Results for 'Logical Probability'

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  1.  21
    Jon Williamson.Probability Logic - 2002 - In Dov M. Gabbay, Handbook of the logic of argument and inference: the turn towards the practical. New York: Elsevier. pp. 397.
  2. Hermann Vetter.Logical Probability - 1970 - In Paul Weingartner & Gerhard Zecha, Induction, physics, and ethics. Dordrecht,: Reidel. pp. 75.
     
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  3. Can logical probability be viewed as a measure of degrees of partial entailment?Alberto Mario Mura - 2008 - Logic and Philosophy of Science 6 (1):25-33.
     
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  4. Resurrecting logical probability.James Franklin - 2001 - Erkenntnis 55 (2):277-305.
    The logical interpretation of probability, or "objective Bayesianism'' – the theory that (some) probabilities are strictly logical degrees of partial implication – is defended. The main argument against it is that it requires the assignment of prior probabilities, and that any attempt to determine them by symmetry via a "principle of insufficient reason" inevitably leads to paradox. Three replies are advanced: that priors are imprecise or of little weight, so that disagreement about them does not matter, within (...)
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  5.  25
    About Logically Probable Sentences.Adam Olszewski - 2024 - Bulletin of the Section of Logic 53 (3):365-397.
    The starting point of this paper is the empirically determined ability to reason in natural language by employing probable sentences. A sentence is understood to be logically probable if its schema, expressed as a formula in the language of classical propositional calculus, takes the logical value of truth for the majority of Boolean valuations, i.e., as a logically probable formula. Then, the formal system P is developed to encode the set of these logically probable formulas. Based on natural semantics, (...)
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  6. Logical probability, mathematical statistics, and the problem of induction.Hermann Vetter - 1969 - Synthese 20 (1):56 - 71.
    In this paper I want to discuss some basic problems of inductive logic, i.e. of the attempt to solve the problem of induction by means of a calculus of logical probability. I shall try to throw some light upon these problems by contrasting inductive logic, based on logical probability, and working with undefined samples of observations, with mathematical statistics, based on statistical probability, and working with representative random samples.
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  7. Logic, probability, and quantum theory.Arthur I. Fine - 1968 - Philosophy of Science 35 (2):101-111.
    The aim of this paper is to present and discuss a probabilistic framework that is adequate for the formulation of quantum theory and faithful to its applications. Contrary to claims, which are examined and rebutted, that quantum theory employs a nonclassical probability theory based on a nonclassical "logic," the probabilistic framework set out here is entirely classical and the "logic" used is Boolean. The framework consists of a set of states and a set of quantities that are interrelated in (...)
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  8. Logic, probability, and coherence.John M. Vickers - 2001 - Philosophy of Science 68 (1):95-110.
    How does deductive logic constrain probability? This question is difficult for subjectivistic approaches, according to which probability is just strength of (prudent) partial belief, for this presumes logical omniscience. This paper proposes that the way in which probability lies always between possibility and necessity can be made precise by exploiting a minor theorem of de Finetti: In any finite set of propositions the expected number of truths is the sum of the probabilities over the set. This (...)
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  9.  20
    Logic, Probability, and Presumptions in Legal Reasoning.Scott Brewer - 1998 - Routledge.
    Illuminates legal reasoning -- and its justification At least since plato and Aristotle, thinkers have pondered the relationship between philosophical arguments and the "sophistical" arguments offered by the Sophists -- who were the first professional lawyers. Judges wield substantial political power, and the justifications they offer for their decisions are a vital means by which citizens can assess the legitimacy of how that power is exercised. However, to evaluate judicial justifications requires close attention to the method of reasoning behind decisions. (...)
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  10.  25
    Logic, probability, and epistemology: the power of semantics.Sahotra Sarkar (ed.) - 1996 - New York: Garland Pub. Co..
