The paper offers a formalization of reasoning about distributed multi-agent systems. The presented propositional probabilistic temporal epistemic logic $\textbf {PTEL}$ is developed in full detail: syntax, semantics, soundness and strong completeness theorems. As an example, we prove consistency of the blockchain protocol with respect to the given set of axioms expressed in the formal language of the logic. We explain how to extend $\textbf {PTEL}$ to axiomatize the corresponding first-order logic.

It is proved that MacLane''s coherence results for monoidal and symmetric monoidal categories can be extended to some other categories with multiplication; namely, to relevant, affine and cartesian categories. All results are formulated in terms of natural transformations equipped with graphs (g-natural transformations) and corresponding morphism theorems are given as consequences. Using these results, some basic relations between the free categories of these classes are obtained.

This article critically examines the emergent phenomena of AI-generated and NFT art through the lens of Georg Lukács’ theory of reification and its existential implications. Lukács argued that under capitalism, social relations and human experiences are transformed into objective, quantifiable commodities, leading to a fragmented and alienated consciousness. Applying this framework to AI and NFT art, these technologies can be said to represent extreme examples of the reification of art and creativity in the digital age. AI art generators reduce artistic (...) production to abstract, computable properties divorced from lived experience, while NFTs transform digital art into speculative commodities, imposing the logic of private property and exchange value onto the previously open domain of online culture. The existential dimension of this reification is explored, raising questions about the nature of creativity, originality, and the value of art in an increasingly financialized and automated world. The article suggests that a Lukácsian critique must not only diagnose the reified character of these cultural forms but also identify their potential for resistance and transformation, pointing toward a re-humanized and emancipatory vision of art in the digital age. Contemporary theorists such as Tiziana Terranova, Nick Dyer-Witheford, and Benjamin Noys are invoked to further elucidate these issues. (shrink)

We study a propositional probabilistic temporal epistemic logic $\textbf {PTEL}$ with both future and past temporal operators, with non-rigid set of agents and the operators for agents’ knowledge and for common knowledge and with probabilities defined on the sets of runs and on the sets of possible worlds. A semantics is given by a class ${\scriptsize{\rm Mod}}$ of Kripke-like models with possible worlds. We prove decidability of $\textbf {PTEL}$ by showing that checking satisfiability of a formula in ${\scriptsize{\rm Mod}}$ is (...) equivalent to checking its satisfiability in a finite set of finitely representable structures. The same procedure can be applied to the class of all synchronous ${\scriptsize{\rm Mod}}$-models. We give an upper complexity bound for the satisfiability problem for ${\scriptsize{\rm Mod}}$. (shrink)

Rafael Malach is currently a professor in the department of Neurobiology at the Weizmann Institute in Israel. His current research is aimed at understanding how the neuronal circuitry in the human brain translates a stream of sensory stimuli into meaningful perception. Rafael Malach received his PhD in physiological optics from UC Berkeley and did his post-doctorate research at MIT. Originally doing research on the organization of neuronal connections in the primate brain, his focus has recently shifted to the study of (...) the human cerebral cortex using fMRI. Professor Malach has begun this research at Massachusetts General Hospital, exploring a new object-related region called the lateral occipital complex. Since then he expanded this research, studying the human visual cortex using a variety of methods, including adaptation paradigms, backward masking, and more recently naturalistic stimuli--all aimed at deciphering the intriguing link between perceptual experience and brain activity. (shrink)

