Results for 'logical probability'

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  1.  21
    Jon Williamson.Probability Logic - 2002 - In Dov M. Gabbay (ed.), Handbook of the logic of argument and inference: the turn towards the practical. New York: Elsevier. pp. 397.
  2. Hermann Vetter.Logical Probability - 1970 - In Paul Weingartner & Gerhard Zecha (eds.), Induction, physics, and ethics. Dordrecht,: Reidel. pp. 75.
     
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  3. Resurrecting logical probability.James Franklin - 2001 - Erkenntnis 55 (2):277-305.
    The logical interpretation of probability, or "objective Bayesianism'' – the theory that (some) probabilities are strictly logical degrees of partial implication – is defended. The main argument against it is that it requires the assignment of prior probabilities, and that any attempt to determine them by symmetry via a "principle of insufficient reason" inevitably leads to paradox. Three replies are advanced: that priors are imprecise or of little weight, so that disagreement about them does not matter, within (...)
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  4.  15
    Logic, Probability and Science.Niall Shanks & Robert B. Gardner (eds.) - 2000 - Atlanta: Rodopi.
    Otdvio Bueno, Empiricism, Mathematical Truth and Mathematical Knowledge 219 Commentary by Chuang Liu. Reply by Bueno. Chuang Liu, Coins and Electrons: A ...
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  5.  14
    About Logically Probable Sentences.Adam Olszewski - 2024 - Bulletin of the Section of Logic 53 (3):365-397.
    The starting point of this paper is the empirically determined ability to reason in natural language by employing probable sentences. A sentence is understood to be logically probable if its schema, expressed as a formula in the language of classical propositional calculus, takes the logical value of truth for the majority of Boolean valuations, i.e., as a logically probable formula. Then, the formal system P is developed to encode the set of these logically probable formulas. Based on natural semantics, (...)
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  6. Logical probability, mathematical statistics, and the problem of induction.Hermann Vetter - 1969 - Synthese 20 (1):56 - 71.
    In this paper I want to discuss some basic problems of inductive logic, i.e. of the attempt to solve the problem of induction by means of a calculus of logical probability. I shall try to throw some light upon these problems by contrasting inductive logic, based on logical probability, and working with undefined samples of observations, with mathematical statistics, based on statistical probability, and working with representative random samples.
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  7.  18
    Logic, Probability, and Presumptions in Legal Reasoning.Scott Brewer - 1998 - Routledge.
    Illuminates legal reasoning -- and its justification At least since plato and Aristotle, thinkers have pondered the relationship between philosophical arguments and the "sophistical" arguments offered by the Sophists -- who were the first professional lawyers. Judges wield substantial political power, and the justifications they offer for their decisions are a vital means by which citizens can assess the legitimacy of how that power is exercised. However, to evaluate judicial justifications requires close attention to the method of reasoning behind decisions. (...)
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  8.  24
    Logic, probability, and epistemology: the power of semantics.Sahotra Sarkar (ed.) - 1996 - New York: Garland Pub. Co..
    A new direction in philosophy Between 1920 and 1940 logical empiricism reset the direction of philosophy of science and much of the rest of Anglo-American philosophy. It began as a relatively organized movement centered on the Vienna Circle, and like-minded philosophers elsewhere, especially in Berlin. As Europe drifted into the Nazi era, several important figures, especially Carnap and Neurath, also found common ground in their liberal politics and radical social agenda. Together, the logical empiricists set out to reform (...)
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  9. Can logical probability be viewed as a measure of degrees of partial entailment?Alberto Mario Mura - 2008 - Logic and Philosophy of Science 6 (1):25-33.
     