    A new direction in philosophy Between 1920 and 1940 logical empiricism reset the direction of philosophy of science and much of the rest of Anglo-American philosophy. It began as a relatively organized movement centered on the Vienna Circle, and like-minded philosophers elsewhere, especially in Berlin. As Europe drifted into the Nazi era, several important figures, especially Carnap and Neurath, also found common ground in their liberal politics and radical social agenda. Together, the logical empiricists set out to reform (...)
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  11.  59
    Logic, Probability, and Pragmatics in Syllogistic Reasoning.Michael Henry Tessler, Joshua B. Tenenbaum & Noah D. Goodman - 2022 - Topics in Cognitive Science 14 (3):574-601.
    Topics in Cognitive Science, Volume 14, Issue 3, Page 574-601, July 2022.
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  12.  15
    Logic, Probability and Science.Niall Shanks & Robert B. Gardner (eds.) - 2000 - Atlanta: Rodopi.
    Otdvio Bueno, Empiricism, Mathematical Truth and Mathematical Knowledge 219 Commentary by Chuang Liu. Reply by Bueno. Chuang Liu, Coins and Electrons: A ...
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  13.  34
    Quantum Probability — Quantum Logic.Itamar Pitowsky - 2014 - Springer.
    This book compares various approaches to the interpretation of quantum mechanics, in particular those which are related to the key words "the Copenhagen interpretation", "the antirealist view", "quantum logic" and "hidden variable theory". Using the concept of "correlation" carefully analyzed in the context of classical probability and in quantum theory, the author provides a framework to compare these approaches. He also develops an extension of probability theory to construct a local hidden variable theory. The book should be of (...)
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  14. Probability logic, logical probability, and inductive support.Isaac Levi - 2010 - Synthese 172 (1):97-118.
    This paper seeks to defend the following conclusions: The program advanced by Carnap and other necessarians for probability logic has little to recommend it except for one important point. Credal probability judgments ought to be adapted to changes in evidence or states of full belief in a principled manner in conformity with the inquirer’s confirmational commitments—except when the inquirer has good reason to modify his or her confirmational commitment. Probability logic ought to spell out the constraints on (...)
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  15. Neutrosophic overset, neutrosophic underset, and neutrosophic offset: similarly for neutrosophic over-/under-/off-logic, probability, and statistics.Florentin Smarandache - 2016 - Brussels:
    Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and -Logic were defined for the first time by Smarandache in 1995 and published in 2007. They are totally different from other sets/logics/probabilities. He extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is > 1}, Neutrosophic Underset {when some neutrosophic component is < 0}, and to Neutrosophic Offset {when some neutrosophic components are off the interval [0, 1], i.e. some neutrosophic component > 1 and other neutrosophic component < 0}. This is no surprise with (...)
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  16. Must the logical probability of laws be zero?C. Howson - 1973 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 24 (2):153-163.
  17.  39
    Carnap’s Logical Probability and Free Will Dilemma.Paweł Pruski - 2022 - Open Journal of Philosophy 12 (1):133-145.
    Pondering the question of free will in the context of probability allows us to take a fresh look at a number of old problems. We are able to avoid deterministic entrapments and attempt to look at free will as an outcome of the entire decision-making system. In my paper, I will argue that free will should be considered in the context of a complex system of decisions, not individual cases. The proposed system will be probabilistic in character, so it (...)
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  18.  57
    The structure of logical probabilities.Jens Erik Fenstad - 1968 - Synthese 18 (1):1 - 23.
  19.  38
    Łukasiewicz's Logical Probability and a Puzzle about Conditionalization.Tomasz Placek - 1998 - In Katarzyna Kijania-Placek & Jan Woleński, The Lvov-Warsaw school and contemporary philosophy. Dordrecht and Boston, MA, USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 337--340.
  20. Philippe Mongin.Nonaddittve Probability - 1994 - In Dag Prawitz & Dag Westerståhl, Logic and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala: Papers From the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 49.
     