Nakon ukazivanja na razlicite religijske koncepcije porekla zla, autor se usredsredjuje na razmatranje hinduizma kao tipicnog primera monizma. Buduci da su indijska bozanstva zapravo manifestacije vecnog pranacela, ona u sebi sadrze jedinstvo suprotnosti, tj. imaju i svetlu i mracnu stranu. Zlo koje pogadja pojedinca tumaci se kao ogresenje o univerzalni kosmicki i moralni poredak. Ucenje da covekovu sudbinu odredjuju njegova dela iz prethodnih inkarnacija gotovo je opsteprihvaceno u Indiji. Ideja karme u isti mah obezbedjuje kosmicku pravdu i lisava Boga odgovornosti (...) za zlo u svetu. Apersonalni zakon karme ima takodje i pedagosku funkciju. Citav svet je proistekao iz brahmana i nalazi se u procesu evolucije. Kroz brojne zivote i razlicita iskustva, trpeci posledice svog ponasanja, individua stice duhovnu pouku. U vremenima kosmickih kriza, kada zlo preovladava svetom, Visnu se inkarnira u liku avatara da bi pobedio zlo i obnovio blokiranu evoluciju. Mada zlo biva porazeno, ono ipak ne moze biti sasvim iskorenjeno iz fizickog sveta. Spasenje je za coveka moguce tek kad sagori ego i, prosvetlivsi se transcendira sferu dualnosti. (shrink)

. A paraconsistent logic is a logical system that attempts to deal with contradictions in a discriminating way. In an earlier paper [Notre Dame J. Form. Log. 49, 401–424], we developed the systems of weakening of intuitionistic negation logic, called and, in the spirit of da Costa's approach by preserving, differently from da Costa, the fundamental properties of negation: antitonicity, inversion and additivity for distributive lattices. Taking into account these results, we make some observations on the modified systems of and, (...) and their paraconsistent properties. (shrink)

The presumed lifestyle changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic are the reason for research into the self-assessment of parents of early and preschool children about parental behaviors during lockdown in the first wave of a pandemic. The aim was to explore the quality of parenting through joint activities and behaviors towards children. A relative majority of survey participants estimate that they have not significantly changed individual activities with children while a quarter of parents estimate that they do so more often (...) than before. Nearly half of parents estimate that they play more with their children than before the lockdown. Family relationships have been singled out as the most important dimension of parenting. Age, level of formal education and marital status of research participants as a predictor explains only 2.3 % of the variability of parental self-assessment, so it is reasonable to assume the existence of other, more significant predictors of parenting quality. The collected data indicate the advantages and disadvantages of online research. The size of the sample indicates the involvement of parents on social networks, which indicates the possibility of further research on parenting. (shrink)

Publication date: 28 April 2021 Source: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences Vol. 90 Author: Zoran Mastilo, Nenad Božović, Dejan Mastilo The paper addresses and evaluates the currency board policy and assesses whether the currency board, as a form of monetary policy, is in the function of development of Bosnia and Herzegovina's national economy. In this context, a hypothesis that the currency board provides the foundation for growth and development of a transition economy is being put to the (...) test. To test the hypothesis, the paper compares the movement of economic growth indicators among the countries of South Eastern Europe with the primary focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina. By comparing the obtained results, as well as by applying the correlation and regression analysis, by means of simple linear regression, it is proven that the currency board does not represent an obstacle to economic growth, but is the basis for establishing the stability of the economy and the basis for sustainable growth and development able to adequately respond to shocks. (shrink)

In this paper we propose substructural propositional logic obtained by da Costa weakening of the intuitionistic negation. We show that the positive fragment of the da Costa system is distributive lattice logic, and we apply a kind of da Costa weakening of negation, by preserving, differently from da Costa, its fundamental properties: antitonicity, inversion, and additivity for distributive lattices. The other stronger paraconsistent logic with constructive negation is obtained by adding an axiom for multiplicative property of weak negation. After that, (...) we define Kripke-style semantics based on possible worlds and derive from it many-valued semantics based on truth-functional valuations for these two paraconsistent logics. Finally, we demonstrate that this model-theoretic inference system is adequate—sound and complete with respect to the axiomatic da Costa-like systems for these two logics. (shrink)