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  10. Logic, probability, and quantum theory.Arthur I. Fine - 1968 - Philosophy of Science 35 (2):101-111.
    The aim of this paper is to present and discuss a probabilistic framework that is adequate for the formulation of quantum theory and faithful to its applications. Contrary to claims, which are examined and rebutted, that quantum theory employs a nonclassical probability theory based on a nonclassical "logic," the probabilistic framework set out here is entirely classical and the "logic" used is Boolean. The framework consists of a set of states and a set of quantities that are interrelated in (...)
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  11. Logic, probability, and coherence.John M. Vickers - 2001 - Philosophy of Science 68 (1):95-110.
    How does deductive logic constrain probability? This question is difficult for subjectivistic approaches, according to which probability is just strength of (prudent) partial belief, for this presumes logical omniscience. This paper proposes that the way in which probability lies always between possibility and necessity can be made precise by exploiting a minor theorem of de Finetti: In any finite set of propositions the expected number of truths is the sum of the probabilities over the set. This (...)
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  12.  51
    Logic, Probability, and Pragmatics in Syllogistic Reasoning.Michael Henry Tessler, Joshua B. Tenenbaum & Noah D. Goodman - 2022 - Topics in Cognitive Science 14 (3):574-601.
    Topics in Cognitive Science, Volume 14, Issue 3, Page 574-601, July 2022.
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  13. Philippe Mongin.Nonaddittve Probability - 1994 - In Dag Prawitz & Dag Westerståhl (eds.), Logic and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala: Papers From the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 49.
     
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  14.  29
    Łukasiewicz's Logical Probability and a Puzzle about Conditionalization.Tomasz Placek - 1998 - In Katarzyna Kijania-Placek & Jan Woleński (eds.), The Lvov-Warsaw school and contemporary philosophy. Dordrecht and Boston, MA, USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 337--340.
  15.  51
    The structure of logical probabilities.Jens Erik Fenstad - 1968 - Synthese 18 (1):1 - 23.
  16.  38
    Carnap’s Logical Probability and Free Will Dilemma.Paweł Pruski - 2022 - Open Journal of Philosophy 12 (1):133-145.
    Pondering the question of free will in the context of probability allows us to take a fresh look at a number of old problems. We are able to avoid deterministic entrapments and attempt to look at free will as an outcome of the entire decision-making system. In my paper, I will argue that free will should be considered in the context of a complex system of decisions, not individual cases. The proposed system will be probabilistic in character, so it (...)
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  17. Is the theory of logical probability groundless?D. C. Stove - 2010 - In Antony Eagle (ed.), Philosophy of Probability: Contemporary Readings. New York: Routledge.
     