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  21. Is the theory of logical probability groundless?D. C. Stove - 2010 - In Antony Eagle, Philosophy of Probability: Contemporary Readings. New York:
     
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  22. (1 other version)Logical foundations of probability.Rudolf Carnap - 1950 - Chicago]: Chicago University of Chicago Press.
    APA PsycNET abstract: This is the first volume of a two-volume work on Probability and Induction. Because the writer holds that probability logic is identical with inductive logic, this work is devoted to philosophical problems concerning the nature of probability and inductive reasoning. The author rejects a statistical frequency basis for probability in favor of a logical relation between two statements or propositions. Probability "is the degree of confirmation of a hypothesis (or conclusion) on (...)
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  23.  17
    The development of logical probability.Colin Howson - 1976 - In R. S. Cohen, P. K. Feyerabend & M. Wartofsky, Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos. Reidel. pp. 277--298.
  24.  60
    A logical and algebraic treatment of conditional probability.Tommaso Flaminio & Franco Montagna - 2005 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 44 (2):245-262.
    Abstract.This paper is devoted to a logical and algebraic treatment of conditional probability. The main ideas are the use of non-standard probabilities and of some kind of standard part function in order to deal with the case where the conditioning event has probability zero, and the use of a many-valued modal logic in order to deal probability of an event φ as the truth value of the sentence φ is probable, along the lines of Hájek’s book (...)
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  25.  61
    Studies in logic and probability.George Boole - 1952 - Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications.
    Appropriate for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, this volume includes a variety of Boole's writings on logical subjects, along with papers on related questions of probability. His earlier work, The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, appears here, together with an account of the notes Boole made on his own interleaved copy. In addition, the appendices contain relevant papers by contemporaries with whom the author engaged in discussion, making it possible to trace interesting developments in Boolean reasoning-particularly in regard to (...)
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  26.  49
    Inductive Logic as Explication: The Evolution of Carnap’s Notion of Logical Probability.Marta Sznajder - 2018 - The Monist 101 (4):417-440.
    According to a popular interpretation, Carnap’s interpretation of probability had evolved from a logical towards a subjective conception. However Carnap himself insisted that his basic philosophical view of probability was always the same. I address this apparent clash between Carnap's self-identification and the subsequent interpretations of his work. Following its original intentions, I reconstruct inductive logic as an explication. The emerging picture is of a versatile linguistic framework, whose main function is not the discovery of objective (...) relations in the object language, but the stipulation of conceptual possibilities. Within this representation, I map out the changes that the project went through. Seen from such an explication-based perspective, inductive logic becomes quite hard to categorize using the standard labels. (shrink)
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  27. The logic of conditionals: an application of probability to deductive logic.Ernest Wilcox Adams - 1996 - Boston: D. Reidel Pub. Co..
    THE INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL. A PROBABILISTIC CRITERION OF SOUNDNESS FOR DEDUCTIVE INFERENCES Our objective in this section is to establish a prima facie case ...
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  28.  25
    The birth of the English common law ed. R.C. Van Caenegem . Clarendon Library of Logic & Probability, xvii + 160 pp., £27.50/$39.50 cloth; £9.50/$13.95 paper. [REVIEW]David Jabbari - 1990 - History of European Ideas 12 (4):555-556.
  29. The Logic of Conditionals: An Application of Probability to Deductive Logic.Ernest W. Adams - 1978 - Mind 87 (348):619-623.
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  30. Probability logic.Niki Pfeifer - 2021 - In Markus Knauff & Wolfgang Spohn, The Handbook of Rationality. London: MIT Press.
    This chapter presents probability logic as a rationality framework for human reasoning under uncertainty. Selected formal-normative aspects of probability logic are discussed in the light of experimental evidence. Specifically, probability logic is characterized as a generalization of bivalent truth-functional propositional logic (short “logic”), as being connexive, and as being nonmonotonic. The chapter discusses selected argument forms and associated uncertainty propagation rules. Throughout the chapter, the descriptive validity of probability logic is compared to logic, which was used (...)
     
