Results for ' predators'

691 found
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  1. Animals, predators, the right to life, and the duty to save lives.Aaron Simmons - 2009 - Ethics and the Environment 14 (1):pp. 15-27.
    One challenge to the idea that animals have a moral right to life claims that any such right would require us to intervene in the wild to prevent animals from being killed by predators. I argue that belief in an animal right to life does not commit us to supporting a program of predator-prey intervention. One common retort to the predator challenge contends that we are not required to save animals from predators because predators are not moral (...)
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  2.  63
    The Predation Argument.Charles K. Fink - 2005 - Between the Species 13 (5):1-15.
    One common objection to ethical vegetarianism—that is, vegetarianism for ethical reasons—concerns the morality of the predator-prey relationship. If it is morally acceptable for wolves to kill sheep for food, why is it wrong for human beings to eat meat? The objection raised here is sometimes called the “predation argument.” In this article, I critically examine three versions of the argument.
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  3. Predator-prey interactions.P. A. Abrams - 2001 - In C. W. Fox D. A. Roff, Evolutionary Ecology: Concepts and Case Studies. pp. 277--289.
     
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  4.  34
    Is “Wolf‐Pack” Predation by Antimicrobial Bacteria Cooperative? Cell Behaviour and Predatory Mechanisms Indicate Profound Selfishness, Even when Working Alongside Kin.Rupert C. Marshall & David E. Whitworth - 2019 - Bioessays 41 (4):1800247.
    For decades, myxobacteria have been spotlighted as exemplars of social “wolf‐pack” predation, communally secreting antimicrobial substances into the shared public milieu. This behavior has been described as cooperative, becoming more efficient if performed by more cells. However, laboratory evidence for cooperativity is limited and of little relevance to predation in a natural setting. In contrast, there is accumulating evidence for predatory mechanisms promoting “selfish” behavior during predation, which together with conflicting definitions of cooperativity, casts doubt on whether microbial “wolf‐pack” predation (...)
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  5.  10
    Killing for Girls: Predation Play and Female Empowerment.Elena Bertozzi - 2012 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 32 (6):447-454.
    Predation games—games in which the player is actively encouraged and often required to hunt and kill in order to survive—have historically been the purview of male players. Females, though now much more involved in digital games than before, generally play games that stress traditionally feminine values such as socializing with others, shopping, and nurturing. This article argues that playing games that virtually simulate predation has many benefits for female players. Predation play teaches participants how to survive and succeed in stressful, (...)
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  6.  87
    Predation between prokaryotes and the origin of eukaryotes.Yaacov Davidov & Edouard Jurkevitch - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (7):748-757.
    Accumulating data suggest that the eukaryotic cell originated from a merger of two prokaryotes, an archaeal host and a bacterial endosymbiont. However, since prokaryotes are unable to perform phagocytosis, the means by which the endosymbiont entered its host is an enigma. We suggest that a predatory or parasitic interaction between prokaryotes provides a reasonable explanation for this conundrum. According to the model presented here, the host in this interaction was an anaerobic archaeon with a periplasm‐like space. The predator was a (...)
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  7. Predators of knowledge construction: Interpreting students' metacognition in an amusement park physics program.David Anderson & Samson Nashon - 2007 - Science Education 91 (2):298-320.
     
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  8.  48
    Predation Catch-22: Disentangling the Rights of Prey, Predators, and Rescuers.Julius Kapembwa - 2018 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 31 (5):527-542.
    Predation poses a serious challenge for animal ethics of whatever ilk. For animal rights theory especially, the problem is potentially fatal as animal rights appear to require or permit interfering in nature to prevent predation, an implication that appears to be absurd. Several philosophers have written to deflect this challenge by showing how that implication is not absurd or how the allegedly entailed prescription to intervene does not follow from animal rights theory. A number of philosophers have taken different routes (...)
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  9.  79
    Predator Free New Zealand and the ‘War’ on Pests: Is it a just War?Michael C. Morris - 2020 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 33 (1):93-110.
