Engineering

Communities of nuclear workers have evolved in distinctive contexts. During the Manhattan Project the UK, USA and Canada collectively developed the first reactors, isotope separation plants and atomic bombs and, in the process, nurtured distinct cadres of specialist workers. Their later workplaces were often inherited from wartime facilities, or built anew at isolated locations. For a decade, nuclear specialists were segregated and cossetted to gestate practical expertise. At Oak Ridge Tennessee, for example, the informal ‘Clinch College of Nuclear Knowledge’ aimed (...) to industrialise the use of radioactive materials. ‘We were like children in a toy factory’, said its Director: ‘everyone could play the game of designing new nuclear power piles’. His counterpart at Chalk River, Ontario headed a project ‘completely Canadian in every respect’, while the head of the British project chose the remote Dounreay site in northern Scotland because of design uncertainties in the experimental breeder reactor. With the decline of secrecy during the mid-1950s, the hidden specialists lauded as ‘atomic scientists’ gradually became visible as new breeds of engineers, technologists and technicians responsible for nuclear reactors and power plants. Mutated by their different political contexts, occupational categories, labour affiliations, professional representations and popular depictions, their activities were disputed by distinct audiences. This chapter examines the changing identities of nuclear specialists and the significance of their secure sites. Shaped successively by Cold War secrecy, commercial competition and terrorist threats, nuclear energy remained out of site for wider publics and most nuclear specialists alike. The distinctive episodes reveal the changing working experiences of technical workers in late-twentieth and early twenty-first century environments. (shrink)

This paper explores how generative AI technologies like ChatGPT and Gemini are reshaping knowledge production and dissemination. While AI offers democratized access to information, it also disrupts traditional norms of intellectual authority and epistemic rigor. Drawing on the role of the rejection mechanism in scholarly publishing, the essay argues that AI lacks critical filtering mechanisms, risking the amplification of bias, misinformation, and oversimplified narratives. It advocates for robust validation frameworks and intellectual humility in both human and machine learning processes. Ultimately, (...) it calls for careful reflection on AI’s epistemic limits and its role within evolving knowledge ecosystems. (shrink)

Tháng đầu năm 2024 chứng kiến mức tăng rất đáng kể số lượt download chương trình máy tính bayesvl của AISDL chạy trên R và Stan. Đồ thị của RDocumentation (CRAN) dưới đây cho thấy hình ảnh bước nhảy khi có dữ liệu của tháng 1-2024.

Trước những lo ngại về khí hậu toàn cầu ngày càng gia tăng, các quốc gia trên thế giới đã ký kết thỏa thuận toàn cầu nhằm thể hiện sự cam kết mạnh mẽ để chung tay tìm kiếm các giải pháp sáng tạo để giảm thiểu phát thải khí nhà kính và tác động của nó đối với môi trường. Việt Nam là một trong những thành viên tích cực tham gia và có trách nhiệm, nhưng đồng thời cũng (...) là một nước bị ảnh hưởng nặng nề nhất của biến đổi khí hậu. Nhận thấy sự cần thiết phải giải quyết vấn đề biến đổi khí hậu, Việt Nam đang triển khai nghiên cứu việc thành lập thị trường các-bon trong nước, trong đó việc xây dựng và vận hành một hệ thống lưu ký các-bon được coi là một trụ cột quan trọng, trên cơ sở học hỏi kinh nghiệm từ các mô hình trên thế giới. Bài viết này đi sâu vào việc phân tích, đánh giá điều kiện, bối cảnh của Việt Nam và rút ra bài học kinh nghiệm từ các hệ thống lưu ký trên thế giới để đề xuất các giải pháp xây dựng một hệ thống lưu ký các- bon hiệu quả cho Việt Nam. (shrink)

It is argued that logic, and in particular mathematical logic, should play a key role in the undergraduate curriculum for students in the computing fields, which include electrical engineering (EE), computer engineering (CE), and computer science (CS). This is based on 1) the history of the field of computing and its close ties with logic, 2) empirical results showing that students with better logical thinking skills perform better in tasks such as programming and mathematics, and 3) the skills students are (...) expected to have in the job market. Further, the authors believe teaching logic to students explicitly will improve student retention, especially involving underrepresented minorities in STEM, whose rate of attrition is higher than for non-minority students. Though this work focuses specifically on the computing fields, these results demonstrate the importance of logic education to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) as a whole. (shrink)

Scotland's North Sea offshore oil-drilling-fields have long been stereotyped as sites reinforcing and reproducing unique forms of masculinities aligning with hegemonic masculinity (HM) descriptors: stoicism, competition, and conflict. Oilfields encompass near-all-male workplaces, requiring labour in difficult conditions, distancing from friends, family, and home life. Emerging research in oilfields has begun to resist the HM-stereotype in favour of complex understandings of masculinities, labour-and-identity performances. This work details findings from a lengthy ‘embedded’ ethnography of the UK Offshore Oilfield. Specifically, highlighting and discussing (...) men's metaphorical ‘mask wearing’ practices: the process by which oilmen engaged in complex performances of masculinities that resist HM yet retained overt components of stoicism; a key HM-descriptor. This ‘masked’ stoicism was presented and performed in unique ways that bridged genuine and non-genuine performances of oilfield masculine identities and interconnected with resistances against risk-taking and supports for safety. Goffman's dramaturgical perspective is applied to deepen and interrogate findings. Salient implications for oilmen's wellbeing, masculinities theory and future study are put forward. (shrink)