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  31.  15
    Probability Theory and Probability Logic.Peter Roeper & Hugues Leblanc - 1999 - University of Toronto Press.
    As a survey of many technical results in probability theory and probability logic, this monograph by two widely respected scholars offers a valuable compendium of the principal aspects of the formal study of probability. Hugues Leblanc and Peter Roeper explore probability functions appropriate for propositional, quantificational, intuitionistic, and infinitary logic and investigate the connections among probability functions, semantics, and logical consequence. They offer a systematic justification of constraints for various types of probability functions, (...)
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  32. ``Probability and the Logic of Conditionals".Ernest Adams - 1967 - In Jaakko Hintikka, Aspects of inductive logic. Amsterdam,: North Holland Pub. Co.. pp. 165-316.
  33. Inference in conditional probability logic.Niki Pfeifer & Gernot Kleiter - 2006 - Kybernetika 42 (2):391--404.
    An important field of probability logic is the investigation of inference rules that propagate point probabilities or, more generally, interval probabilities from premises to conclusions. Conditional probability logic (CPL) interprets the common sense expressions of the form “if . . . , then . . . ” by conditional probabilities and not by the probability of the material implication. An inference rule is probabilistically informative if the coherent probability interval of its conclusion is not necessarily equal (...)
     
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  34. Probability, logic, and probability logic.Alan Hójek - 2001 - In Lou Goble, The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 362--384.
    Probability logic’ might seem like an oxymoron. Logic traditionally concerns matters immutable, necessary and certain, while probability concerns the uncertain, the random, the capricious. Yet our subject has a distinguished pedigree. Ramsey begins his classic “Truth and Probability” with the words: “In this essay the Theory of Probability is taken as a branch of logic. … “speaks of “the logic of the probable.” And more recently, regards probabilities as estimates of truth values, and thus probability (...)
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  35.  11
    Wittgenstein, Probability and Supraclassical Logics.Matteo Bizzarri - forthcoming - History and Philosophy of Logic:1-15.
    In his Tractatus, Wittgenstein proposed a method for calculating probability using truth tables, which served as inspiration for Carnap and Ramsey's work on probability. Despite this, Wittgenstein's idea was not widely considered in the literature. This method involves comparing two propositions, where the first is considered only in true instances, while the other is analyzed only when the first is true. This approach is not dissimilar from Makinson's supraclassical logic, despite the use of different methods. The aim of (...)
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  36. Probability, Evidential Support, and the Logic of Conditionals.Vincenzo Crupi & Andrea Iacona - 2021 - Argumenta 6:211-222.
    Once upon a time, some thought that indicative conditionals could be effectively analyzed as material conditionals. Later on, an alternative theoretical construct has prevailed and received wide acceptance, namely, the conditional probability of the consequent given the antecedent. Partly following critical remarks recently ap- peared in the literature, we suggest that evidential support—rather than conditional probability alone—is key to understand indicative conditionals. There have been motivated concerns that a theory of evidential conditionals (unlike their more tra- ditional counterparts) (...)
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  37.  27
    (1 other version)The logic of Bayesian probability.Colin Howson - 2001 - In David Corfield & Jon Williamson, Foundations of Bayesianism. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 137-160.
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  38. A Logical Introduction to Probability and Induction.Franz Huber - 2018 - Oxford, England:
    A Logical Introduction to Probability and Induction starts with elementary logic and uses it as basis for a philosophical discussion of probability and induction. Throughout the book results are carefully proved using the inference rules introduced at the beginning. The textbook is suitable for undergraduate courses in philosophy and logic.
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  39.  24
    Probability, logic and the cognitive foundations of rational belief.John Fox - 2003 - Journal of Applied Logic 1 (3-4):197-224.
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  40.  84
    A rule of acceptance based on logical probability.Halina Mortimer - 1973 - Synthese 26 (2):259 - 263.
  41. Logic, Geometry And Probability Theory.Federico Holik - 2013 - SOP Transactions On Theoretical Physics 1:128 - 137.
    We discuss the relationship between logic, geometry and probability theory under the light of a novel approach to quantum probabilities which generalizes the method developed by R. T. Cox to the quantum logical approach to physical theories.
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  42. Probability and the Logic of de Finetti's Trievents.Alberto Mura - 2009 - In Maria Carla Galavotti, Bruno de Finetti, Radical Probabilist. College Publications. pp. 201--242.
    Today philosophical discussion on indicative conditionals is dominated by the so called Lewis Triviality Results, according to which, tehere is no binary connective '-->' (let alone truth-functional) such that the probability of p --> q equals the probability of q conditionally on p, so that P(p --> q)= P(q|p). This tenet, that suggests that conditonals lack truth-values, has been challenged in 1991 by Goodman et al. who show that using a suitable three-valued logic the above equation may be (...)
     