In this paper we consider the class of truth-functional modal many-valued logics with the complete lattice of truth-values. The conjunction and disjunction logic operators correspond to the meet and join operators of the lattices, while the negation is independently introduced as a hierarchy of antitonic operators which invert bottom and top elements. The non-constructive logic implication will be defined for a subclass of modular lattices, while the constructive implication for distributive lattices (Heyting algebras) is based on relative pseudo-complements as in (...) intuitionistic logic. We show that the complete lattices are intrinsically modal, with banal identity modal operator. We define the autoreferential set-based representation for the class of modal algebras, and show that the autoreferential Kripke-style semantics for this class of modal algebras is based on the set of possible worlds equal to the complete lattice of algebraic truth-values. The philosophical assumption is based on the consideration that each possible world represents a level of credibility, so that only propositions with the right logic value (i.e., level of credibility) can be accepted by this world, then we connect it with paraconsistent properties and LFI logics. The bottom truth value in this complete lattice corresponds to the trivial world in which each formula is satisfied, that is, to the world with explosive inconsistency. The top truth value corresponds to the world with classical logics, while all intermediate possible worlds represent the different levels of paraconsistent logics. (shrink)

The great variety of meditation techniques found in different contemplative traditions presents a challenge when attempting to create taxonomies based on the constructs of contemporary cognitive sciences. In the current issue of Consciousness and Cognition, Travis and Shear add ‘automatic self-transcending’ to the previously proposed categories of ‘focused attention’ and ‘open monitoring’, and suggest characteristic EEG bands as the defining criteria for each of the three categories. Accuracy of current taxonomies and potential limitations of EEG measurements as classifying criteria are (...) discussed. (shrink)

This article investigates the tenet of Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) that art, like philosophy, is a form of cognition different from literal knowledge by applying key OOO concepts to the analysis of the Renaissance painting The Ambassadors (1533), a double portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/98–1543). The Ambassadors is found to exemplify the key principles of OOO in its treatment of objects and their relationships. Through an OOO lens, the painting becomes not merely a literal representation of the subjects and (...) their possessions, but a dynamic interplay of real and sensual qualities that exceeds any straightforward paraphrase. The figures and objects in the work are not simply passive symbols, but active agents that withdraw from direct access, preserving their autonomy and inviting the viewer’s participatory engagement. Holbein’s masterpiece comes alive precisely by troubling its own representational coherence, drawing the viewer into an uncanny encounter with the withdrawn depths of objects. By reading The Ambassadors through an object-oriented framework, the painting exemplifies art’s capacity to operate as a non-literal form of cognition, irreducible to mere symbolic codes or propositional knowledge. (shrink)

The paper is on the role of complex thought in the development of thought and scientific knowledge. According to Vigotsky, the complex thought is the first phase in the ontogenesis and phylogenesis of human thought. It is in this sense pre-conceptual. Also, according to Vigotsky, the complex thought has its internal genesis which begins with associative complexes and ends in pseudo-concepts. Complex also an explanatory role in scientific thought. Complex thought ppears on all levels and stages of the development of (...) scientific knowledge. Metaphors may appear in the complex thought as a dominant mode of thought or in the conceptual structure as the auxiliary in the explanation. Analogies present a certain structuration of the complex thought, which contributes to the creation of conceptual structure. The place of analogy is thus between a complex thought and conceptual thought. (shrink)

U svetu arhajskog čoveka -- Kožev--"posthumni" mislilac -- Žan Delimo ili apologija pesimizma -- Pitanje tragedije.

It is argued that the so-called “absolute space-time theory” is inconsistent, in disagreement with some astronomical observations, and improperly titled.

