It is important to identify the developmental antecedents of externalizing behavioral problems in early childhood. The current study examined the main effects of maternal personality and its interactive effects with child temperamental reactivity in predicting child externalizing behavioral problems, indicated by impulsivity and aggression. This study was composed of 70 children (Mage= 17.6 months, SD = 3.73) and their mothers. The results showed that maternal agreeableness was negatively associated with child impulsivity. Child temperamental reactivity moderated the effect of maternal conscientiousness (...) on child impulsivity in support of the differential susceptibility model. Specifically, for highly reactive children, maternal conscientiousness was negatively associated with child impulsivity whereas this association was nonsignificant for low reactive children. Child reactivity also moderated the contribution of maternal neuroticism to child impulsivity. That is, maternal neuroticism was negatively associated with impulsivity, only for highly reactive children. (shrink)

BackgroundLittle previous research has been conducted outside of major cities in China to examine how physicians currently perceive palliative care, and to identify specific goals for training as palliative care access expands. This study explored physicians’ perceptions of palliative care integration for advanced cancer patients in Changsha, China.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with physicians (n = 24) specializing in hematology or oncology at a tertiary hospital.ResultsMost physicians viewed palliative care as equivalent to end-of-life care, while a minority considered it possible (...) to integrate palliative care with active treatment. Almost all physicians maintained separate conversations about palliative care with family members and patients, communicating more directly with family members than with patients about prognosis and goals of care. Physicians described experiencing ethical tension between the desire of family members to protect the patient from knowing they have advanced cancer, and the patient’s “right to decide” about palliative treatment. Physicians varied overall regarding perceptions of the role they should have in discussions about goals of care.ConclusionsAs palliative care access expands in China, medical training should encourage earlier integration of palliative care for advanced cancer, address ethical issues faced by physicians communicating about palliative care, and establish guidance on the role of the physician in discussions about goals of care. (shrink)

ObjectivesAimed to analyze the mediating effect of executive function between physical activity level and trait anxiety in college students.MethodsThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Stroop task, 1-back task, and More-odd shifting task were used to analyze 248 college students.ResultsTrait anxiety were significantly correlated with shifting function (r = 0.182, P = 0.004) and inhibition function (r = 0.163, P = 0.010) and not with working memory (r = 0.056, P = 0.385). Vigorous physical activity (VPA) was most highly (...) correlated with inhibition function (Beta = −0.144, P = 0.024) and working memory (Beta = −0.208, P = 0.001), and light physical activity (LPA) was most highly correlated with shifting function (Beta = −0.211, P = 0.001). Physical activity had a 72.31% association with trait anxiety (B = −0.195), with 11.79% mediated by inhibition function (B = −0.023) and 15.90% by shifting function (B = −0.031).ConclusionCollege students' physical activity promotes both inhibition and shifting functions, which in turn affect trait anxiety. VPA had a direct effect, while the effect of moderate physical activity (MPA) and LPA was completely mediated exclusively through executive functions, and the mediating effect of shifting function was the highest. It is recommended that college workers should motivate students with high trait anxiety to engage in more VPA and pay attention to changes in their inhibition and shifting functions. (shrink)

PurposeThyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is a vision threatening autoimmune and inflammatory orbital disease, and has been reported to be associated with a wide range of structural and functional abnormalities of bilateral hemispheres. However, whether the interhemisphere functional connectivity of TAO patients is altered still remain unclear. A new technique called voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity combined with support vector machine method was used in the present study to explore interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity alterations in patients with TAO.MethodsA total of 21 TAO patients and 21 (...) wellmatched healthy controls, respectively, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning in the resting state. We evaluated alterations in the resting state functional connectivity between hemispheres by applying VMHC method and then selected these abnormal brain regions as seed areas for subsequent study using FC method. Furthermore, the observed changes of regions in the VMHC analysis were chosen as classification features to differentiate patients with TAO from HCs through support vector machine method.ResultsThe results showed that compared with HCs, TAO patients showed significantly lower VMHC values in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, lingual gyrus, calcarine, middle temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus and angular. Moreover, significantly decreased FC values were found between the right postcentral gyrus/lingual gyrus/calcarine and left lingual gyrus/cuneus/superior occipital gyrus, left postcentral gyrus/lingual gyrus/calcarine and right lingual gyrus/ middle temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and left cerebellum-8/lingual gyrus/middle occipital gyrus/supplementary motor area, left middle temporal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus/angular and left middle temporal pole. The SVM classification model achieved good performance in differentiating TAO patients from HCs.ConclusionThe present study revealed that the altered interhemisphere interaction and integration of information involved in cognitive and visual information processing pathways including the postcentral gyrus, cuneus, cerebellum, angular, widespread visual cortex and temporal cortex in patients with TAO relative to HC group. VMHC variability had potential value for accurately and specifically distinguishing patients with TAO from HCs. The new findings may provide novel insights into the neurological mechanisms underlying visual and cognitive disorders in patients with TAO. (shrink)