Trong khi các đô thị không ngừng mở rộng để phục vụ nhu cầu phát triển của con người, sự gia tăng các bề mặt nhân tạo như bê tông và nhựa đường đang khiến môi trường sống tự nhiên ngày càng bị thu hẹp. Một nghiên cứu mới đây của Corsini và Szulkin (2025) đã chỉ ra rằng hiện tượng “bê tông hóa” (concretization) này đang ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến khả năng sinh sản của hai loài chim quen (...) thuộc ở châu Âu: chim sẻ ngô lớn (Parus major) và chim sẻ ngô xanh (Cyanistes caeruleus). (shrink)

Các đô thị ngày càng phải đối mặt với những thách thức chồng chất do sự gia tăng dân số, khí thải từ giao thông và biến đổi khí hậu.

Giữa bối cảnh nhiệt độ toàn cầu tăng cao và những lời kêu gọi mạnh mẽ hơn để giảm phát thải carbon cho các ngành công nghiệp nặng,.

Khi cộng đồng toàn cầu tăng cường nỗ lực giải quyết sự suy thoái môi trường, ngành xây dựng nổi lên như một tác nhân gây hại sinh thái đáng kể -.

Khi số lượng vệ tinh quay quanh Trái Đất ngày càng tăng, nguy cơ va chạm cũng tăng theo - tạo ra các mảnh vỡ nguy hiểm đe dọa sự bền vững lâu dài của không gian bên ngoài.

Đèn phát quang perovskite (Perovskite light-emitting diodes – PeLEDs) đang nổi lên như một ứng viên đầy tiềm năng cho thế hệcông nghệ chiếu sáng và hiển thị tiếp theo...

Clean, reliable energy is fundamental to both human development and climate action. Yet over 600 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa remain without electricity—among them, 97% of refugees lack access to grid power.

PSS kết hợp sản phẩm và dịch vụ trong một gói duy nhất, cho phép các hoạt động như tái sử dụng, sửa chữa và tái sản xuất diễn ra.

Một nghiên cứu mới của McNeil và cộng sự, được công bố trên Nature Sustainability, đã đánh giá tác động đến sức khỏe vàcông bằng xã hội ở cấp quốc gia từ việc điện khí hóa xe tải hạng nặng tại Hoa Kỳ.

The fusion of Large Language Models (LLMs) and robotic systems has led to a transformative paradigm in the robotic field, offering unparalleled capabilities not only in the communication domain but also in skills like multimodal input handling, high-level reasoning, and plan generation. The grounding of LLMs knowledge into the empirical world has been considered a crucial pathway to exploit the efficiency of LLMs in robotics. Nevertheless, connecting LLMs’ representations to the external world with multimodal approaches or with robots’ bodies is (...) not enough to let them understand the meaning of the language they are manipulating. Taking inspiration from humans, this work draws attention to three necessary elements for an agent to grasp and experience the world. The roadmap for LLMs grounding is envisaged in an active bodily system as the reference point for experiencing the environment, a temporally structured experience for a coherent, self-related interaction with the external world, and social skills to acquire a common-grounded shared experience. (shrink)

Heavy-duty non-road mobile machinery (NRMM)—including forest harvesters, bulldozers, and agricultural tractors—are significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for approximately 9% of Finland’s emissions within the Effort Sharing Sector (ESS). As global climate targets, such as the European Union’s commitment to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, come into sharper focus, the need to decarbonize these essential industrial machines has become increasingly urgent.

Công nghệ COPS mang lại một số ưu điểm đáng kể.

As climate change accelerates, solar geoengineering (SG)—the deliberate reflection of sunlight to cool the Earth—has emerged as a contentious but increasingly discussed climate intervention.

The rise of generative AI technologies such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini has profoundly transformed how we access and interact with knowledge. These tools synthesize vast datasets to deliver instant, personalized responses to user queries, often mimicking human-like communication. Yet, this transformation invites critical reflection on the authorship, ownership, and reliability of AI-mediated knowledge.

Hydrogen xanh, được tạo ra thông qua quá trình điện phân nước sử dụng điện tái tạo, mở ra một con đường đầy hứa hẹn hướng tới một tương lai bền vững.

Windows in buildings impact energy usage for temperature control through solar heat gain and enable natural light to reduce reliance on artificial lighting. Balancing solar heat gain and daylight utilization is a challenge, which can be addressed by employing automated or manual blind systems to manage daylight and enhance user comfort and energy efficiency. Additionally, accurate weather forecasts are essential for predicting energy-efficient strategies through individual building energy simulations, as weather conditions synergistically interact with occupant behavior to influence energy consumption (...) patterns. This research aims to assess the energy consumption associated with manual and automated internal window blinds in medium-sized office buildings situated within two distinct and significant climate zones in the United States, considering both present and future climate change scenarios based on the IPCC report (RCP 4.5 - 8.5). Employing a simulation-based methodology, the study unveiled varying effectiveness levels of diverse window blind configurations contingent on the specific climate zones (e.g., 4A Mixed-Humid, 2B Hot-Dry). In different climate zones, on-site energy consumption alterations for heating and cooling become evident as temperatures escalate in the forthcoming years. Using simulation as the method and comparing RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios reveals that automated blinds—a more efficient choice than manual blinds—significantly reduces cooling energy consumption, particularly under RCP 8.5 in a 4A Mixed-Humid zone. Rising temperatures in Climate Zone 2B Hot-Dry are a factor in increased energy requirements for cooling and decreased energy requirements for heating due to climate change. This study provides enlightening insights into the potential benefits of diverse window-covering strategies concerning energy conservation within varied climatic contexts for the future. (shrink)