    Conservation policy in New Zealand is centred around an objective to totally eradicate three invasive species; the ship rat, the brushtail possum and the stoat, by 2050. The preferred control method to achieve this is large scale poisoning operations with 1080 and similar toxins. This project is backed up by governmental and non-governmental agencies and surrounded with discourse of ‘war’ and ‘invasion’. The ‘Big Three’ predators are endowed with sinister motives as a means of mobilising support. This self-described ‘war’ (...)
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  10. Rabbits, Stoats and the Predator Problem: Why a Strong Animal Rights Position Need Not Call for Human Intervention to Protect Prey from Predators.Josh Milburn - 2015 - Res Publica 21 (3):273-289.
    Animal rights positions face the ‘predator problem’: the suggestion that if the rights of nonhuman animals are to be protected, then we are obliged to interfere in natural ecosystems to protect prey from predators. Generally, rather than embracing this conclusion, animal ethicists have rejected it, basing this objection on a number of different arguments. This paper considers but challenges three such arguments, before defending a fourth possibility. Rejected are Peter Singer’s suggestion that interference will lead to more harm than (...)
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  11.  94
    Hunting ≠ predation.Paul Veatch Moriarty & Mark Woods - 1997 - Environmental Ethics 19 (4):391-404.
    Holmes Rolston has defended certain forms of hunting and meat eating when these activities are seen as natural participation in the food chains in which we evolved. Ned Hettinger has suggested that some of Rolston’s principles that govern our interactions with plants and animals might appear to be inconsistent with Rolston’s defense of these activities. Hettinger attempts to show that they are not. We argue that Rolston’s principles are not consistent with hunting, given Hettinger’s modifications. In his defense of Rolston, (...)
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  12. Prédation.Andrée-Anne Cormier & Mauro Rossi - 2020 - In Renan Larue, La pensée végane : 50 regards sur la condition animale. Presses Universitaires de France. pp. 421-436.
  13. Valuing Predation in Rolston’s Environmental Ethics: Bambi Lovers versus Tree Huggers.Ned Hettinger - 1994 - Environmental Ethics 16 (1):3-20.
    Without modification, Rolston’s environmental ethics is biased in favor of plants, since he gives them stronger protection than animals. Rolston can avoid this bias by extending his principle protecting plants (the principle of the nonloss of goods) to human interactions with animals. Were he to do so, however, he would risk undermining his acceptance of meat eating and certain types of hunting. I argue,nevertheless, that meat eating and hunting, properly conceived, are compatible with this extended ethics. As the quintessential natural (...)
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  14.  39
    Predators and Pests.Lauren Eichler & David Baumeister - 2020 - Environmental Ethics 42 (4):295-311.
    The tethering of Indigenous peoples to animality has long been a central mechanism of settler colonialism. Focusing on North America from the seventeenth century to the pres­ent, this essay argues that Indigenous animalization stems from the settler imposition onto Native Americans of dualistic notions of human/animal difference, coupled with the settler view that full humanity hinges on the proper cultivation of land. To further illustrate these claims, we attend to how Native Americans have been and continue to be animalized as (...)
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  15.  16
    Pattern Dynamics in a Predator-Prey Model with Diffusion Network.Wenjie Yang, Qianqian Zheng, Jianwei Shen & Qing Hu - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-8.
    Diffusion plays an essential role in the distribution of predator and prey. We mainly research the diffusion network’s effect on the predator-prey model through bifurcation. First, it is found that the link probability and diffusion parameter can cause Turing instability in the network-organized predator-prey model. Then, the Turing stability region is obtained according to the sufficient condition of Turing instability and the eigenvalues’ distribution. Finally, the biological mechanism is explained through our theoretical results, which are also illustrated by numerical simulation.
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  16. Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles.Bradley Jay Strawser - 2010 - Journal of Military Ethics 9 (4):342-368.