BackgroundThe effects of psychological interventions on symptoms and psychology of functional dyspepsia remain unclear. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of psychological interventions on symptoms and psychology of FD.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases for randomized controlled trials evaluating the role of psychological interventions in FD patients published before July 2021. Standardized mean differences, risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by a random effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed.ResultsFourteen RCTs (...) with a total of 1,434 FD patients were included. Compared with the control group, psychological interventions were significantly more likely to symptom improvement [RR = 1.74, 95% CI, p = 0.01], relieve gastrointestinal symptoms scores at follow up [SMD = −1.06, 95% CI, p < 0.0001], relieve gastrointestinal symptoms scores at end of treatment [SMD = −0.98, 95% CI, p < 0.001], decrease anxiety [SMD = −0.8, 95% CI, p = 0.006] and depression levels [SMD = −1.11, 95% CI, p < 0.001]. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that psychotherapy was more likely to symptom improvement, relieve gastrointestinal symptoms scores and decreased depression levels compared to the control.ConclusionsPsychological interventions may be effective in alleviating the symptoms and psychology of FD, but the effect appears to be limited to psychotherapy with fewer trials for other psychological interventions. More data from high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm their use in the treatment of FD. (shrink)

本书讲述了一群试图解释中国哲学及其艺术词语问题的比较哲学家之长达20年之久的事情。包括“孟子人性理论的背景”、“孟子的人性论”等。.

The international community has proposed a comprehensive strategy to prevent congenital abnormalities. And China, with a high incidence of congenital diseases, has implemented measures including prenatal screening and diagnosis to reduce the morbidity of congenital abnormalities. However, ethical challenges arise in the practice of prenatal screening and diagnosis among healthcare professionals. Five focus group discussions were conducted with twenty-four health professionals working in maternal and child health services in Hunan Province, China, to explore the ethical challenges they encountered in prenatal (...) testing decision-making and information disclosure practices, as well as their views on these challenges. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, ensuring maximum demographic diversity. Three main themes were identified: 1) balancing between information disclosure and privacy protection; 2) patient-oriented decision-making and tensions within family-oriented decision-making; 3) the disparity between the limited help clinical ethics committees (CECs) can provide and professionals’ need for CECs. Ethical norms for information disclosure and autonomous decision-making within prenatal screening and diagnostic institutions must be established. Utilizing CECs is crucial to guide professionals in delivering prenatal testing services while simultaneously focusing on targeted improvement of communication skills among these professionals. (shrink)

Abundant evidence has proved an association between peer victimization and problematic online game use. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relation are still under-investigated. Grounded in the ecological system theory, this study examined whether deviant peer affiliation and school connectedness mediated the association between peer victimization and adolescent POGU. A sample of 698 Chinese adolescents completed questionnaires regarding peer victimization, problematic online game use, DPA, and school connectedness, of which 51.58% were boys. Path analyses indicated that peer victimization was positively (...) associated with problematic online game use, and this link could be mediated by deviant peer affiliation and school connectedness. The findings identify the potential underlying mechanism by which peer victimization is associated with adolescent problematic online game use, which has important implications for theory and prevention. (shrink)

Clinical ethics consultations (CECs) play an important role in resolving ethical issues in clinical practice worldwide. The government has encouraged the development of CECs in China to address the ethical challenges arising in prenatal diagnosis. So far, the current state and challenges facing CEC remain understudied. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of employees on ethics committees for prenatal diagnosis in 13 medical institutions in Hunan Province, China. Twenty-eight employees participated in interviews. Our qualitative approach employed content analysis to (...) identify major themes in interviewees’ responses, which covered the composition and vision of their prenatal diagnosis ethics committee, as well as the challenges they faced. The results show that CEC in China is in an exploratory stage, with models for CEC composition, and workflow varying significantly. Therefore, we propose the future direction of efforts to improve CECs, including improving CEC working mechanisms and operating procedures, strengthening ethical training for healthcare workers and ethics committee employees, and developing more specific ethical guidance based on the accumulated experiences of ethics committee employees in the early development of CEC for prenatal diagnosis. (shrink)

Ninety-year-old Master Nan Huaijin and his students' ten-day course, the essence of his life is all in his life. The recording of the class in 2008 was formally compiled and published today. Nanshi has explained the essentials of practice with nearly a hundred years of experience and reminded the quick way to get started. Study case study for each person, reminding the key points of study, it is enough for later reference. Introduce the content and history of Dharma Sutra and (...) Dao Di Sutra repeatedly, and use the essence of Langa Sutra, Deep Secret Sutra, Middle Theory, Guan Zi and other books to illustrate internal cultivation Theories and methods for external use. The study of traditional Chinese mind, body, life and life, including Zen, Taoism. (shrink)