Let us imagine an actor on stage presenting an impersonation of a certain politician, his manners and his body language. Now, suppose another actor sitting in the audience, impressed by the show and deciding to adopt something of his colleague’s style. He rents another stage and presents an impersonation of the same politician according to what he has learned. What does he actually do? In a certain sense he “imitates” the politician, but in another sense he “imitates” the first actor, (...) whose theatrical style he has adopted.These of course are two entirely different activities, but language marks them both as “imitation.” This lack of differentiation is not a caprice of a particular language; even languages that.. (shrink)

Since in Heyting Arithmetic all atomic formulas are decidable, a Kripke model for HA may be regarded classically as a collection of classical structures for the language of arithmetic, partially ordered by the submodel relation. The obvious question is then: are these classical structures models of Peano Arithmetic ? And dually: if a collection of models of PA, partially ordered by the submodel relation, is regarded as a Kripke model, is it a model of HA? Some partial answers to these (...) questions were obtained in [6], [3], [1] and [2]. Here we present some results in the same direction, announced in [7]. In particular, it is proved that the classical structures at the nodes of a Kripke model of HA must be models of IΔ1 and that the relation between these classical structures must be that of a Δ1-elementary submodel. MSC: 03F30, 03F55. (shrink)

U nacrtu ovog projekta raspravlja se o izazovima pred kojim se nalazi nacionalna drzava u dinamicnim procesima globalizacije. Prvo se nastoji odrediti pojam globalizacije kao decentralizovani proces kondenzacije i homogenizacije prostora i vremena a zatim se ukazuje na ambivalentnu strukturu diskursa o globalizaciji - njegovu semanticku i pragmaticku dimenziju. Potom se izlaze neoliberalno glediste o eroziji i slabljenju nacionalne drzave usled premoci globalnog kapitalistickog pogona, kako u pogledu njenih tradicionalnih funkcija tako i u pogledu njenog internog i eksternog suvereniteta. Protiv (...) neoliberalne teze o eroziji nacionalne drzave izneseni su mnogi uglavnom empirijski argumenti. Neki od njih su prezentovani u ovom tekstu. Poenta ove argumentacije sastoji se u generalnom stavu da izmedju erozije nacionalne drzave i procesa globalizacije ne postoji jaka veza. U skladu sa prezentovanom kritickom argumentacijom tvrdi se da u uslovima globalizacionih procesa samo ona drustva iza kojih stoji jaka i stabilna drzava imaju izglede na uspeh. Politika a ne ekonomija i dalje dominira medjunarodnim odnosima. Naglasavanje momenta drzavne politike otvara novu perspektivu u razmatranju procesa globalizacije. Tekuci globalizacioni procesi ne mogu se razumeti nezavisno od geopolitickih interesa i promene balansa svetske moci. Tekst se zavrsava ukazivanjem na ideologicnost neoliberalnog diskursa o globalizaciji propitivanjem druge bazicne i nereflektovane pretpostavke ovog diskursa po kojoj su procesi globalizacije u isto vreme i procesi emancipacije. Osporavanjem nuzne veze izmedju globalizacije i emancipacije gradi se pozicija sa koje je moguca normativna kritika tekucih procesa. (shrink)

In his ontological argument Gödel says nothing about its underlying logic. The argument is modal and at least of second-order and since S5 axiom is used so it is widely accepted that the logic of the argument is the S5 second-order modal logic. However, there is a step in the proof in which Gödel applies the necessitation rule on the assumptions of the argument (see [3]). This is repeated by all of his followers (see [1] and [5]). This application of (...) the necessitation rule can seriously harm the consequence relation of the logic of the ontological argument. It seems that the only way to preserve the modal logic S5 for the ontological argument is to assume some of its axioms in the necessitated form. (shrink)

Based on the notion of the world as a whole, as formulated by Kant and Hegel, it is possible to articulate a dynamic vision of the world in which the interrelationships between various factors are adequately represented. In this way, each side of the “calculus” would be problematised in the face of the problems of mainstream bioethics in a complex context of mutual conditionality. The dialectical idea of the world as a whole would help bioethics gain insight into the way (...) its principles are mediated with the principles of other orders of human action, an attempt to theoretically support bioethicists’ awareness of the need for a global approach to their subject. By formulating its principles in the light of a much-needed global approach, for example, concerning a global environmental catastrophe, it is more likely that it will be able to become one mechanism for radically changing our daily lives. (shrink)