    A variety of ethical objections have been raised against the military employment of uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs, drones). Some of these objections are technological concerns over UAVs abilities’ to function on par with their inhabited counterparts. This paper sets such concerns aside and instead focuses on supposed objections to the use of UAVs in principle. I examine several such objections currently on offer and show them all to be wanting. Indeed, I argue that we have a duty to protect an (...)
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  17. Painlessly Killing Predators.Ben Bramble - 2020 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 38 (2):217-225.
    Animals suffer harms not only in human captivity but in the wild as well. Some of these latter harms are due to humans, but many of them are not. Consider, for example, the harms of predation, i.e. of being hunted, killed, and eaten by other animals. Should we intervene in nature to prevent these harms? In this article, I consider two possible ways in which we might do so: (1) by herbivorising predators (i.e. genetically modify them so that their (...)
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  18. Predators or Ploughshares? Arms Control of Robotic Weapons.Robert Sparrow - 2009 - IEEE Technology and Society 28 (1):25-29.
    This paper makes the case for arms control regimes to govern the development and deployment of autonomous weapon systems and long range uninhabited aerial vehicles.
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  19. The Problem of Predation in Zoopolis.Andrée-Anne Cormier & Mauro Rossi - 2016 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 35 (4):718-736.
    In this article, we argue that the phenomenon of predation is the source of several problems for Donaldson and Kymlicka's account of our duties towards wild and liminal animals. According to them, humans should adopt a general policy of non-intervention with respect to predatory behaviour involving wild and liminal animals. They justify this recommendation by appealing to the status of those animals as, respectively, members of sovereign communities and denizens of human-animal societies. Our goal is not to question their recommendation, (...)
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  20.  14
    On Predation–Commensalism Processes as Models of Bi-stability and Constructive Role of Systemic Extinctions.E. Sanchez-Palencia & J. -P. Françoise - 2021 - Acta Biotheoretica 69 (4):497-510.
    We propose a mathematical model for a class of predator–prey systems more complex than the usual one, involving a commensalism effect consisting in an influence of the predator on the sustainability of the prey. This effect induces interesting new features, including bi-stability. The question of the possibility of reaching a certain attractor starting from initial conditions with a small population of predators, which presents an interest from the vewpoint of the onset of the predator in evolution, is addressed. We (...)
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  21.  32
    Predation and generation processes through a new representation of the cusp catastrophe.Ph Lacorre - 1997 - Acta Biotheoretica 45 (2):93-115.
    A new formulation of the cusp catastrophe is used to model the fundamental biological functions of predation and reproduction. This new representation lies on the decomposition of the overall cusp potential in two component potentials individualising the conflicting pregnances. It results in a more accurate and less problematic description than the original proposition by R. Thom, mostly due to the use of parameters with strong physical and evocative power. For instance, it gives a very suggestive account for such biologically significant (...)
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  22.  19
    Why direct effects of predation complicate the social brain hypothesis.Wouter van der Bijl & Niclas Kolm - 2016 - Bioessays 38 (6):568-577.
    A growing number of studies have found that large brains may help animals survive by avoiding predation. These studies provide an alternative explanation for existing correlative evidence for one of the dominant hypotheses regarding the evolution of brain size in animals, the social brain hypothesis (SBH). The SBH proposes that social complexity is a major evolutionary driver of large brains. However, if predation both directly selects for large brains and higher levels of sociality, correlations between sociality and brain size may (...)
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  23.  63
    The Problem of Predator-Prey Relations and Predator Flourishing in Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach to Justice.Daniel Crescenzo - 2012 - Environmental Ethics 34 (2):177-197.
    According to Martha Nussbaum, treating animals justly is a matter of guaranteeing each individual those capabilities up to a minimum threshold that are essential for flourishing as a member of a particular species. Nussbaum’s basic theoretical framework is acceptable; however, a capability which Nussbaum thinks is not essential for the flourishing, the oppor­tunity to kill as a part of exercising predatory instinct, may in fact be essential for predator flourishing. Nussbaum ought to be concerned with the possibility that this capability (...)