Post-stroke depression is a serious complication of stroke that significantly restricts rehabilitation. The use of immersive virtual reality for stroke survivors is promising. Herein, we investigated the effects of a novel immersive virtual reality training system on PSD and explored induced effective connectivity alterations in emotional networks using multivariate Granger causality analysis. Forty-four patients with PSD were equally allocated into an immersive-virtual reality group and a control group. In addition to their usual rehabilitation treatments, the participants in the immersive-virtual reality (...) group participated in an immersive-virtual reality rehabilitation program, while the patients in the control group received 2D virtual reality rehabilitation training. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, modified Barthel Index, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected before and after a 4-week intervention. rsfMRI data were analyzed using multivariate GCA. We found that the immersive virtual reality training was more effective in improving depression in patients with PSD but had no statistically significant improvement in MBI scores compared to the control group. The GCA showed that the following causal connectivities were strengthened after immersive virtual reality training: from the amygdala, insula, middle temporal gyrus, and caudate nucleus to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; from the insula to the medial prefrontal cortex; and from the thalamus to the posterior superior temporal sulcus. These causal connectivities were weakened after treatment in the control group. Our results indicated the neurotherapeutic use of immersive virtual reality rehabilitation as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for PSD; the alteration of causal connectivity in emotional networks might constitute the neural mechanisms underlying immersive-virtual reality rehabilitation in PSD. (shrink)

The Confucian concept of "cheng" (integrity) emphasizes logical priority of value realization over "zhen shi' (reality or truth). Through value realization and the completion of being, zhenshi can be achieved. Cheng demonstrates the original unity of value and reality. Taking the concept of cheng as the core, Zhou Lianxi's philosophy interpreted yi Dao (the Dao of change), and integrated Yi Jing (The Book of Changes) and Zhong Yong (The Doctrine of the Mean). On the one hand, it ontologicalized the Confucian (...) concept of xin xing (mind nature), and proved and established the significance of Dao ti (the ontological Dao) as the principle and origin of the utmost goodness. On the other hand, it also extended the significance of value realization to the process of qi hua (transformation of qi) and transformation of myriad things. He proved li yi (the One Principle) of Dao ti from its many manifestations and established his own metaphysical system. Zhou Lianxi's philosophy sets up a new theoretical direction for the Song-Ming Confucians to reconstruct Confucian Metaphysics. (shrink)

本书介绍了“三个代表”重要思想是新世纪“指导自己前进的真理”;“三个代表”重要思想是对马克思主义的新发展;“三个代表”重要思想的科学内涵和内在关联;继续为实现党的基本路线和历史任务面奋斗等。.

本书分三个大的部分:人如何认识自己——现象学的"自身意识"与"自我-反思"理论;人如何体知他人与万物——对同情共感与一体感的心性现象学探究;人何以为人——跨文化哲学视域下的羞感现象学与哲学人类学.

본 논문은 장자에서의 심(心), 성(性), 정(情)으로 나타나는 심성론 및 심성론의 의미와 구조를 통해 확보될 수 있는 이상적 인간에 대해 밝히고자 하였다. 세계와 우주 앞에 선 인간의 문제란 결국은 자아에 대한 자각으로 귀결된다는 전제하에 자아란 결국 자신의 마음과 몸을 떠나 상정하기 어려운 것이라 보았다. 그러므로 자아의 중심구조로서의 심(心), 성(性), 정(情), 및 몸[形]의 관계가 장자에서 어떻게 나타나는지 밝히고자 한 것이다.BR 장자가 인간이해의 근간으로서 제시한 심성관계는 『내편』에서는 심(心)을 중심으로 이루어졌다. 또한 심은 진재(眞宰)로서의 심(心)과 시비 · 희노애락의 정(情)에 의해 영향 받는 심(心)이라는 이중구조를 지닌다. (...) 또한 장자는 성(性)에 대해 자연성[天]으로 덕에 합치하는 의미 및 『외편』 · 『잡편』에서의 성(性)의 의미로서는 ‘본성을 닦는다’는 의미도 사용하였다. 그러므로 성(性)에는 닦아야 할 대상으로서의 부정적인 의미가 포함되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 것은 장자가 정(情)을 어떻게 보느냐와 연관이 있다. 정(情)은 사물이나 자연의 실정 및 사람이 느끼는 정서 · 감정으로서의 인정(人情)으로서 사용되었고, 인정에는 시비·희노애락에 의한 유정(有情)과 시비·희노애락에 좌우되지 않는 무정(無情)의 이중적 의미의 정(情)이 사용되었음을 알 수 있다. 또한 정(情)은 인간이 몸을 지니고 태어났다는 사실에서 비롯되는 천성이다. 이러한 유정 · 무정은 심(心)에 상존하고 있으며, 장자는 진인(眞人)을 통해 무정의 존재를 드러낸 것이다. 결국 시비·희노애락에 의한 정(情) 및 인간의 몸[形]의 구속에 대한 벗어남이 심(心)의 본성으로서의 덕(德) 체득에 필수적인 것이다.BR 장자는 정(情)과 몸[形]의 제약으로부터 벗어남을 통해 인간은 오히려 자유로움을 지닌 도덕인이 될 수 있다고 보았다. 즉, 삶의 내외적 제약을 넘어서서 즐길[樂] 줄 아는 인간을 무하유지향에서 소요하는 인간으로 보여주었다. 결국 시비·희노애락의 유정(有情)은 참된 지식의 확보라는 점에서 방해되는 요소로 작용하고, 이러한 정(情)의 측면이 오히려 정신(精神)과의 관계 속에서 이해될 때 무정(無情)의 심성이라는 진인의 단계가 가능한 것이다. (shrink)