Aquaculture—the farming of fish, shrimp, and other aquatic organisms—now accounts for nearly half of the world’s seafood supply, with countries such as China at the forefront. As the industry expands, so does the need for aquafeed, which is not only nutritious and cost-effective but also environmentally sustainable. At the heart of modern aquaculture’s success lies extrusion technology—an advanced method for producing high-performance aquatic feed.

This study deals with the protection of intellectual property rights in French and Iraqi civil law. This is because the literary and life creativity in Iraq is declining, it is difficult to invest money in new things, and the number of people who comply with the artificial laws made since 2003 is increasing, and secondly, another reason, people's ignorance of the existing laws in Iraq. Iraq, so it is necessary. In each legislation, legal mechanisms are used to promote media and (...) life publishing and help people make money in the process of inventing literary and life works, which can be achieved by granting them a series of intellectual property rights that represent different privileges. From the fundamental rights of people, which are psychologically and morally valid at one or more points in time. This leads us to delve deeper into these rights, which have been incorporated into civil subjects since the creation of some of them through exchanges between authors and publishers or those who own innovative objects. This returns to the ownership model of the target company. In this way, we will mainly discuss the issue of intellectual property rights and carefully discuss the specific rights divided between the French Civil Code and the Civil Code, and then turn our attention to the two themes of law and incentives. The Civil Code collapses. This consists of comparing the independence of intellectual property rights, mainly regulated by French and Iraqi civil laws, and secondly with some provisions of the model. (shrink)

Purpose: Due to the increase in energy demand and the effects of global warming, energy-efficient buildings have gained significant importance in the modern construction industry. To create a suitable framework with the aim of reducing energy consumption in the building sector, the external walls of a residential building were considered with two criteria of global warming potential and energy consumption. -/- Design/methodology/approach: In the first stage, to achieve a nearly zero-energy building, energy analysis was performed for 37 different states of (...) thermal insulation. Then, the insulation materials’ life cycle assessment was performed. These results were used to find a set of optimal modes in the Pareto front by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II multi-objective genetic algorithm. Thus, based on the data obtained from this method, it was possible to compare and choose different thermal insulation materials based on the distance from the Pareto front, reducing the environmental effects. -/- Findings: The results showed that replacing the windows was possible to save 3.24% in energy consumption. Also, selecting the proper insulation reduced energy consumption value by 63.13%. Finally, this building can save 69.31% of energy consumption compared to the base building by following the zero-energy building standard. As a result, the Pareto curve was introduced as a guide for the optimal design of the building’s wall insulation. -/- Originality/value: The proposed method provides designers with a framework for latent carbon analysis to access quickly and select optimal scenarios. It can also be used without restrictions for other decisions with different goals and criteria. (shrink)

According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), buildings are the largest worldwide consumers of energy. Most of the energy used by any building is consumed during the usage (or operational) stage of the building’s life-cycle. Achieving sustainable development at the national level will require minimizing the effects of buildings on the environment with the low energy consumed by buildings. The energy performance of a given building is predicted and assessed by conducting an energy simulation. Using BIM in EPAs greatly (...) reduces time and costs. The purpose of this study was to optimize energy consumption in buildings, using Building Information Modeling Technology (BIM), which can assess energy performance in the building. In this research, the general form of the building was modeled in the Autodesk Revit Software. After reviewing the proposed designs, the main form of the building was selected for modeling. Then, according to the type of materials consumed, the equipment and location of the project, the calculation of the energy consumption of the building was carried out using relevant tools in this scope. Finally, the best possible mode was chosen by examining different energy consumption modes. The results of energy simulation showed that 61.48% of the difference between the best mode of energy consumption optimization and the current state of the building, as well as 79.35%, is compared to the initial state. Finally, parametric studies of alternative cost optimization schemes showed that saving 58.23% of the building's current status for a 30-year horizon. (shrink)

In the 21st century, transparency and efficiency in municipal management are essential. This study focusses on the GAD Municipal of Latacunga, Ecuador, assessing inefficiency in the Office of Valuation and Cadastres, proposing the use of AI to improve governance. The research reveals deficiencies in digitalization and transparency, identifying the need for effective mechanisms to optimize public services. AI is presented as a potential solution to automate tasks, detect irregularities, and increase administrative efficiency. This analysis, based on regional and local data, (...) highlights the potential of AI to transform public administration and strengthening citizen trust. (shrink)