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  24.  30
    Should arthropod parasitoids and predators be subject to host range testing when used as biological control agents?Roy G. Van Driesche & Mark Hoddle - 1997 - Agriculture and Human Values 14 (3):211-226.
    Testing of candidate biological control agents to estimate their likely field host ranges in the area of release has been part of weed biological control for several decades, with evolving techniques and goals. Similar efforts have been made less often for parasitoids and predators being introduced for arthropod biological control. Here, we review both techniques of host range testing and social objectives of such screening. We ask whether agents introduced for arthropod biological control should be subjected to host range (...)
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  25.  46
    Laissons la lionne tuer la gazelle : Droits des animaux, prédation, devoir d'assistance et défense d'un tiers.Bertrand Cassegrain - 2011 - Philosophiques 38 (2):439-463.
    Lors d’un safari, vous apercevez une lionne sur le point d’attaquer une gazelle. Or, vous êtes un partisan des droits des animaux. La gazelle a le droit de vivre, donc vous estimez devoir la sauver des griffes du félin. Toutefois, sauver la gazelle signifie violer le droit de la lionne de subvenir à ses besoins. Que vous sauviez la gazelle ou que vous laissiez la lionne la manger, il semble que vous soyez moralement condamnable. Certains estimeront que cette situation est (...)
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  26.  16
    Predation.Steve Sapontzis - 2011 - Ethics and Animals 5 (2).
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  27.  48
    Human Responsibility for Predation.Clare Palmer - 2023 - Food Ethics 9 (1):1-9.
    In Just Fodder, Josh Milburn defends the view that sentient animals have negative rights. Since non-human animals are not moral agents, and can’t themselves violate anyone’s rights, wild predation is normally ethically unproblematic. However, Milburn argues, there are occasions when humans can become morally responsible for an animal’s predation. In cases like these, predation does violate the prey animal’s rights. The difficulty here lies in determining when a human is ‘sufficiently’ morally responsible for an animal’s predation for the predation to (...)
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  28.  47
    Of Predators and Prey: Imagination in Scientific Modeling.Fiora Salis - 2020 - In Keith A. Moser & Ananta Charana Sukla, Imagination and Art: Explorations in Contemporary Theory. Brill | Rodopi. pp. 451–474.
    What are theoretical models and how do they contribute to a scientific understanding of reality? In this chapter, I will argue that models are akin to fictional stories in that they are human-made artifacts created through the imaginative activities of scientists. And I will suggest that the sort of imagination involved in modeling is make-believe and that this is constrained in three main ways which, together, enable knowledge of reality. I will conclude by addressing recent criticisms against the fiction view (...)
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  29.  32
    Is Predation Necessarily Amoral?Susana Monsó - 2021 - In Anne Siegetsleitner, Andreas Oberprantacher, Marie-Luisa Frick & Ulrich Metschl, Crisis and Critique: Philosophical Analysis and Current Events: Proceedings of the 42nd International Wittgenstein Symposium. Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 367-382.
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  30. Pariahs, Partners, Predators: German-Soviet Relations, 1922-1941. By Aleksandr M. Nekrich.H. J. Rindisbacher - 2000 - The European Legacy 5 (3):476-476.
     
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  31.  28
    The Study of a Predator-Prey Model with Fear Effect Based on State-Dependent Harvesting Strategy.Y. Tian & H. M. Li - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-19.
    In presence of predator population, the prey population may significantly change their behavior. Fear for predator population enhances the survival probability of prey population, and it can greatly reduce the reproduction of prey population. In this study, we propose a predator-prey fishery model introducing the cost of fear into prey reproduction with Holling type-II functional response and prey-dependent harvesting and investigate the global dynamics of the proposed model. For the system without harvest, it is shown that the level of fear (...)
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  32.  95
    Predator and prey: Seizing and killing suspected terrorists abroad.Steven R. Ratner - 2007 - Journal of Political Philosophy 15 (3):251–275.