Der Verfasser befasst sich zuerst mit den theoretischen und gesellschaftlich - geschichtlichen Voraussetzungen der Konzeption der Vernunft Kants. Kants Auseinandersetzung mit dem Problem der Metaphysik, wie auch die Aufgaben einer philosophischen Begr?ndung der Wissenschaft und einer Grundlegend der Ethik, haben die Einf?hrung eines Unterschieds zwischen Verstand und Vernunft, Kategorien und Ideen, bzw. der theoretischen und der praktischen Sph?re bedingt. Nach einer Betrachtung der Konstitution Rolle des Verstandes und des Regulativen Gebrauchs der Ideen in der theoretischen Sph?re untersuchte der Autor Kants (...) Auffassung?ber die Konsumtion Rolle der Vernunft in der praktischen Sph?re. Sich auf seine Lehre vom Primat der praktischen?ber die theoretischen Vernunft, bzw. vom Primat der Moralit?t?ber die Wissenschaft st?tzend, stellt der Verfasser fest, dass f?r eine Zivilisieren der Verstand gen?gt, aber f?r eine Moralisieren die Vernunft unentbehrlich ist. Bei seiner Betrachtung von Kants Versuch der?berbr?ckung des Abgrunds zwischen Natur und Freiheit durch die Einf?hrung der reflektierenden Urteilskraft, verweist der Autor auf eine?hnlichkeit zwischen der Vernunft und der reflektierenden Urteilskraft bez?glich ihrer Regulativen Rolle in der theoretischen Erkenntnis. Die Untersuchung des Verh?ltnisses zwischen Natur und Vernunft in der Philosophie von Kant, wie auch die Konfrontation der Konzeptionen der Vernunft von Kant und Hegel bietet die Voraussetzungen f?r das Verstehen eines ambivalenten Verh?ltnisses des K?nigsberg Denkers zur Revolution. Nach einer?berpr?fung des Urteils von Lukacs?ber Kant als einem typischen Vertreter des b?rgerlichen Denkens, er?rtert der Verfasser am Ende der Studie, ob uns Kants Philosophie helfen kann, die Krise zu?berwinden, in der sich die Menschheit heute befindet.. Autor najpre ispituje teorijske i drustveno-istorijske pretpostavke Kantove koncepcije uma. Kantovo suocavanje s problemom statusa metafizike, kao i zadaci filozofskog utemeljenja nauke i zasnivanja etike uslovili su uspostavljanje razlike izmedju razuma i uma, kategorija i ideja, odnosno teorijske i prakticke sfere. Nakon razmatranja konstitutivne uloge razuma i regulativne upotrebe ideja u teorijskoj sferi, autor ispituje Kantovo shvatanje konstitutivne uloge uma u praktickoj sferi. Oslanjajuci se na njegovo ucenje o primatu praktickog nad teorijskim umom, morala nad naukom autor zakljucuje da je za civilizovanost dovoljan razum, dok je za moralizovanost neophodan um. Posto je razmotrio Kantov pokusaj da uvodjenjem refleksivne moci sudjenja premosti ponor izmedju nuznosti i slobode, autor ukazuje na slicnost uma i refleksivne moci sudjenja u pogledu njihove regulativne uloge u teorijskom saznanju. Ispitivanje odnosa prirode i uma u Kantovoj filozofiji, kao i suceljavanje Kantove i Hegelove koncepcije uma nude pretpostavke za razumevanje ambivalentnog stava kenigsberskog mislioca prema revoluciji. Nakon preispitivanja Lukaceve ocene o Kantu kao tipicnom predstavniku gradjanskog misljenja, autor ne kraju rada raspravlja da li nam Kantova filozofija moze pomoci da prebrodimo krizu u kojoj se danas covecanstvo nalazi. (shrink)