Today, the space industry is undergoing a period of significant technological advancement. Continuous progress in additive manufacturing technologies and the adoption of modern materials for 3D printing are driving this transformation. This trend has intensified competition among various space companies—both state-owned and private—each striving to introduce innovative and unique solutions. FlightControl Propulsion, a private space company in Ukraine, is one such example. This study focuses on the design of the power frame for a low-thrust liquid rocket engine. Power frames in (...) rocket engines must withstand significant mechanical loads. The application of topology optimization and high-strength steels enables the development of compact and efficient power frames that are substantially lighter than traditional designs. Additive manufacturing not only significantly reduces the production time of various parts and assemblies but also offers nearly unlimited possibilities for creating complex geometric shapes. What was previously challenging or even impossible to manufacture using conventional methods has now become feasible. This work examines a component fabricated using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology. A structured algorithm for topology optimization is described, along with the fundamental principle of the SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) topology optimization method. Numerical modeling of the stress-strain state for the initial design variant is performed using the finite element method (FEM) in a computer-aided engineering (CAE) environment. A computational finite element mesh is generated, and the safety margins of the design are evaluated. Following topology optimization, the final design variant is determined, and numerical modeling of the stress-strain state is repeated for the optimized design. The final design is then prepared for manufacturing and subsequent experimental testing. (shrink)

High-manganese steel is characterized by a stable austenitic structure over a wide temperature range and the ability to strengthen during mechanical deformation. However, factors such as unstable mechanical properties in the initial state, susceptibility to thermal embrittlement, and poor machinability hinder its widespread use. This study investigates the effect of temperature-time parameters on the structure and properties of 9Г28Ю9МВБ steel. It was found that during slow cooling from temperatures of hot deformation, a large number of coarse phase particles of gray-blue (...) color are precipitated in the steel, leading to a sharp decrease in impact toughness. It has been established that in the temperature range of 500-800 °C, the decomposition of the solid solution occurs with the precipitation of particles of the strengthening K-phase - (Fe,Mn)3AL,Cx. Simultaneous decrease in hardness and impact toughness in the temperature range of 750-950 °C contributes significantly to improved machinability. The lowest values of mechanical properties are achieved during aging at 700 °C, with the maximum improvement in machinability compared to other aging temperatures. For example, with an increase in the temperature of isothermal holding at 650 °C for 35 hours, the machinability improves by almost 1.7 times, and at the same duration at 700 °C - by 2.4 times. With an increase in the holding temperature to 950 °C for 35 hours, the machinability of the steel increases only by 1.6 times, which is due to less intensive decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution. Studies of the effect of annealing temperature on the uniformity of austenitic steel allowed to develop a heat treatment regimen for 9Г28Ю9МВБ austenitic steel, which includes heating to 1250°C, holding for 2 hours at this temperature, and subsequent cooling in water to fix a homogeneous supersaturated solid solution. After such heat treatment, the stripe-like microchemical inhomogeneity is significantly reduced, and the anisotropy coefficient does not exceed 1.1 units for all types of steel products. (shrink)

« Les récits entendus pendant la Commission Charbonneau ont mis en lumière les manquements éthiques dans le monde de l’ingénierie, ce qui a eu l’effet d’une bombe au Québec. Certains témoignages ont aussi révélé des défaillances au sein des institutions, comme l’Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec. Dix ans après la publication du rapport de la Commission, sommes-nous à l’abri d’une nouvelle crise éthique? Comment repenser notre lien à l’éthique au sein de cette profession? L’éthique et le génie québécois poursuit deux (...) grands objectifs. D’abord, il expose en quoi les institutions québécoises du génie peuvent, et doivent, être perfectionnées au fil du temps. De l’évolution du statut juridique d’ingénieur jusqu’à la gestion de crises, en passant par la promotion de certains idéaux, ces institutions doivent entretenir une quête constante d’excellence. Ensuite, cet ouvrage explique en quoi la délibération éthique, et son caractère moral, est en partie affectée par l’état des institutions du génie. En effet, celles qui sont en piètre état peuvent être une source de conflits éthiques pour les professionnels et professionnelles. Ces conflits sont illustrés avec différentes études de cas, portant notamment sur les loyautés multiples, la corruption grise et la protection de l’environnement. Chaque chapitre propose des questions complémentaires permettant au lecteur de poursuivre ses réflexions sur les sujets abordés. Bien que cet ouvrage ait d’abord été pensé pour les étudiants et étudiantes en génie au Québec, il intéressera aussi les membres des ordres professionnels ou toute personne qui étudie l’histoire et l’amélioration des institutions québécoises. »--Quatrième de couverture. (shrink)

The spatial-ecological modeling is relating sustainable dispersions with social development. Sustainability with spatial-ecological model gives attention to urban environments in the design review management to comply with Earth’s system. Naturally exchanged patterns of ecosystems have consistent and periodic cycles to preserve energy flows and materials in Earth’s system. The Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) technique is utilized to assess the safety of an industrial complex. The other analytical approach is the Failure-Safe Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for critical components. The plant (...) safety parameters are identified for engineering topology as employed in assessment safety of industrial ecology. In particular, the most severe accidental release of hazardous gaseous is postulated, analyzed and assessment in industrial region. The IAEA-safety assessment procedure is used to account the duration and rate of discharge of liquid chlorine. The ecological model of plume dispersion width and concentration of chlorine gas in the downwind direction is determined using Gaussian Plume Model in urban and rural areas and presented with SURFER®. The prediction of accident consequences is traced in risk contour concentration lines. The local greenhouse effect is predicted with relevant conclusions. The spatial-ecological model is predicted for multiple factors distribution schemes of multi-criteria analysis. The input–output analysis is explored from the spillover effect, and we conducted Monte Carlo simulations for sensitivity analysis. Their unique structure is balanced within “equilibrium patterns”, such as the composite index for biosphere with collective structure of many distributed feedback flows. These dynamic structures are related to have their physical and chemical properties and enable a gradual and prolonged incremental pattern. While this spatial model structure argues from ecology, resource savings, static load design, financial and other pragmatic reasons, the outcomes are not decisive in an artistic/architectural perspective. The hypothesis is deployed to unify analytic and analogical spatial structure in development urban environments using optimization loads as an example of integrated industrial structure where the process is based on engineering topology of systems ecology. (shrink)

