Results for ' specification'

975 found
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  1. Roger Schwarzschild and Karina Wilkinson.Specificational Pseudoclefts, Barbara Abbott & Donkey Demonstratives - 2002 - Natural Language Semantics 10 (305).
  2.  21
    Network Working Group B. Callaghan Request for Comments: 1813 B. Pawlowski Category: Informational P. Staubach Sun Microsystems, Inc. June 1995. [REVIEW]Protocol Specification - 1995 - Philosophy 8:1-7.
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  3. Ivano caponigro and daphna Heller.Specificational Sentences - 2007 - In Chris Barker & Pauline I. Jacobson, Direct compositionality. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 14--237.
  4. Journey planning: a cartography of practical reasoning.Conicet Mariela Aguilera Institute Of Humanities, Argentinamariela Aguilera Is An AssociAte Researcher at Conicet Córdoba, Unc An AssociAte Professor at The Ffyh, Philosophy Of Mind ArgentIna)she Works in The Fields Of Philosophy Of Cognitive Science, Such as Inferences Focuses Specifically on the Non-Linguistic Forms of Thinking, Images Maps & Animals’ Reasoning - forthcoming - Philosophical Explorations:1-23.
    Different researchers from psychology and neuroscience state that navigation involves the manipulation of cognitive maps and graphs. In this paper, I will argue that navigating – specifically, journey planning – can be conceived as a process of practical reasoning. First, I will argue that journey planning constitutes a case of means-end reasoning involving inferences with cartographic representations. Then, I will argue that the output of journey planning functions as an instrumental belief in means-end reasoning. More specifically, journey planning can deliver (...)
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  5. The forty-fourth annual lecture series 2003–2004.Are Infants Little Scientists & Rethinking Domain-Specificity - 2003 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 34 (413).
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  6. Elisabetta ladavas and Alessandro farne.Representations Of Space & Near Specific Body Parts - 2004 - In Charles Spence & Jon Driver, Crossmodal Space and Crossmodal Attention. Oxford University Press.
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  7.  54
    Discovering Specific Conditions for Compliance with Soft Regulation Related to Work with Nanomaterials.Aline Reichow & Bärbel Dorbeck-Jung - 2013 - NanoEthics 7 (1):83-92.
    At workplaces where nanomaterials are produced or used, risk assessment and risk management are extremely difficult tasks since there is still limited evidence about the risks of nanomaterials. Measurement methods for nanoparticles are contested and safety standards have not yet been developed properly. To support compliance with the legal obligation of the employer to care for safe workplaces a large number of ‘soft’ regulatory tools have been proposed (e.g. codes of conduct, benchmarks, standards). However, it is not clear whether and (...)
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  8. Specification.Raymond Turner - 2011 - Minds and Machines 21 (2):135-152.
    The specification and implementation of computational artefacts occurs throughout the discipline of computer science. Consequently, unpacking its nature should constitute one of the core areas of the philosophy of computer science. This paper presents a conceptual analysis of the central role of specification in the discipline.
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  9.  12
    Laterality-Specific Training Improves Mental Rotation Performance in Young Soccer Players.Stefanie Pietsch & Petra Jansen - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  10.  56
    Advancing the specification of dual process models of higher cognition: a critical test of the hybrid model view.Bence Bago & Wim De Neys - 2019 - Thinking and Reasoning 26 (1):1-30.
    Dual process models of higher cognition have become very influential in the cognitive sciences. The popular Default-Interventionist model has long favoured a serial view on the interaction between...
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  11.  9
    Epistemological specificity of art: from the «psychophysiology» of the primitive world to the «practical philosophizing» of the modern era.Деменёв Д.Н - 2023 - Philosophy and Culture (Russian Journal) 9:161-178.
    The subject of the study is the epistemological specificity of art through the «prism» of the Paleolithic and modern eras. The focus of the research is aimed at analyzing the phenomenon of «eidetism», which is a link between modern and primitive art. The purpose of the article is to comprehend the epistemological specifics of art, which began with the «psychophysiology» of the primitive world and developed into forms of «practical philosophizing» of the modern era. The research methodology includes a review (...)
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  12.  12
    Context-Specific Arousal During Resting in Wolves and Dogs: Effects of Domestication?Hillary Jean-Joseph, Kim Kortekaas, Friederike Range & Kurt Kotrschal - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:568199.