Ben shu yi "zhou xin shi dai" Zhongguo wen hua ren wen xing te zheng xing cheng ji qi dui Zhongguo zhe xue te zhi de su zao wei qie ru dian, zai xi tong shu li ru xue xin xing lun de ji ben zhu ti he li shi fa zhan, jie shi qi te zheng de ji chu shang, cong dao de yu sheng ming, dao de shi jian deng fang mian dui tang jun yi (...) dao de xing shang xue jin xing le shen ru de yan jiu. (shrink)

Ben shu yi jian ming e yao de bi chu xiang du zhe ti gong le yi fu quan jing shi de xi fang mei xue li shi hua juan.Qi nei rong han gai cong gu xi la,Luo ma zhi dao 20 shi ji de xi fang mei xue si xiang he li lun cheng guo,Qi zhong yi li lun xing tai de mei xue si xiang wei zhu gan,Tong shi she ji wen xue yi shu yi ji she (...) hui feng shang suo ti xian de shen mei yi shi. (shrink)

本书收录了作者讲授宋明儒学、反映学者思想发展的讲辞文本形式,以及对于明代名儒刘蕺山的学术及刘氏区分“心宗”与“性宗”进行研究的文章等。.

本書可謂宋教授打從心性潛修後而有的領悟之作。讀者若能內修本心、外練世事，來此讀書，將別有一番新譯在心頭。.

본고의 목적은 마왕퇴백서오행편에 나타나는 심성론의 구조분석을 통해서 ‘천도’와 ‘인도’의 의미를 재고찰하는데 있었다. 백서 『오행』편의 ‘오행’과 ‘사행’은 3단계를 거쳐 최종적으로 천도와 인도를 완성한다. 먼저 ‘내면에서 드러남[形於內]’과, ‘내면에서 드러나지 않음[不形於內]’은 천도라는 동일한 근원을 둔 일원론으로서, 곧 내적 연속성을 갖춘 것이다. 이에 따라 ‘덕지행’은 도덕자아를 완성[德]해가는 내면적 흐름[行]이자 사행의 도덕실천행위인 행(行)이 다시 내재화되는 수렴의 과정도 포함되므로 수심(修心)의 측면을 논한 것이다. 사행의 ‘행’은 덕을 완성해나가는 과정에서의 도덕실천행위로서, 수신(修身)의 측면에 가깝다. 덕이 도덕자아로서 정신적 차원의 도덕적 주체성의 의미를 내포한다면, 선은 도덕자아의 정신적 차원에 부합되어야 하는 객체성의 (...) 의미를 가지며 궁극적으로는 덕으로 복귀한다. 결국 천도와 인도는 상부구조와 하부구조로 구성된 일원론에 해당한다. 상부구조인 천도는 ‘인간내면에 선천적으로 부여된 도덕감정이자 도덕법칙으로, 자율적이고 주체적으로 도덕자아의 완성을 이룩할 수 있는 근거이자 완성태로서의 정신세계’이다. 하부구조인 인도는 ‘인간내면에 선천적으로 부여된 도덕감정이자 도덕법칙을 후천적 노력을 통해 외면으로 발출하는 도덕실천행위이며, 감각기관의 욕망이 도덕성에 부합되어야 하는 객체로서의 신체적 측면’이라고 할 수 있겠다. 이러한 양자는 서로 내적 연속성 하에서 인도가 천도로 귀결되는 천인합일사상일 뿐만 아니라, 수심과 수신의 확충과정 속에서 상호 보완적 관계를 가진다. (shrink)