The present paper examines the possibility of a smart grid to the nearest destinations in the Milky Way, incorporating research data of astrobiology, biosignatures, habitability criteria, proposals for terraforming terrestrial planets, and innovations in interplanetary robotic exploration, energy production and spacecraft motion. We focus on the dynamics of modelling and experimentation, with projects such as interstellar chemical engineering, bio-manufacturing, space sails, fusion, ion thrusters and antimatter propulsion, into the surrounding environments ranging from Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud to Proxima and (...) Alpha Centauri. The research task is the experimental modelling of current real-world situations in alignment with the past, the present and the future of space exploration. (shrink)

Trong bối cảnh các hoạt động kinh tế và xã hội ngày càng được kết nối tốt hơn thông qua IoT, và sắp tới đây là tiềm năng tích hợp AI vào hầu như mọi mặt của đời sống ở cả thế giới thực và thế giới ảo, thì không chỉ cá nhân, mà cả doanh nghiệp và quốc gia cũng sẽ phải đối mặt với các thách thức chưa từng có tiền lệ đối với rủi ro về an ninh (...) thông tin... (shrink)

Через нестабільне зовнішнє середовище Україна опинилась у глибокій енергетичній кризі, наслідком якої є зростання вартості енергетичних ресурсів і кінцевої продукції промислових підприємств. Це спричинило зміну загальної стратегії управління, а також розширення структури стратегічного потенціалу. Зростаючі витрати на енергію впливають на ефективність бізнесу. Виникає необхідність впровадження ощадливого виробництва через виявлення необґрунтованих втрат енергії на промислових об’єктах. Водночас потрібно враховувати особливості технологічних процесів і виробництв. Втілити це допоможе енергетичний аудит і впровадження системи енергетичного менеджменту. Управління енергетичними ресурсами відповідно до стратегічних цілей підприємства (...) сприятиме зменшенню витрат на енергію з одночасним досягненням екологічних, соціальних і корпоративних цілей управління. Метою цього дослідження є визначення особливостей промислових об’єктів, енергетичних потоків та специфіки проведення енергетичного аудиту на підприємствах легкої промисловості. З’ясовано, що особливістю цих підприємств є те, що капітальні споруди було збудовано переважно у 1940–1980-х роках. Підприємства є різноплановими за конструктивними рішеннями та енергетичними параметрами. Найбільш енерговитратним є виробництво шкіри. Згідно з результатами дослідження, частина підприємств легкої промисловості, які належать до різних підгалузей, мають незадовільний стан будівель і виробництва з високим споживанням та втратами енергії. Надано такі рекомендації для зниження витрат на енергоносії та підвищення енергетичного потенціалу підприємства: своєчасно проводити енергетичний аудит, використовувати альтернативні джерела енергії та впроваджувати концепцію Smart Grid. Це дасть змогу оптимізувати загальні витрати, знизити собівартість кінцевої продукції та посилити стратегічні позиції на ринку через зниження залежності від енергетичних ресурсів. (shrink)

Purpose. The article aims to provide practical recommendations for calculating natural frequencies in axisymmetric shells using finite element methods. It focuses on the need to develop a simplified model that can be used in any modern finite element software package. The study analyzes the impact of the simplified homogeneous model on the deviation and error of natural frequencies compared to real structures. Design / Method / Approach. The research is based on creating a simplified shell geometry by determining parameters such (...) as shell thickness and density. These parameters are derived under the condition of equivalence in the moment of inertia and mass of the cross-sectional element. These parameters can vary along the height of the shell. Findings. The natural frequencies of the experimental shell with complex geometry were calculated and compared with those of the simplified model. The deviations and errors in the calculated frequencies were determined. It was demonstrated that the simplified model allows the calculation of natural frequencies with a deviation of no more than 1% from the experimental model, while significantly reducing computation time and the required computer resources. Theoretical Implications. The research expands the understanding of challenges in calculating the natural frequencies of complex objects using finite element methods under limited computational resources. Practical Implications. Practical recommendations are provided for engineers and designers when performing modeling tasks in the mechanics of deformable solid bodies. Originality / Value. The article presents an original analysis of a real case where a simplified model was implemented to determine the natural harmonics of a liquid rocket engine nozzle, making it a valuable tool for studying complex structures. Research Limitations / Future Research. The study is limited to the analysis of determining the natural frequencies of axisymmetric shells and does not cover all possible geometric features. Future research may focus on developing simplified models based on the equivalence of stiffness and mass parameters. Article Type. Case study, practical article. (shrink)