    Due to domestication, dogs differ from wolves in the way they respond to their environment, including to humans. Selection for tameness and the associated changes to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation have been proposed as the primary mechanisms of domestication. To test this idea, we compared two low-arousal states in equally raised and kept wolves and dogs: resting, a state close to being asleep, and inactive wakefulness, which together take up an important part in the time budgets of wolves (...)
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  13.  43
    Person-specific non-shared environmental influences in intraindividual variability: a preliminary case of daily school feelings in monozygotic twins.Yao Zheng, Peter C. M. Molenaar, Rosalind Arden, Kathryn Asbury & David M. Almeida - unknown
    Most behavioural genetic studies focus on genetic and environmental influences on inter-individual phenotypic differences at the population level. The growing collection of intensive longitudinal data in social and behavioural science offers a unique opportunity to examine genetic and environmental influences on intra-individual phenotypic variability at the individual level. The current study introduces a novel idiographic approach and one novel method to investigate genetic and environmental influences on intra-individual variability by a simple empirical demonstration. Person-specific non-shared environmental influences on intra-individual variability (...)
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  14. Moral Attitudes for Non-Cognitivists: Solving the Specification Problem.Gunnar Björnsson & Tristram McPherson - 2014 - Mind 123 (489):1-38.
    Moral non-cognitivists hope to explain the nature of moral agreement and disagreement as agreement and disagreement in non-cognitive attitudes. In doing so, they take on the task of identifying the relevant attitudes, distinguishing the non-cognitive attitudes corresponding to judgements of moral wrongness, for example, from attitudes involved in aesthetic disapproval or the sports fan’s disapproval of her team’s performance. We begin this paper by showing that there is a simple recipe for generating apparent counterexamples to any informative specification of (...)
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  15. A Linguistic Specification of Aesthetic Judgments.Jochen Briesen - 2019 - British Journal of Aesthetics 59 (4):373-391.
    This paper aims to delineate the class of aesthetic judgments linguistically. The main idea is that aesthetic judgments can be specified by a certain set of assertibility conditions, i.e., by norms that govern appropriate speech-acts. This idea is spelled out in detail and defended against various objections. The suggestion leads to an interesting account of aesthetic judgments that is theoretically fruitful: It provides the basis for a non-circular and satisfying characterization of the whole domain of aesthetic research and it marks (...)
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  16.  49
    A dual-process specification of causal conditional reasoning.Niki Verschueren, Walter Schaeken & Géry D'Ydewalle - 2005 - Thinking and Reasoning 11 (3):239-278.
  17.  9
    Specificity in splicing.Robin Holliday & Vincent Murray - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (10):771-774.
    Considerable information about the process of premRNA splicing has accmulated, but the mechanism by which highly accurate splicing is achieved is unresolved. Fifteen years ago we proposed that accuracy in splicing might depend on small RNA molecules (splicer RNAs) which hybridise across adjacent exon termini, or intron termini. Gene expression, including alternative splicing, could be controlled by the transcription of specific splicer RNA genes. We re‐assess our model here, in the light of subsequent developments.
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  18.  3
    Specificity of Cultural Strategies Within Bri: Challenges and Tasks for Ukraine.Sergii Rudenko, Vitalii Turenko, Andrii Kravchuk & Liudmyla Yevdokymova - 2024 - Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Philosophy 1 (10):32-37.
    B a c k g r o u n d. The article examines the philosophical and worldview foundations and specifics of the functioning of cultural strategies within the framework of the "One Belt, One Road" (BRI) Initiative, as well as their potential and risks for Ukraine in the context of possible implementations. It was revealed that the theoretical basis of the formation of the cultural strategy of the BRI is the idea of a new democracy, which provides for the creation (...)
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  19.  48
    Perceptually specific and perceptually non-specific influences on rereading benefits for spatially transformed text: Evidence from eye movements.Heather Sheridan & Eyal M. Reingold - 2012 - Consciousness and Cognition 21 (4):1739-1747.
    The present study used eye tracking methodology to examine rereading benefits for spatially transformed text. Eye movements were monitored while participants read the same target word twice, in two different low-constraint sentence frames. The congruency of perceptual processing was manipulated by either applying the same type of transformation to the word during the first and second presentations , or employing two different types of transformations across the two presentations of the word . Perceptual specificity effects were demonstrated such that fixation (...)
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  20.  86
    How Specific Can You Get?: Troubles for Cognitive Phenomenology.David Miguel Gray - 2013 - Southwest Philosophy Review 29 (1):163-172.