  33.  18
    Predator-Prey Interactions.Peter A. Abrams - 2001 - In C. W. Fox D. A. Roff, Evolutionary Ecology: Concepts and Case Studies. pp. 277-289.
  34.  19
    Predation by “shooting” in archer fish, Toxotes jaculatrix: Accuracy and sequences.Marc Bekoff & Robert Dorr - 1976 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 7 (2):167-168.
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  35.  16
    Predation as predication: Toward an ecology of semiosis and syntax.W. John Coletta - 1996 - Semiotica 109 (3-4):221-236.
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  36.  21
    Complex Dynamical Behavior of Holling–Tanner Predator-Prey Model with Cross-Diffusion.Caiyun Wang, Yongyong Pei, Yaqun Niu & Ruiqiang He - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-14.
    Spatial predator-prey models have been studied by researchers for many years, because the exact distributions of the population can be well illustrated via pattern formation. In this paper, amplitude equations of a spatial Holling–Tanner predator-prey model are studied via multiple scale analysis. First, by amplitude equations, we obtain the corresponding intervals in which different kinds of patterns will be onset. Additionally, we get the conclusion that pattern transitions of the predator are induced by the increasing rate of conversion into predator (...)
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  37. Reprogramming Predators — Blueprint for a Cruelty-Free World.David Pearce - unknown
    "The total amount of suffering per year in the natural world is beyond all decent contemplation. During the minute that it takes me to compose this sentence, thousands of animals are being eaten alive, others are running for their lives, whimpering with fear, others are being slowly devoured from within by rasping parasites, thousands of all k inds are dying of starvation, thirst and disease. It must be so." -/- —Richard Dawkins, River Out of Eden (1995).
     
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  38.  17
    Predators.Kathleen Malley - 1993 - Between the Species 9 (4):5.
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  39.  37
    Predator free New Zealand: Social, cultural, and ethical challenges.L. Ellis, M. Hohneck, C. Irons, J. Knight, K. Littin, J. Maclaurin, E. MacDonald, C. Speedy, T. Steeves, K. Watene, P. Wehi & E. Parke - unknown
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  40.  11
    2 Predation and production in European imperialism.Michael Mann - 2007 - In Siniša Malešević & Mark Haugaard, Ernest Gellner and contemporary social thought. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 50--74.
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  41.  13
    Dynamics of a Predator-Prey Population in the Presence of Resource Subsidy under the Influence of Nonlinear Prey Refuge and Fear Effect.Sudeshna Mondal, G. P. Samanta & Juan J. Nieto - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-38.
    In this work, our aim is to investigate the impact of a non-Kolmogorov predator-prey-subsidy model incorporating nonlinear prey refuge and the effect of fear with Holling type II functional response. The model arises from the study of a biological system involving arctic foxes, lemmings, and seal carcasses. The positivity and asymptotically uniform boundedness of the solutions of the system have been derived. Analytically, we have studied the criteria for the feasibility and stability of different equilibrium points. In addition, we have (...)
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  42.  16
    Effects of simulated predation on tonic immobility in Anolis carolinensis: The role of eye contact.Charles W. Hennig - 1977 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 9 (4):239-242.
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  43. Predator-prey models and contact considerations.Douglas Raybeck - 2014 - In Douglas A. Vakoch, Extraterrestrial altruism: evolution and ethics in the cosmos. New York: Springer.
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  44.  25
    Research on a 3D Predator-Prey Evolutionary System in Real Estate Market.Yujing Yang & Wenzhe Tang - 2018 - Complexity 2018:1-13.
    This paper establishes a model on the upstream and downstream relationship among private enterprises, provincial and local officials, and the central government in the real estate market using the population ecology theory of mutual relations among individual species from the perspective of business ecosystem. A dynamic model is introduced and the complex dynamical behaviors of such a predator-prey model are investigated by means of numerical simulation. The local stability conditions and complex dynamics are investigated, and the existence of chaos is (...)