Tháng 5/2019, Chương trình máy tính Bayesvl phục vụ tính toán khoa học bằng phương pháp thống kê Bayes [1] vượt qua tất cả các kiểm tra kỹ thuật của CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network) để chính thức trở thành gói phần mềm trong thư viện tiêu chuẩn của hệ thống R - một ngôn ngữ lập trình thống kê phổ biến nhất thế giới hiện nay. Hiện Chương trình máy tính Bayesvl do các nhà khoa học Việt Nam phát (...) triển đã có hơn 22 nghìn lượt tải về cài đặt. (shrink)

One branch of the responsible innovation literature involves the direction of innovation: if the public or decision-makers can or should direct innovation, how should innovation be directed? This paper explicates a case study where directionality – the plurality of plausible values for innovation – is directly implicated. In this case, a key technology may require a strategy for innovation, but there are contrasting normative reasons to drive that innovation in different ways, reflecting two distinct moral values, ‘effectiveness’ and responsiveness to (...) ‘need’. In this case, carbon dioxide removal, these values may well conflict. Strategically deploying carbon dioxide removal in a cost-effective manner would tend to support siting it in regions where there are significant oil and gas operations. In contrast, strategically deploying carbon dioxide removal in response to need would tend to support siting it in regions where expected demand for the technology is required for development. [Open access]. (shrink)

Text classification is one of the most important task in natural language processing, In this research, we carried out several experimental research on three (3) of the most popular Text classification NLP classifier in Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), and Support Vector Machine (SVN). In the presence of enough training data, Deep Learning CNN work best in all parameters for evaluation with 77% accuracy, followed by SVM with accuracy of 76%, and multinomial Bayes with least performance of (...) 69% accuracy. CNN has the best performance in the presence of large enough training dataset because of the presence of filter/ kernels which help to indentify patterns in text data regardless of their position in the sentence. -/- We repeated the training again with just one-third of our data, at this point SVM comes with the best performance, the performance of CNN noticeably drops but still better than Multinomial Naive Bayes, the reason why SVM works best when we reduce the training data was because of its ability to look for a hyper-plane that creates a boundary between different classes of data so as to properly classify them, so we believed that getting the hyper-plane was more efficient when we reduce the dataset, hence reason for the good performance. Multinomial Naive Bayes have the least performance which we attributed to its assumption of independency between the features which sometimes does not hold true. We concluded that availability of data should be an important factor when choosing classifier for Natural Language Processing Text Classification task. CNN should be use in the presence of enough dataset, and SVM should be use when data is not enough. Multinomial Naive Bayes must not be trusted with state of the art NLP task due to its assumption of independency between the features. (shrink)

Sự tiến bộ nhanh chóng của các nền tảng Công nghệ Thông tin (CNTT) và ngôn ngữ lập trình đã làm thay đổi hình thái vận động và phát triển của xã hội loài người. Không gian mạng và các tiện ích đi kèm ngày càng được mở rộng, dẫn đến sự chuyển dịch dần từ đời sống trong thế giới thực sang đời sống trong thế giới ảo (còn gọi là không gian mạng hay không gian số). Trong bối (...) cảnh các hoạt động kinh tế và xã hội ngày càng được kết nối tốt hơn thông qua IoT, và sắp tới đây là tiềm năng tích hợp AI vào hầu như mọi mặt của đời sống ở cả thế giới thực và thế giới ảo, thì không chỉ cá nhân, mà cả doanh nghiệp và quốc gia cũng sẽ phải đối mặt với các thách thức chưa từng có tiền lệ đối với rủi ro về an ninh thông tin. Sự mở rộng và phát triển của các Mô hình Xử lý Ngôn ngữ Tự nhiên (Natural Language Processing – NLP) và Mô hình Ngôn ngữ Lớn (Large Language Model – LLM) thể hiện những đặc điểm giống con người về lập luận, nhận thức, sự chú ý và sáng tạo đã giúp con người vượt qua rào cản về khả năng vận hành. Đi kèm với các tiềm năng to lớn của AI là những lỗ hổng bảo mật mới và các rủi ro về an ninh thông tin phức tạp hơn. Khi xã hội vẫn đang cố gắng chuyển mình sang giai đoạn mới để có thể thích ứng với sự biến đổi công nghệ, cuộc cách mạng AI lại tiếp tục diễn ra đòi hỏi chúng ta phải suy nghĩ lại quỹ đạo của quá trình chuyển đổi xã hội vì nó có thể làm trầm trọng hơn các rủi ro an ninh thông tin được trình bày ở trên. Cụ thể, xã hội cần tiến hóa như thế nào để có thể bắt kịp với sự biến đổi mang tính đột phá tạo ra bởi làn sóng công nghệ AI hiện nay? Làm sao để quản lý và tận dụng sức mạnh của chúng trong khi vẫn đảm bảo được an ninh thông tin khi không gian và thời gian sống trong thế giới ảo của chúng ta ngày càng tăng? Các câu hỏi này sẽ được trả lời thông qua bài viết. (shrink)

In this dissertation, I investigate the resources for Neo-Aristotelian moral philosophy to address social and ethical issues that arise in the use of technologies that rely on digital environments. The theoretical underpinnings of this dissertation represent efforts from contemporary philosophers to re-engineer the theories of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle for the present. I offer my own contribution to this tradition in the context of the ethics and philosophy of technology. I aim to answer the following question: what moral and social (...) issues arise in 21st-century digital environments that Neo-Aristotelian philosophy can address? I propose that Neo-Aristotelian philosophy, inspired by the work of Alasdair MacIntyre, is particularly well-suited to addressing the issues in digital environments that users regularly experience. This dissertation contributes to scholarship within Neo-Aristotelian ethics of technology, MacIntyrean approaches to virtue theory, and the ethics of technology more broadly. (shrink)