    Several philosophers have recently advanced the claim that the content of mental states has its own non-imagistic phenomenology. I show that if defenders of cognitive phenomenology are to account for the conscious experience of thoughts, they must actually commit themselves to two different kinds of cognitive phenomenology, which I refer to as ‘general’ and ‘specific.’ Once this distinction is made, we can see how arguments from experience for cognitive phenomenology depend on an ambiguity in ‘what it is like’ talk for (...)
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  21.  35
    Category-specific deficits: Insights from semantic dementia and alzheimer's disease.Matthew A. Lambon Ralph & Peter Garrard - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (3):485-486.
    Recent investigations and theorising about category-specific deficits have begun to focus upon patients with progressive brain disease such as semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In this commentary we briefly review what insights have been gained from studying patients of this type. We concentrate on four specific issues: the sensory/functional distinction, correlation between features, neuroanatomical considerations, and confounding factors.
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  22.  21
    Mitosis‐specific phosphorylation of caldesmon: Possible molecular mechanism of cell rounding during mitosis.Shigeko Yamashiro & Fumio Matsumura - 1991 - Bioessays 13 (11):563-568.
    One of the profound changes in cellular morphology during mitosis is a massive alteration in the organization of microfilament cytoskeleton. It has been recently discovered that nonmuscle caldesmon, an actin and calmodulin binding microfilament‐associated protein of relative molecular mass Mr = 83000, is dissociated from microfilaments during mitosis, apparently as a consequence of mitosis‐specific phosphorylation. cdc2 kinase, which is a catalytic subunit of MPF (maturation or mitosis promoting factor), is found to be responsible for the mitosis‐specific phosphorylation of caldesmon. Because (...)
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  23.  15
    Specificity of the philosophical basis of the existentialized theology of J.Wattimo.Anna Emelianenko - 2016 - Ukrainian Religious Studies 80:116-120.
    In A. Emelianenko's article «Specificity of the philosophical basis of the existentialized theology of J. Wattimo» G. Vattimo's religious views, his contribution to theology and the nature of the interpretation of his ideas by contemporary researchers are examined. The processes of "existentialized theology" and the struggle of the Italian thinker for humanistic ideals and values are analyzed.
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  24.  14
    Disease-Specific Anxiety in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Translation and Initial Validation of a Questionnaire.Ingeborg Farver-Vestergaard, Sandra Rubio-Rask, Signe Timm, Camilla Fischer Christiansen, Ole Hilberg & Anders Løkke - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    BackgroundCommonly applied measures of symptoms of anxiety are not sensitive to disease-specific anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is a need for validated instruments measuring COPD-specific anxiety. Therefore, we translated the COPD-Anxiety Questionnaire into Danish and performed an initial validation of the psychometric properties in a sample of patients with COPD.Materials and MethodsTranslation procedures followed the World Health Organization guidelines. Participants with COPD completed questionnaires measuring COPD-specific anxiety, general psychological distress as well as variables related to COPD, (...)
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  25.  84
    A dialogue system specification for explanation.Douglas Walton - 2011 - Synthese 182 (3):349-374.
    This paper builds a dialectical system of explanation with speech act rules that define the kinds of moves allowed, like requesting and offering an explanation. Pre and post-condition rules for the speech acts determine when a particular speech act can be put forward as a move in the dialogue, and what type of move or moves must follow it. A successful explanation has been achieved when there has been a transfer of understanding from the party giving the explanation to the (...)
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  26. Specifications and Assertions.Jan van Eijck - unknown
    As a start, we give further examples of Alloy specifications. Next we turn to specification of imperative programs. Assertions about programs are specifications of how the program is supposed to behave. Assertions can be used for correctness reasoning and for testing. We illustrate the important notions of preconditions and postconditions. We demonstrate how the state transitions of imperative programming can be modelled as relations in Alloy. Correctness reasoning can be linked to testing and debugging by means of executable assertions, (...)
     
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  27.  31
    Psychologists should learn structural specification and experimental econometrics.Don Ross - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45.
    The most plausible of Yarkoni's paths to recovery for psychology is the least radical one: psychologists need truly quantitative methods that exploit the informational power of variance and heterogeneity in multiple variables. If they drop ambitions to explain entire behaviors, they could find a box full of design and econometric tools in the parts of experimental economics that don't ape psychology.
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  28.  53
    Executable specification of open multi-agent systems.Alexander Artikis & Marek Sergot - 2010 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 18 (1):31-65.
