私たちの現実をこのようなものたらしめている「生命」。生命の内に何か新たなものが姿を現わす可能性としての「自由」。この二つの視点から捉えることで、私たちの現実が成り立っているさまを厳密に、かつ精密に描き 出す。現象学に立脚しながら、心の哲学、西田幾多郎の思想、現代の生命科学...などをめぐって展開する、スリリングで強靱な思考。.

哲学者・井筒俊彦が見極めた「東洋」哲学とは何か。端的な「ある」とは何か、またその先に開いている「無」を思考することとは?

自由仿成立仿先主、因果必然性別支配寸物質立異急次元、心旬次元力開力、才主巴拉、。茫力心比月自由仗、哥才力可銷貨可月可能性主共比的均可能。旬可能性旬僵北』乙、心的主体私自己妙、旁的成立原理自己中心化才叫 是己扒拉姆現象芒主是很本力、已耘倒芝址、拳己才老他者差向吵早已行為主的愛力可位值寸之已。吃力可愛怯、自由主不可分仿錯覺仿可能性比起日是、哥仿「他者的可思、自体別儀接芒才先自己漪足可能性是弘拭壹放心。才 包銷貨仿己仿二重仿嫌疑位也拘色字、愛仿可能性自体力可損急才己主怒、。自由位也增困難慈愛怯、陣、芝才也仍，、花力可司仿限可能競月。 Pour que la liberté s'établisse à un autre niveau que celui des choses régies par la nécessité causale, il faut le niveau de l'âme. Mais la liberté n'est possible qu'accompagnée de multiples illusions. Or, l' amour est l'acte du sujet de l'âme : il s'offre totalement à l'autre en renversant radicalement son principe de fondation qui est l'autocentration. Par conséquent, l' amour se situe aux confins imprenables de la possibilité d'illusions qui accompagnent la liberté. De plus, l' amour est (...) toujours menacé par la possibilité masquée de l'autosatisfaction. Cependant, cette double suspicion d'illusion n'anéantit pas la possibilité de l' amour. L' amour, qui est encore plus difficile que la liberté, reste possible comme ce qui est caché et à condition d'être caché. So that freedom may rests itself on another level than that of things governed by causal necessity, one needs necessarily to refer to the level of the soul. But freedom is possible only accompanied with multiple illusions. Now love is the act of the subject of the soul: it offers itself totally to the other one by knocking down radically his principle of foundation which is the self-centeredness. Consequently love is situated in the impregnable borders of the possibility of illusions which go along freedom. Furthermore, love is always threatened by the masked possibility of self-satisfaction. However this double suspicion of illusion does not annihilate the possibility of love. Love, which is even more difficult than freedom, remains liable as what is hidden and on the condition of its being hidden. (shrink)

Replication forks inevitably stall at damaged DNA in every cell cycle. The ability to overcome DNA lesions is an essential feature of the replication machinery. A variety of specialized polymerases have recently been discovered, which enable cells to replicate past various forms of damage by a process termed translesion synthesis. Alternatively, homologous recombination can be used to restart DNA replication across the lesion. Genetic and biochemical studies have shed light on the impact of these two post‐replication repair pathways in bacteria (...) and yeast. In vertebrates, however, a genetic approach to study post‐replication repair has been compromised because many of the genes involved appear to be essential for embryonic development. We have taken advantage of the chicken cell line DT40 to perform a genetic analysis of translesion synthesis and homologous recombination and to characterize genetic interactions between these two pathways in vertebrates. In this article, we aim to summarize our current understanding of post‐replication repair in DT40 in the perspective of bacterial, yeast and mammalian genetics. BioEssays 26:151–158, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Most previous research has demonstrated that receiving ability-focused praise negatively affects intrinsic motivation following failure. Surprisingly, a recent study showed that ability-focused praise affects not only the praisee but also the person offering praise, that is, the praiser. However, evidence of the effects on the praiser is quite limited, despite the utility of praise in education. Therefore, the present study employed face-to-face interaction to advance the knowledge of the effects of praise on the praiser. Two experiments were conducted in which (...) undergraduate participants praised a research confederate. We measured attentional engagement using an eye-tracker as a behavioral indicator of intrinsic motivation, as well as self-reported task enjoyment. To estimate the effect of praise, we combined the results of two experiments and conducted a Bayes factor meta-analysis. The results showed that in the ability praise group, participants’ attentional engagement in a task was significantly lower than in the control group. The present finding indicates that ability-focused praise negatively affects the praiser’s intrinsic motivation and suggests that praise should be used with caution in social and educational contexts. (shrink)

A psycho-historical framework for the science of art appreciation will be an experimental discipline that may shed new light on the highest capacities of the human brain, yielding new scientific ways to talk about the art appreciation. The recent findings of the contextual information processing in the human brain make the concept of the art-historical context clear for empirical experimentation.

Researchers have suggested that infants exhibiting baby schema are considered cute. These similar studies have mainly focused on changes in overall baby schema facial features. However, whether a change in only eye size affects the perception of cuteness across different facial expressions and ages has not been explicitly evaluated until now. In the present study, a paired comparison method and 7-point scale were used to investigate the effects of eye size on perceived cuteness across facial expressions and ages. The results (...) show that stimuli with large eyes were perceived to be cuter than both unmanipulated eyes and small eyes across all facial expressions and age groups. This suggests not only that the effect of baby schema on cuteness is based on changes in a set of features but also that eye size as an individual feature can affect the perception of cuteness. (shrink)

The masked priming paradigm has been extensively used to investigate the indirect impacts of unconscious stimuli on conscious behaviors, and the congruency effect of priming on free choices has gained increasing attention. Free choices allow participants to voluntarily choose a response from multiple options during each trial. While repeated practice is known to increase priming effects in subliminal visual tasks, whether practice increases the priming effect of free choices in the masked priming paradigm is unclear. And it is also not (...) clear how the proportions of free choice and forced choice trials in one block will affect the free choice masked priming effect. The present study applied repeated practice in the masked priming paradigm and found that after training, the participants were more likely to be influenced by masked primes during free choice, but this training process did not alter the visibility of masked stimuli. In addition, this study revealed that when the proportions of free choice and forced choice trials were equal during the training stage, this enhanced effect by practice was the strongest. These results indicated that practice could enhance masked stimulus processing in free-choice, and that the learning effect may mainly be derived from the early selection and integrated processing of masked stimuli. (shrink)