Objective of the study: To analyze the costs and profits of sugarcane production regarding the cultural practices of sugarcane suppliers. Methodology/approach: This study positions itself in this gap by comparatively analyzing 6 types of cultural practices: unraveling, windrowing, application of correctives, herbicides, insecticides and fertilizers, with the option of two systems Fixed rate (TF) and Variable rate (TV). Originality/Relevance: Brazil is a world reference in sugarcane production, with the State of São Paulo being the largest Brazilian producer. However, for sugarcane (...) suppliers to maintain this activity there is a need to reduce production costs and increase profitability/ha. However, there is a theoretical-practical gap in the financial assessment (costs and profits) of different cultural practices inherent to sugarcane production. Main results: The results demonstrated that the costs of cultural practices represent more than 30% of the total sugarcane production costs. The TF system proved to be more cost-efficient in the following operations: correctives, herbicides and insecticides. In the application of fertilizers, the TV system, in broadcast mode, had the best result. Finally, the profit/ton was R$1.70, demonstrating a very low profit margin/ha given the risk of the activity. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The sample for this research comprised 55 sugarcane suppliers from the State of São Paulo, whose data were obtained through a survey. The comparative analysis was based on the difference in costs of cultural practices and the estimation of the level of certainty (profit/costs), analyzed through the cumulative frequency carried out through the Monte Carlo Simulation (SMC). (shrink)

Estimating word complexity is a well-established task in computer-assisted language learning. So far, however, complexity estimation has been largely limited to comprehension. This neglects words that are easy to comprehend, but hard to produce. We introduce semantic error prediction (SEP) as a novel task that assesses the production complexity of content words. Given the corrected version of a learner-produced text, a system has to predict which content words replace tokens from the original text. We present and analyse one example of (...) such a semantic error prediction dataset, which we generate from an error correction dataset. As neural baselines, we use BERT, RoBERTa, and LLAMA2 embeddings for SEP. We show that our models can already improve downstream applications, such as predicting essay vocabulary scores. (shrink)

"Challenges and Issues of Modern Science" serve as an in-depth exploration of contemporary trends, sustainable development initiatives, and global concerns within the realm of scientific inquiry. The papers represent a collaborative effort by experts, researchers, and practitioners from various disciplines to address the multifaceted challenges facing modern science. Through in-depth analysis, empirical studies, and theoretical frameworks, the contributions in these proceedings aim to shed light on emerging trends, propose innovative solutions, and foster dialogue on critical issues shaping the future of (...) science and technology. By encapsulating the latest research findings and insights, the proceedings serve as a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and industry professionals, contributing to the advancement of knowledge and the sustainable development of our global community. Scope covers a wide range of topics and disciplines related to modern science. It includes but is not limited to Aerospace Vehicles, Engines, Energy, and Thermotechnics, Innovative Technologies in Mechanical Engineering, Structural and Functional Materials, Integrated Automation Technologies and Robotics, Control Systems, Telecommunications and Navigation, Information Technology and Cybersecurity, Project Management and Leadership, and Ecology, industrial, and environmental safety. The journal welcomes empirical studies, theoretical frameworks, and practical applications that contribute to the understanding and resolution of challenges in contemporary science. (shrink)

Humankind is currently confronted with a critical challenge that determines its very existence, not only on an individual, racial, or national level but as a whole species: the fight against climate change and environmental degradation. To win this battle, humanity needs innovations and non-linear thinking. Nature has long been a substantial information source for unthinkable discoveries that save human lives. The paper suggests that by understanding the nature, emergence, and mechanism of serendipity, the survival skill of humans, humanity can capitalize (...) on it to learn from nature and generate nature-based innovations that can address the climate and environmental degradation crises. In the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) proliferation, AI will be a vital tool providing navigational and useful information to leverage the power of serendipity in climate and sustainability science. However, an eco-surplus culture that incorporates core values pertaining to nature and sees environmental sustainability as the conscience of the times needs to be built to direct and control the immense power of AI-leveraged serendipity. Insights applied in this paper are drawn from the book titled “A New Theory of Serendipity: Nature, Emergence and Mechanism”. (shrink)

Usually, modular construction involves the off-site manufacturing of standard building components in a factory before the components are assembled on the construction site. It is common to use terms like "prefabrication," "off-site construction," and "modular construction" interchangeably. The construction of modular constructions nowadays is flourishing all over the globe. The roots of the Albanian prefabricated constructions are extended for the first time around the 1970s. This paper will indeed analyze some recently built modular construction in Albania, considering and comparing it (...) with international case studies. The demand for new construction in Albania is rising rapidly. Currently, the most common structures are cast-in-place beam-column designs, driven by both traditional mindsets and industrial capabilities. However, with Albania's economic growth, there is an increasing need for affordable, quickly built, and technologically advanced buildings. Modular construction, which assembles prefabricated modules on-site, offers a solution. This method aligns with bioclimatic design principles, reducing environmental impact and optimizing resources, marking a shift toward sustainability in the construction industry. The purpose of this article is to explore the potential integration of “modular construction techniques” with “bioclimatic design concepts” to create buildings that are environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and multipurpose by function. This study explores the use of modular construction techniques in conjunction with bioclimatic techniques to increase “building sustainability”. Combining these tactics encourages energy efficiency and a reduced environmental effect, making people far more resilient and weather-adaptable. The synergy between the two of them is necessary. (shrink)