    Multi-agent systems where the agents are developed by parties with competing interests, and where there is no access to an agent’s internal state, are often classified as ‘open’. The members of such systems may inadvertently fail to, or even deliberately choose not to, conform to the system specification. Consequently, it is necessary to specify the normative relations that may exist between the members, such as permission, obligation, and institutional power. We present a framework being developed for executable specification (...)
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  29.  65
    Toward a specification of Kant's concept of existence.Timothy Rosenkoetter - 2018 - European Journal of Philosophy 26 (3):1141-1147.
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  30.  30
    Information specification in the attainment of conditional concepts.Patrick R. Laughlin - 1969 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 79 (2p1):370.
  31. Gender-Specific Values.Charlene Haddock Seigfried - 1984 - Philosophical Forum 15 (4):425.
     
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  32.  53
    Balancing in ethical deliberation: Superior to specification and casuistry.Joseph P. Demarco & Paul J. Ford - 2006 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 31 (5):483 – 497.
    Approaches to clinical ethics dilemmas that rely on basic principles or rules are difficult to apply because of vagueness and conflict among basic values. In response, casuistry rejects the use of basic values, and specification produces a large set of specified rules that are presumably easily applicable. Balancing is a method employed to weigh the relative importance of different and conflicting values in application. We argue against casuistry and specification, claiming that balancing is superior partly because it most (...)
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  33.  11
    Ethical Decision-Making for Self-Driving Vehicles: A Proposed Model & List of Value-Laden Terms that Warrant (Technical) Specification.Franziska Poszler, Maximilian Geisslinger & Christoph Lütge - 2024 - Science and Engineering Ethics 30 (5):1-31.
    Self-driving vehicles (SDVs) will need to make decisions that carry ethical dimensions and are of normative significance. For example, by choosing a specific trajectory, they determine how risks are distributed among traffic participants. Accordingly, policymakers, standardization organizations and scholars have conceptualized what (shall) constitute(s) ethical decision-making for SDVs. Eventually, these conceptualizations must be converted into specific system requirements to ensure proper technical implementation. Therefore, this article aims to translate critical requirements recently formulated in scholarly work, existing standards, regulatory drafts and (...)
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  34.  75
    Bioethics as Methodological Case Resolution: Specification, Specified Principlism and Casuistry.Ana Smith Iltis - 2000 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 25 (3):271-284.
    Bioethical decision-making depends on presuppositions about the function and goal of bioethics. The authors in this issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy share the assumption that bioethics is about resolving cases, not about moral theory, and that the best method of bioethical decision-making is that which produces useful answers. Because we have no universally agreed upon background moral theory which can serve as the basis for bioethical decision-making, they try to move bioethics away from theory. For them, a (...)
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  35.  34
    Partial and specific source memory for faces associated to other- and self-relevant negative contexts.Raoul Bell, Trang Giang & Axel Buchner - 2012 - Cognition and Emotion 26 (6):1036-1055.
    Previous research has shown a source memory advantage for faces presented in negative contexts. As yet it remains unclear whether participants remember the specific type of context in which the faces were presented or whether they can only remember that the face was associated with negative valence. In the present study, participants saw faces together with descriptions of two different types of negative behaviour and neutral behaviour. In Experiment 1, we examined whether the participants were able to discriminate between two (...)
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  36.  16
    An executable specification of a formal argumentation protocol.Alexander Artikis, Marek Sergot & Jeremy Pitt - 2007 - Artificial Intelligence 171 (10-15):776-804.
  37. Explanation by specification.Theo Af Kuipers - 1986 - Logique Et Analyse 116:509-521.
  38. Nominalization, Specification, and Investigation.Richard Lawrence - 2017 - Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley
    Frege famously held that numbers play the role of objects in our language and thought, and that this role is on display when we use sentences like "The number of Jupiter's moons is four". I argue that this role is an example of a general pattern that also encompasses persons, times, locations, reasons, causes, and ways of appearing or acting. These things are 'objects' simply in the sense that they are answers to questions: they are the sort of thing we (...)
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  39. An erotetic approach to explanation by specification.Theo A. F. Kuipers & Andrzej Wiśniewski - 1994 - Erkenntnis 40 (3):377 - 402.
    In earlier publications of the first author it was shown that intentional explanation of actions, functional explanation of biological traits and causal explanation of abnormal events share a common structure. They are called explanation by specification (of a goal, a biological function, an abnormal causal factor, respectively) as opposed to explanation by subsumption under a law. Explanation by specification is guided by a schematic train of thought, of which the argumentative steps not concerning questions were already shown to (...)