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  18. Probability logic, logical probability, and inductive support.Isaac Levi - 2010 - Synthese 172 (1):97-118.
    This paper seeks to defend the following conclusions: The program advanced by Carnap and other necessarians for probability logic has little to recommend it except for one important point. Credal probability judgments ought to be adapted to changes in evidence or states of full belief in a principled manner in conformity with the inquirer’s confirmational commitments—except when the inquirer has good reason to modify his or her confirmational commitment. Probability logic ought to spell out the constraints on (...)
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  19. Must the logical probability of laws be zero?C. Howson - 1973 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 24 (2):153-163.
  20. Neutrosophic overset, neutrosophic underset, and neutrosophic offset: similarly for neutrosophic over-/under-/off-logic, probability, and statistics.Florentin Smarandache - 2016 - Brussels: Pons Editions.
    Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and -Logic were defined for the first time by Smarandache in 1995 and published in 2007. They are totally different from other sets/logics/probabilities. He extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is > 1}, Neutrosophic Underset {when some neutrosophic component is < 0}, and to Neutrosophic Offset {when some neutrosophic components are off the interval [0, 1], i.e. some neutrosophic component > 1 and other neutrosophic component < 0}. This is no surprise with (...)
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  21.  11
    The development of logical probability.Colin Howson - 1976 - In R. S. Cohen, P. K. Feyerabend & M. Wartofsky (eds.), Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos. Reidel. pp. 277--298.
  22.  12
    Logic and Probability in Quantum Mechanics.Patrick Suppes (ed.) - 1976 - Dordrecht and Boston: Springer.
    During the academic years 1972-1973 and 1973-1974, an intensive sem inar on the foundations of quantum mechanics met at Stanford on a regular basis. The extensive exploration of ideas in the seminar led to the org~ization of a double issue of Synthese concerned with the foundations of quantum mechanics, especially with the role of logic and probability in quantum meChanics. About half of the articles in the volume grew out of this seminar. The remaining articles have been so licited (...)
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  23.  81
    A rule of acceptance based on logical probability.Halina Mortimer - 1973 - Synthese 26 (2):259 - 263.
  24. (1 other version)Logical foundations of probability.Rudolf Carnap - 1950 - Chicago]: Chicago University of Chicago Press.
    APA PsycNET abstract: This is the first volume of a two-volume work on Probability and Induction. Because the writer holds that probability logic is identical with inductive logic, this work is devoted to philosophical problems concerning the nature of probability and inductive reasoning. The author rejects a statistical frequency basis for probability in favor of a logical relation between two statements or propositions. Probability "is the degree of confirmation of a hypothesis (or conclusion) on (...)
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  25.  41
    Inductive Logic as Explication: The Evolution of Carnap’s Notion of Logical Probability.Marta Sznajder - 2018 - The Monist 101 (4):417-440.
    According to a popular interpretation, Carnap’s interpretation of probability had evolved from a logical towards a subjective conception. However Carnap himself insisted that his basic philosophical view of probability was always the same. I address this apparent clash between Carnap's self-identification and the subsequent interpretations of his work. Following its original intentions, I reconstruct inductive logic as an explication. The emerging picture is of a versatile linguistic framework, whose main function is not the discovery of objective (...) relations in the object language, but the stipulation of conceptual possibilities. Within this representation, I map out the changes that the project went through. Seen from such an explication-based perspective, inductive logic becomes quite hard to categorize using the standard labels. (shrink)
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  26. Probability logic.Niki Pfeifer - 2021 - In Markus Knauff & Wolfgang Spohn (eds.), The Handbook of Rationality. London: MIT Press.
    This chapter presents probability logic as a rationality framework for human reasoning under uncertainty. Selected formal-normative aspects of probability logic are discussed in the light of experimental evidence. Specifically, probability logic is characterized as a generalization of bivalent truth-functional propositional logic (short “logic”), as being connexive, and as being nonmonotonic. The chapter discusses selected argument forms and associated uncertainty propagation rules. Throughout the chapter, the descriptive validity of probability logic is compared to logic, which was used (...)
     
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  27. An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic.Ian Hacking - 2001 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    This is an introductory 2001 textbook on probability and induction written by one of the world's foremost philosophers of science. The book has been designed to offer maximal accessibility to the widest range of students and assumes no formal training in elementary symbolic logic. It offers a comprehensive course covering all basic definitions of induction and probability, and considers such topics as decision theory, Bayesianism, frequency ideas, and the philosophical problem of induction. The key features of this book (...)
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  28.  13
    Probability Theory and Probability Logic.Peter Roeper & Hugues Leblanc - 1999 - University of Toronto Press.
    As a survey of many technical results in probability theory and probability logic, this monograph by two widely respected scholars offers a valuable compendium of the principal aspects of the formal study of probability. Hugues Leblanc and Peter Roeper explore probability functions appropriate for propositional, quantificational, intuitionistic, and infinitary logic and investigate the connections among probability functions, semantics, and logical consequence. They offer a systematic justification of constraints for various types of probability functions, (...)
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  29.  82
    Probability and Logic.Kenny Easwaran - 2014 - Philosophy Compass 9 (12):876-883.
    Probability and logic are two branches of mathematics that have important philosophical applications. This article discusses several areas of intersection between them. Several involve the role for probability in giving semantics for logic or the role of logic in governing assignments of probability. Some involve probability over non-classical logic or self-referential sentences.
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  30. The logic of conditionals: an application of probability to deductive logic.Ernest Wilcox Adams - 1996 - Boston: D. Reidel Pub. Co..
    THE INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL. A PROBABILISTIC CRITERION OF SOUNDNESS FOR DEDUCTIVE INFERENCES Our objective in this section is to establish a prima facie case ...
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  31. What is Logical about the Logical Interpretation of Probability?Torfehnezhad Parzhad - 2016 - Abstracta 9 (1).
    My goal, in this paper, is to critically assess the categorization of “interpretations of probability” as it appears in the literature. In some sources only Carnap’s treatment of probability is understood to be the best example of “logicalprobability. This is surprisingly narrow and I will here suggest otherwise. In fact, I believe that certain forms of Baysianism should also be included in the logical camp.
     
