela la inquebrantable amistad entre ambos pensadores, intensificada en los últimos años por la fe cristiana. (shrink)

Postmodernism may seem a particularly inappropriate term when used in conjunction with a region that is usually thought of as having only recently, and then unevenly, acceded to modernity. Yet in the last several years the concept has risen to the top of the agenda of cultural and political debate in Latin America. This collection explores the Latin American engagement with postmodernism, less to present a regional variant of the concept than to situate it in a transnational framework. Recognizing that (...) postmodernism in Latin America can only inaccurately be thought of as having traveled from an advanced capitalist "center" to arrive at a still dependent neocolonial "periphery," the contributors share the assumption that postmodernism is itself about the dynamics of interaction between local and metropolitan cultures in a global system in which the center-periphery model has begun to break down. These essays examine the ways in which postmodernism not only designates the effects of this transnationalism in Latin America, but also registers the cultural and political impact on an increasingly simultaneous global culture of a Latin America struggling with its own set of postcolonial contingencies, particularly the crisis of its political left, the dominance of neoliberal economic models, and the new challenges and possibilities opened by democratization. With new essays on the dynamics of Brazilian culture, the relationship between postmodernism and Latin American feminism, postmodernism and imperialism, and the implications of postmodernist theory for social policy, as well as the text of the Declaration from the Lacandon Jungle of the Zapatatista National Liberation Army, this expanded edition of boundary 2 will interest not only Latin Americanists, but scholars in all disciplines concerned with theories of the postmodern. Contributors. Xavier Albó, José Joaquín Brunner, Fernando Calderón, Enrique Dussel, Néstor García Canclini, Martín Hopenhayn, Neil Larsen, the Latin American Subaltern Studies Group, Norbert Lechner, María Milagros López, Raquel Olea, Aníbal Quijano, Nelly Richard, Carlos Rincón, Silviano Santiago, Beatriz Sarlo, Roberto Schwarz, and Hernán Vidal. (shrink)

El presente trabajo analiza las representaciones de América y los americanos en el siglo XVIII con base en los conceptos de hibridación cultural de García Canclini y de tradición de Ambrosio Velasco. La primera parte del estudio examina la hibridación del territorio americano según las dos ediciones de la Enciclopedia de Diderot, destacando la complejidad discursiva en torno al concepto del salvaje propuesto por Cornelius De Pauw. Posteriormente, se realiza una revisión crítica de las interpretaciones nacionalistas de Xavier Clavijero, (...) cuestionando su supuesta defensa de los antiguos mexicanos a través del análisis de narrativas que entrelazan poderes hegemónicos e identidades invisibilizadas. (shrink)

The book "Idealization XIV: Models in Science" offers a detailed ontological, epistemological and historical account of the role of models in scientific practice. The volume contains contributions of different international scholars who developed many aspects of the use of idealizations and models both in the natural and the social sciences. This volume is particularly relevant because it offers original contributions concerning one of the main topic in philosophy of science: the role of models in such branches of the sciences and (...) the humanities like comparative historical sociology, economics, history, linguistics and political philosophy. -/- Contributors are: Giacomo Borbone, Krzysztof Brzechczyn, Mieszko Ciesielski, Adam Czerniak, Xavier de Donato Rodríguez, José L. Falguera, Adolfo García de la Sienra, Lidia Godek, Igor Hanzel, Łukasz Hardt, Krzysztof Kiedrowski, Barbara Konat, Zenonas Norkus, Piotr Przybysz, Piotr Szwochert. (shrink)

I provide a variation on ideas presented by Walton and Currie, elaborating the view that fictive utterances are characterized by a specific form of illocutionary force in the family of directives – a proposal or invitation to imagine. I make some points on the relation between the proposal and the current debates on intentionalist and conventionalist views, and I discuss interesting recent objections made by Stacie Friend to the related, but crucially different, Gricean view of such force advanced by Currie (...) and others. (shrink)

My aim in this article is to contribute to the larger project of assessing the relative merits of different theories of substance. An important preliminary step in this project is assessing the explanatory resources of one main theory of substance, the so-called bundle theory. This article works towards such an assessment. I identify and explain three distinct explanatory challenges an adequate bundle theory must meet. Each points to a putative explanatory gap, so I call them the Gap Challenges. I consider (...) three bundle-theoretic strategies for meeting these challenges. I argue that none of them goes very far. The upshot is that, absent other strategies for meeting the challenges, bundle theory involves a significant amount of stipulation. This black box makes bundle theory relatively weak with respect to its explanatory power—unless, of course, rival theories of substance are unable to do better. (shrink)