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  40.  15
    Modular algebraic specification of some basic geometrical constructions.Joseph A. Goguen - 1988 - Artificial Intelligence 37 (1-3):123-153.
  41.  89
    The Specificity of Media in the Arts.Noël Carroll - 1985 - The Journal of Aesthetic Education 19 (4):5.
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  42.  38
    The single-conclusion proof logic and inference rules specification.Vladimir N. Krupski - 2001 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 113 (1-3):181-206.
    The logic of single-conclusion proofs () is introduced. It combines the verification property of proofs with the single valuedness of proof predicate and describes the operations on proofs induced by modus ponens rule and proof checking. It is proved that is decidable, sound and complete with respect to arithmetical proof interpretations based on single-valued proof predicates. The application to arithmetical inference rules specification and -admissibility testing is considered. We show that the provability in gives the complete admissibility test for (...)
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  43. Binding Specificity and Causal Selection in Drug Design.Oliver M. Lean - 2020 - Philosophy of Science 87 (1):70-90.
    Binding specificity is a centrally important concept in molecular biology, yet it has received little philosophical attention. Here I aim to remedy this by analyzing binding specificity as a causal property. I focus on the concept’s role in drug design, where it is highly prized and hence directly studied. From a causal perspective, understanding why binding specificity is a valuable property of drugs contributes to an understanding of causal selection—of how and why scientists distinguish between causes, not just causes from (...)
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  44.  87
    On specification and the senses.Thomas A. Stoffregen & Benoît G. Bardy - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2):195-213.
    In this target article we question the assumption that perception is divided into separate domains of vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. We review implications of this assumption for theories of perception and for our understanding of ambient energy arrays (e.g., the optic and acoustic arrays) that are available to perceptual systems. We analyze three hypotheses about relations between ambient arrays and physical reality: (1) that there is an ambiguous relation between ambient energy arrays and physical reality, (2) that there (...)
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  45.  28
    Taking Detours through the “Transcendental Dialectic”. The Principles of Homogeneity, Specification, and Continuity.Rudolf Meer - 2019 - Kantian Journal 38 (1):7-29.
    In a crucial paragraph (KrV, A 663-664 / B 691-692) of the first part of the “Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic”, Kant discusses the specific status of the principles of homogeneity, specification, and continuity. In doing so, he refers to an already proven argument and thus to other passages of the Critique of Pure Reason. In search of this argument the “Transcendental Analytic” but in particular the “first book” of the “Transcendental Dialectic” turn out to be possible reference points. (...)
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  46. Species-specific properties and more narrow reductive strategies.Ronald P. Endicott - 1993 - Erkenntnis 38 (3):303-21.
    In light of the phenomenon of multiple realizability, many philosophers wanted to preserve the mind-brain identity theory by resorting to a “narrow reductive strategy” whereby one (a) finds mental properties which are (b) sufficiently narrow to avoid the phenomenon of multiple realization, while being (c) explanatorily adequate to the demands of psychological theorizing. That is, one replaces the conception of a mental property as more general feature of cognitive systems with many less general properties, for example, replacing the conception of (...)
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  47.  30
    A possible mathematical specification of “degree-0” or “degree-0 plus a little” learnability.Aravind K. Joshi - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):345-347.
  48.  24
    The Specification of Human Actions in St Thomas Aquinas (Oxford Theological Monographs). By Joseph Pilsner.Patrick Madigan - 2010 - Heythrop Journal 51 (2):329-329.
  49.  11
    Transcendental Philosophy and Its Specific Demands.Manfred Gawlina - 1998 - The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy 45:100-107.
    One needs specific initiation into the classics of transcendental philosophy because all say farewell to the common sense view of things. The three types of transcendental thinking converge in conceiving rational autonomy as the ultimate ground for justification. Correspondingly, the philosophical pedagogy of all three thinkers is focused on how to seize and make that very autonomy intellectually and existentially available. In the concrete way of proceeding, however, the three models diverge. Descartes expects one to become master of oneself and (...)
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  50.  27
    Deontic Logic in Computer Science: Normative System Specification.John-Jules Ch Meyer & R. J. Wieringa - 1993 - Wiley.
    A useful logic in which to specify normative system behaviour, deontic logic has a broad spectrum of possible applications within the field: from legal expert systems to natural language processing, database integrity to electronic contracting and the specification of fault-tolerant software.
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