The article aims to provide insight into the water absorption, capillarity action, and material composition of various bricks and panels used as external coatings for buildings. The materials analyzed include silicate brick, red clay brick, normal clay hollow brick, concrete block, and EPS fibre cement composite wall panel. These types of bricks and panels are widely used in buildings in Albania, making their water absorption characteristics and hygroscopic moisture levels important factors to consider for future applications. The study is based (...) on an experiment involving five material samples. Initially, the samples are dried and then partially submerged in water for 12, 24, and 36 hours. Afterward, they are removed from the water and dried indoors for 12, 24, and 36 hours. The moisture content is measured at three intervals for each sample category. The experiment also analyzes the capillarity action of water within the materials to evaluate their overall performance. Based on the results, red clay brick and normal clay hollow brick were identified as the most vulnerable materials due to their composition, high capillarity action, and significant water absorption. These findings are crucial for determining the suitability of these materials in construction practices. (shrink)

Purpose. Determination of the Natural Resource Potential of the Territories Disturbed by Mining Operations of Mining and Processing Plants on the Example of the Territories of the Kryvyi Rih Mining Region. Design / Method / Approach. The article considers the feasibility of using the territories disturbed by mining operations, in particular, waste heaps in Kryvbas, for the placement of wind power plants. On the basis of the research conducted, the authors have proved the efficiency of using wind turbines with a (...) vertical axis of rotation. Calculation of wind energy potential for vertical and horizontal wind turbines in Kryvyi Rih Findings. Areas disturbed by mining operations are promising for wind energy. It is advisable to install wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation on waste heaps. This makes sense from an economic and environmental point of view. Theoretical Implications. Today, wind energy has not been studied enough, which makes it an interesting area for research. Practical Implications. The use of areas disturbed by mining operations for wind power allows enterprises to have energy independence for important technological processes and reduces the environmental impact. Originality / Value. In today's environment, industry is energy-intensive and energy-dependent, so using areas disturbed by mining operations for wind power is an innovative approach. The use of wind farms in areas with low wind speeds (such as Kryvbas) is a new approach to providing mining companies with renewable and environmentally friendly electricity. Research Limitations / Future Research. The authors plan to further study wind power plants, select optimal designs and calculate technological parameters for their installation. Study of the peculiarities of post-manufacturing landscapes of Kryvbas for the placement of wind power plants. Paper Type. Analytical Paper. (shrink)

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the accumulated experience in designing rocket engines using computer-integrated technologies, and to identify current areas of development of this issue and tools for solving scientific and practical problems. Design / Method / Approach. The study is based on the analysis of the accumulated experience in the design of rocket engines using computer-integrated technologies. The researchers developed a design algorithm, a modeling algorithm, and a mathematical model for calculating the parameters of liquid-propellant (...) rocket engines and solid-propellant rocket engines. The analysis process covers the design stages with the introduction of the latest digital tools. Findings. The article identifies key areas for modernizing the rocket engine design process. New methods for modeling and analyzing the design stages using computer-integrated technologies have been developed, which allows to increase the efficiency and accuracy of design. Theoretical Implications. The work confirms the importance of using computer-integrated technologies to optimize and improve the rocket engine design process. The theoretical conclusions emphasize the importance of these technologies in ensuring the accuracy and quality of the design of the latest rocket engine models. Practical Implications. The results obtained can be used to improve the design process at modern rocket engine development enterprises. This will increase the competitiveness of such companies and their leading positions in the engineering services market. Originality / Value. The originality of the study lies in an integrated approach to analyzing the rocket engine design process using the latest computer-integrated technologies. The proposed tools and models are new and have significant value for the further development of the industry. Research Limitations / Future Research. The study is limited to the analysis of certain stages of design and the use of individual tools. Further research could focus on expanding the range of digital tools and improving mathematical models for other types of rocket engines. Paper Type. Practitioner Paper, Review of Methods. (shrink)

The need to design and build according to the resident’s demands is the best possible option, in today's economic market. Nowadays, buildings that ensure a good thermal performance is increasing. This article compares the thermal transmittance coefficient (U-value) between a wall with a simple composition of bricks, plaster and graffito without thermal insulation and a wall composed of stone wool, anti-vapors membrane, air gap and terracotta tiles (ventilated façade). This comparison explains the thermal benefits and the best ways to increase (...) the thermal performance of a building, in a particular case of Polis University, Tirana, Albania. The results and conclusions drawn from this article are factual indicators with concrete values that professionals should take into consideration since in the initial stage of design. Choosing the best layers for a façade may result in the creation of a comfortable indoor thermal comfort for the inhabitance in a micro perspective. A good thermal insulation improves the building’s thermal balance and contributes decisively to the thermal comfort of the occupants, which means a considerable reduction in heating and cooling loads, in order to increase the building’s energy efficiency. The measurements of this comparative analysis will be done by using a specific instrument such as Testo 435-2. Atmospheric conditions will also be considered during the measurements, respectively for internal and external environments. (shrink)