Contra recent, inflationary views, the paper submits a deflationary approach to legal ontology. It argues, in particular, that to answer ontological questions about legal entities, we only need conceptual analysis and empirical investigation. In developing this proposal, it follows Amie Thomasson’s ‘easy ontology’ and her strategy for answering whether ordinary objects exist. The purpose of this is to advance a theory that, on the one hand, does not fall prey to sceptical views about legal reality (viz., that ontological truths about (...) legal entities are established by metaphysical principles); and, on the other, is compatible with common-sense jurisprudence (viz., that there in fact exist legal entities, and they all have important practical implications). While this methodology is common to legal philosophers interested in elucidating the ‘artifactual nature’ of law, the paper departs from their projects by taking a step forward in connecting this deflationary approach to legal ontology with an expressivist account of legal discourse, thus providing enough resources to satisfy the general ambition of jurisprudence, viz., to establish the conditions for the analysis of legal reality and its normative character. (shrink)

En este comentario se ofrece una explicación alternativa a la que dio Guillermo Hurtado en su diagnóstico de la filosofía analítica actual en general y de su ejercicio en el mundo latinoamericano, y, por consiguiente, se concluye con una muy diferente apreciación de los méritos de la filosofía analítica. This note provides an alternative explanation to the one offered by Guillermo Hurtado in his diagnostics of present-day Analytic Philosophy and its practice in the Latin-American world, and as a result offers (...) a very different appraisal of its merits. (shrink)

This article draws on Gloria Anzaldúa's philosophy to analyze Latina/o cultural forms as responses to the lawful violence that renders migrants and other minoritarian peoples as disposable subjects. The article turns to Latina/o playwrights and undocumented poets whose art forms, produced under the deportation regime, express a desire for freedom from terrorizing governance. Focusing on Lydia, a play by Mexican American playwright Octavio Solis, and poetry by an undocumented artist, Yosimar Reyes, it links these representations of “illegal” migrants to understand (...) how minoritarian aesthetic practices respond to racial terror and lawful violence. It argues that if we are to map the present beyond terrorizing forms of law, we must center our philosophical thought on “illegal” imaginaries of freedom, not on the cultural forms sanctioned by legality—the latter risk reproducing the logic of state-sponsored violence, whereas the former enact freedom as a practice of everyday life. (shrink)

Luis Villoro ha propuesto superar la dialéctica entre sociedades tradicionales y mo- dernas mediante una nueva comunidad en la que el individuo acepta la primacía de los intereses generales sobre los particulares. A partir de su esquema conceptual, se argumenta que, no obstante tal aceptación, la autonomía individual en su forma de actividad crítica, lejos de amenazar la cohesión comunitaria, la refuerza, sobre todo mediante la crítica de las ideologías y las formas culturales vitalmente inauténticas.

Salvador, antiga capital colonial e contemporaneamente terceira maior metrópole brasileira, é a mais emblemática cidade do processo histórico brasileiro por sua densidade demográfica e cultural negras. Neste artigo fazemos uma análise teórica e empírica sobre as desigualdades socioeconômicas, sociorraciais por cor/raça e sexo para compreender as relações raciais e de gênero nos espaços concretos e simbólicos que marcaram nossa forma de organização do espaço. Os dados estatísticos e cartográficos foram baseados no Censo do IBGE 2000 e analisados socioespacialmente. Na pesquisa (...) qualitativa, utilizamos entrevistas com diversos sujeitos sociais da cidade para analisar a percepção das pessoas sobre a dinâmica social-urbana, sobre racismo, sexismo, discriminação, etc. Assim, articulamos classe, gênero, raça e espaço como categorias centrais de análise nas suas interseccionalidades para compreender como o sexismo, racismo e classismo, ao hierarquizar os indivíduos segundo atributos físicos em superiores e inferiores, são determinantes na formação sócio-histórica no Brasil. Busca-se compreender esses fenômenos como estruturantes das desigualdades socioeconômicas e sociorraciais e culturais como se expressam no espaço urbano, particularmente as territorialidades negras e femininas e seus múltiplos significados, para pensar os processos coletivos, os processos libertários, o Direito à Cidade nas perspectivas feminista, anti-racista e anti-classista. (shrink)

This article argues for two related theses. First, it defends a general thesis: any kind of necessity, including metaphysical necessity, can only be known a priori. Second, however, it also argues that the sort of a priori involved in modal metaphysical knowledge is not related to imagination or any sort of so-called epistemic possibility. Imagination is neither a proof of possibility nor a limit to necessity. Rather, modal metaphysical knowledge is built on intuition of philosophical categories and the structures they (...) form. (shrink)

Résumé Ni le présentisme, ni l’éternalisme ne peuvent rendre compte de l’ensemble des modalités du temps. La théorie dite du « Growing Block Universe », qui nie la réalité du futur mais concède le même degré de réalité au passé qu’au présent, n’est pas non plus entièrement satisfaisante. Nous proposons donc de distinguer des intensités de présence : l’avenir a une absence maximale et le présent une présence maximale. Il en résulte que, à mesure que le temps passe, nous nous (...) éloignons de l’avenir. (shrink)

Critical review of Gillian Russell's "Truth in Virtue of Meaning".