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  45.  50
    Unnatural Pumas and Domestic Foxes: Relations with Protected Predators and Conspiratorial Rumours in Southern Chile.Pelayo Benavides & Julián Caviedes - 2022 - Environmental Values 31 (2):131-152.
    Human–wildlife conflicts involving protected predators are a major social and environmental problem worldwide. A critical aspect in such conflicts is the role of state institutions regarding predators’ conservation, and how this is construed by affected local populations. These interpretations are frequently embodied in conspiratorial rumours, sharing some common traits related to wild and domestic categories, spatial ordering and power relations. In southern Chile, a one-year, multi-sited ethnographic study of human–animal relations in and adjacent to protected areas was undertaken, (...)
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  46.  21
    Dynamics of a Predator-Prey Model with Fear Effect and Time Delay.Junli Liu, Pan Lv, Bairu Liu & Tailei Zhang - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-16.
    In this paper, we propose a time-delayed predator-prey model with Holling-type II functional response, which incorporates the gestation period and the cost of fear into prey reproduction. The dynamical behavior of this system is both analytically and numerically investigated from the viewpoint of stability, permanence, and bifurcation. We found that there are stability switches, and Hopf bifurcations occur when the delay τ passes through a sequence of critical values. The explicit formulae which determine the direction, stability, and other properties of (...)
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  47.  17
    Exopraxes of Predation and the Use of Alterity in Cape Verde.Christophe Pons - 2020 - Common Knowledge 26 (2):298-307.
    As part of a cluster of articles on religious exopraxis, within a larger symposium on xenophilia, this essay protests against the optimistic casting of exopraxis as a sign of fluidity, porosity, and openness. It argues instead that the pragmatic capacity to navigate alien practices and spaces of devotion can also be predatory. There are cases in which exopraxis amounts to an act of predation on what makes a religion to which one does not belong successful, and there are cases in (...)
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  48.  31
    A learning strategy for predator preying on edible and inedible prey.A. Tsoularis - 2007 - Acta Biotheoretica 55 (3):283-295.
    In this paper I propose a reinforcement learning model for a predator preying upon two types of prey, the unpalatable (noxious) models, and the palatable mimics. The latter type of prey resembles the models in appearance so as to derive some protection from the predator who must avoid the unpalatable models. Essentially the predator is treated as a learning automaton adopting a simple reinforcement learning strategy in order to increase its consumption of palatable prey and reduce the consumption of unpalatable (...)
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  49.  14
    Narration et prédation: Pascal Quignard et la théorie cynégétique du récit.Cristina Àlvares - 2021 - Semiotica 2021 (239):81-97.
    RésuméNotre propos est de réunir quelques réflexions de Pascal Quignard sur le récit afin d’en dégager les coordonnées ou les prémisses d’une théorie narrative chez cet écrivain qui, n’étant pas un théoricien, est sans doute quelqu’un qui fait œuvre de pensée. Notre hypothèse est que, situées dans le cadre d’une épistémologie naturaliste et d’un récit anthropogénétique au sein duquel la prédation joue un rôle majeur, en particulier celui de condition de possibilité de la narration, les spéculations de Quignard s’élaborent sur (...)
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  50.  23
    Quantum Prey–Predator Dynamics: A Gaussian Ensemble Analysis.A. E. Bernardini & O. Bertolami - 2023 - Foundations of Physics 53 (3):1-11.
    Quantum frameworks for modeling competitive ecological systems and self-organizing structures have been investigated under multiple perspectives yielded by quantum mechanics. These comprise the description of the phase-space prey–predator competition dynamics in the framework of the Weyl–Wigner quantum mechanics. In this case, from the classical dynamics described by the Lotka–Volterra (LV) Hamiltonian, quantum states convoluted by statistical gaussian ensembles can be analytically evaluated. Quantum modifications on the patterns of equilibrium and stability of the prey–predator dynamics can then be identified. These include (...)
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