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  32. Inductive Logic and the Foundations of Probability Theory: A Revaluation of Carnap's Program.Maria Concetta Di Maio - 1992 - Dissertation, Princeton University
    In this thesis I defend and pursue that line about the foundations of probability theory which has come to be known as "the logicist view about probability", and, in particular, the shape which it took in Carnap's Inductive Logic. ;Most philosophers who now deal with probability theory claim that Carnap's program of Inductive Logic has failed. The main aim of my thesis is to show that this judgment is based on a fundamental misunderstanding about the nature and (...)
     
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  33. Probability semantics for quantifier logic.Theodore Hailperin - 2000 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 29 (2):207-239.
    By supplying propositional calculus with a probability semantics we showed, in our 1996, that finite stochastic problems can be treated by logic-theoretic means equally as well as by the usual set-theoretic ones. In the present paper we continue the investigation to further the use of logical notions in probability theory. It is shown that quantifier logic, when supplied with a probability semantics, is capable of treating stochastic problems involving countably many trials.
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  34.  71
    Absolute probability functions for intuitionistic propositional logic.Peter Roeper & Hugues Leblanc - 1999 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 28 (3):223-234.
    Provided here is a characterisation of absolute probability functions for intuitionistic (propositional) logic L, i.e. a set of constraints on the unary functions P from the statements of L to the reals, which insures that (i) if a statement A of L is provable in L, then P(A) = 1 for every P, L's axiomatisation being thus sound in the probabilistic sense, and (ii) if P(A) = 1 for every P, then A is provable in L, L's axiomatisation being (...)
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  35.  38
    Probability and Symmetric Logic.Michał Gil Sanchez, Zalán Gyenis & Leszek Wroński - 2022 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 52 (1):183-198.
    In this paper we study the interaction between symmetric logic and probability. In particular, we axiomatize the convex hull of the set of evaluations of symmetric logic, yielding the notion of probability in symmetric logic. This answers an open problem of Williams ( 2016 ) and Paris ( 2001 ).
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  36.  46
    XIV*—Probability as the Logic of Science.Mary Hesse - 1972 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 72 (1):257-272.
    Mary Hesse; XIV*—Probability as the Logic of Science, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 72, Issue 1, 1 June 1972, Pages 257–272, https://doi.org/1.
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  37.  18
    (1 other version)The Logic of Chance an Essay on the Foundations and Province of the Theory of Probability, with Especial Reference to its Logical Bearings and its Application to Moral and Social Science.John Venn - 1866 - London, England: Macmillan.
  38.  58
    Logical Form, Probability Interpretations, and the Inductive/Deductive Distinction.James B. Freeman - 1983 - Informal Logic 5 (2).
    Logical Form, Probability Interpretations, and the Inductive/Deductive Distinction.
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  39. Probability, Evidential Support, and the Logic of Conditionals.Vincenzo Crupi & Andrea Iacona - 2021 - Argumenta 6:211-222.
    Once upon a time, some thought that indicative conditionals could be effectively analyzed as material conditionals. Later on, an alternative theoretical construct has prevailed and received wide acceptance, namely, the conditional probability of the consequent given the antecedent. Partly following critical remarks recently ap- peared in the literature, we suggest that evidential support—rather than conditional probability alone—is key to understand indicative conditionals. There have been motivated concerns that a theory of evidential conditionals (unlike their more tra- ditional counterparts) (...)
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  40.  20
    Formal Logic, or the Calculus of Inference, Necessary and Probable.Augustus de Morgan - 1847 - London, England: Taylor & Walton.
  41.  93
    Conditional probability meets update logic.Johan van Benthem - 2003 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 12 (4):409-421.
    Dynamic update of information states is a new paradigm in logicalsemantics. But such updates are also a traditional hallmark ofprobabilistic reasoning. This note brings the two perspectives togetherin an update mechanism for probabilities which modifies state spaces.
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  42.  34
    Quantum Probability — Quantum Logic.Itamar Pitowsky - 2014 - Springer.
    This book compares various approaches to the interpretation of quantum mechanics, in particular those which are related to the key words "the Copenhagen interpretation", "the antirealist view", "quantum logic" and "hidden variable theory". Using the concept of "correlation" carefully analyzed in the context of classical probability and in quantum theory, the author provides a framework to compare these approaches. He also develops an extension of probability theory to construct a local hidden variable theory. The book should be of (...)
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  43. Logic and Probability.Lorenz Demey, Barteld Kooi & Joshua Sack - 2012 - In Ed Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, CA: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
     