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  43. Probability logic of finitely additive beliefs.Chunlai Zhou - 2010 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 19 (3):247-282.
    Probability logics have been an active topic of investigation of beliefs in type spaces in game theoretical economics. Beliefs are expressed as subjective probability measures. Savage’s postulates in decision theory imply that subjective probability measures are not necessarily countably additive but finitely additive. In this paper, we formulate a probability logic Σ + that is strongly complete with respect to this class of type spaces with finitely additive probability measures, i.e. a set of formulas is (...)
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  44.  33
    Probability and inductive logic.Henry Ely Kyburg - 1970 - [New York]: Macmillan.
  45.  32
    Probability and Inductive Logic. [REVIEW]R. H. K. - 1971 - Review of Metaphysics 24 (4):748-748.
    For a helpful presentation of the various views on probability and inductive logic as well as a thorough survey of the present literature on these topics, one could hardly do better than this work. Kyburg presents, in separate chapters, classical, frequency, logical, subjectivist and epistemological theories of probability, referring to major classical and contemporary works where each of these views is defended. He presents the common criticisms of each view as well as some criticisms of his own (...)
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  46. Logic and probability.Ruzsa Imre - 1971 - In László Erdei, Aufsätze über Logik. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
     
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  47. Probability and Inductive Logic.Antony Eagle - 2025 - Cambridge:
    Reasoning from inconclusive evidence, or 'induction', is central to science and any applications we make of it. For that reason alone it demands the attention of philosophers of science. This element explores the prospects of using probability theory to provide an inductive logic: a framework for representing evidential support. Constraints on the ideal evaluation of hypotheses suggest that the overall standing of a hypothesis is represented by its probability in light of the total evidence, and incremental support, or (...)
  48. An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic.Ian Hacking - 2001 - New York:
    This is an introductory 2001 textbook on probability and induction written by one of the world's foremost philosophers of science. The book has been designed to offer maximal accessibility to the widest range of students and assumes no formal training in elementary symbolic logic. It offers a comprehensive course covering all basic definitions of induction and probability, and considers such topics as decision theory, Bayesianism, frequency ideas, and the philosophical problem of induction. The key features of this book (...)
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  49.  90
    Absolute probability functions for intuitionistic propositional logic.Peter Roeper & Hugues Leblanc - 1999 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 28 (3):223-234.
    Provided here is a characterisation of absolute probability functions for intuitionistic (propositional) logic L, i.e. a set of constraints on the unary functions P from the statements of L to the reals, which insures that (i) if a statement A of L is provable in L, then P(A) = 1 for every P, L's axiomatisation being thus sound in the probabilistic sense, and (ii) if P(A) = 1 for every P, then A is provable in L, L's axiomatisation being (...)
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  50.  24
    2. Logic and Probability.Richard Johns - 2002 - In A Theory of Physical Probability. University of Toronto Press. pp. 9-52.
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