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  44.  5
    Quantum, Probability, Logic: Itamar Pitowsky’s Work and Influence.Meir Hemmo & Orly Shenker (eds.) - 2020 - Springer.
    This volume provides a broad perspective on the state of the art in the philosophy and conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics. Its essays take their starting point in the work and influence of Itamar Pitowsky, who has greatly influenced our understanding of what is characteristically non-classical about quantum probabilities and quantum logic, and this serves as a vantage point from which they reflect on key ongoing debates in the field. Readers will find a definitive and multi-faceted description of the major (...)
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  45.  87
    Making decisions with evidential probability and objective Bayesian calibration inductive logics.Mantas Radzvilas, William Peden & Francesco De Pretis - forthcoming - International Journal of Approximate Reasoning:1-37.
    Calibration inductive logics are based on accepting estimates of relative frequencies, which are used to generate imprecise probabilities. In turn, these imprecise probabilities are intended to guide beliefs and decisions — a process called “calibration”. Two prominent examples are Henry E. Kyburg's system of Evidential Probability and Jon Williamson's version of Objective Bayesianism. There are many unexplored questions about these logics. How well do they perform in the short-run? Under what circumstances do they do better or worse? What is (...)
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  46. Probability logic of finitely additive beliefs.Chunlai Zhou - 2010 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 19 (3):247-282.
    Probability logics have been an active topic of investigation of beliefs in type spaces in game theoretical economics. Beliefs are expressed as subjective probability measures. Savage’s postulates in decision theory imply that subjective probability measures are not necessarily countably additive but finitely additive. In this paper, we formulate a probability logic Σ + that is strongly complete with respect to this class of type spaces with finitely additive probability measures, i.e. a set of formulas is (...)
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  47. A probability logical interpretation of fallacies.Niki Pfeifer - 2008 - In G. Kreuzbauer, N. Gratzl & E. Hiebl (eds.), Rhetorische Wissenschaft: Rede Und Argumentation in Theorie Und Praxis. Lit. pp. 225--244.
    This chapter presents a probability logical approach to fallacies. A special interpretation of (subjective) probability is used, which is based on coherence. Coherence provides not only a foundation of probability theory, but also a normative standard of reference for distinguishing fallacious from non-fallacious arguments. The violation of coherence is sufficient for an argument to be fallacious. The inherent uncertainty of everyday life argumentation is captured by attaching degrees of belief to the premises. Probability logic analyzes (...)
     
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  48. ``Probability and the Logic of Conditionals".Ernest Adams - 1967 - In Jaakko Hintikka (ed.), Aspects of inductive logic. Amsterdam,: North Holland Pub. Co.. pp. 165-316.
  49. Logic and probability.Colin Howson - 1997 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 48 (4):517-531.
    This paper argues that Ramsey's view of the calculus of subjective probabilities as, in effect, logical axioms is the correct view, with powerful heuristic value. This heuristic value is seen particularly in the analysis of the role of conditionalization in the Bayesian theory, where a semantic criterion of synchronic coherence is employed as the test of soundness, which the traditional formulation of conditionalization fails. On the other hand, there is a generally sound rule which supports conditionalization in appropriate contexts, (...)
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  50. The Logic of Conditionals: An Application of Probability to Deductive Logic.Ernest W. Adams - 1978 - Mind 87 (348):619-623.
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