Dirac's approach to gauge symmetries is discussed. We follow closely the steps that led him from his conjecture concerning the generators of gauge transformations {\it at a given time} ---to be contrasted with the common view of gauge transformations as maps from solutions of the equations of motion into other solutions--- to his decision to artificially modify the dynamics, substituting the extended Hamiltonian for the total Hamiltonian. We show in detail that Dirac's analysis was incomplete and, in completing it, we (...) prove that the fulfilment of Dirac's conjecture ---in the ``non-pathological" cases--- does not imply any need to modify the dynamics. We give a couple of simple but significant examples. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza cómo los modelos de producción y de consumo de los años veinte determinaron la obsesión cultural por la autenticidad. A partir de los análisis que hicieron Benjamin, Adorno y Kracauer se analiza el modo en que la industria cultural favorece la identificación estética con las estrellas de la conocida como sociedad de masas. A continuación, se explica por qué el origen de esta realidad hay que buscarlo en el proyecto literario y político de Rousseau y en el (...) modo en que éste, al mismo tiempo que rehabilita la novela en la institución literaria, asocia virtud moral y pasión natural. (shrink)

On part ici de l’hypothèse que Mémoires d’aveugle. L’autoportrait et autres ruines de Jacques Derrida est en quelque sorte l’illustration de La Voix et le phénomène et donc la critique, par Derrida, de la phénoménologie de l’intuition, de la perception et de la vue. On relève toutefois aussi des rencontres avec Husserl et Kant. On n’oublie pas non plus qu’il y va de l’art, des arts visuels et, dans la grande richesse thématique de cet ouvrage, on relève des moments forts, (...) aussi bien que des moments faibles, au sujet des arts du « visible ». La question demeurant : Derrida « voit »-il le dessin, la peinture et, même, entend-il la musique? (shrink)

Violence is often understood as a phenomenon characterized by direct physical harm customarily motivated by willful malice. In his 2017 World Day of Peace Message, Pope Francis challenges this narrow definition, noting that violence is not confined to physical harm but also includes environmental devastation, which, as he points out, disproportionately harms the most vulnerable members of the planet. Following this claim, this article probes the interrelationship between care for creation, nonviolence, and racial justice, highlighting the significance of this intersectionality (...) within Catholic social teaching. It reflects on Francis’s reading of Gospel nonviolence and his notion of integral ecology, and concludes with a case study that demonstrates the practical application of Francis’s social teachings on creating a more just, nonviolent, and sustainable world. (shrink)

As part of a cluster of articles on religious exopraxis, within a larger symposium on xenophilia, this essay protests against the optimistic casting of exopraxis as a sign of fluidity, porosity, and openness. It argues instead that the pragmatic capacity to navigate alien practices and spaces of devotion can also be predatory. There are cases in which exopraxis amounts to an act of predation on what makes a religion to which one does not belong successful, and there are cases in (...) which it amounts to an act of appropriation, for one’s own purposes, of a sacred place belonging to another religion. This essay details examples found in Cape Verde, whose creole society developed from the admixture of its Portuguese settlers and its formerly enslaved African population. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Cape Verde, like many other countries in the “global South,” emerged as a scene of fierce competition between campaigns of evangelization visited on the country from Europe, the United States, Africa, and Brazil. Most of the evangelists have been Christian, but since 2010, ascetic strains of Islam have also entered the local religious field. These emergent contexts are generating unprecedented forms of predatory exopraxis that this article details and evaluates. (shrink)

Rédigé par deux féministes qui avaient vingt ans dans les années 1970, dont l’une est devenue biologiste et l’autre spécialiste des relations de pouvoir entre les sexes, cet article postule que l’humanité est en train de vivre un nouveau tournant dans cette histoire, en ce que la fin de la domination masculine est désormais envisageable. Or si l’égalité femmes-hommes est aujourd’hui plus légitime que jamais, elle suscite toujours des oppositions farouches – alors même que les certitudes établies sur « les (...) deux sexes » vacillent au gré des progrès de la science et de la médecine. Cette nouvelle étape exige de celles et ceux qui veulent voir progresser ce chantier de rompre avec les travers issus du temps de la marginalité, et d’acquérir les connaissances scientifiques et historiques dont le manque pourrait faire le jeu de leurs opposant·es. (shrink)

During the 2020, the pandemic caused by the massive spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus resulted in a global crisis. In Spain, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a lockdown for almost 100 days and forced the sudden stop of sport practices and competitions. This interruption had a negative impact on high-level athletes’ mental health. However, its impact on young athletes, who are intrinsically developing a high-demanding dual career, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at describing and characterizing the general impact that COVID-19 (...) lockdown had on Spanish young athletes’ life-spheres and mental health, and identifying different profiles of athletes regarding life-conditions and sport-related variables. A sample of 544 young athletes participated in this study. Measures included life-conditions and sport-related information along with the Holistic Monitoring Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire. After the screening and description of the data, profiles were defined using a two-level cluster analysis using HMQ and GHQ-12 subscales. We explored differences in demographic and sports information between profiles using MANOVA and subsequent ANOVA. Results suggest a general negative impact of COVID-19 on young athletes’ life-spheres and mental health, but with three different clusters regarding the degree of such impact. Cluster 1 grouped the 54.78% of the sample and exhibited a low negative impact of COVID-19 lockdown on life-spheres and few mental health issues. Cluster 2 grouped a 29.96% of the participants who reported a medium negative impact on life-spheres and moderate mental health issues. Cluster 3 represented 15.26% of the sample including participants who showed a high negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown with high mental health issues. The paradigmatic participant in this third group would be a female student-athlete from a medium or low socioeconomic status with high academic demands and poor or inexistent training conditions during lockdown. Current findings emphasize the need to pay attention to young athletes’ mental health and suggest possible influencing contextual variables. We suggest some applied recommendations aimed at helping clubs and sports institutions to mitigate the negative effects of such difficult circumstances on athletes’ mental health. (shrink)

Of recent time, there has been a concern about ethical leadership and ethics in business. Research on leadership did not pay a lot of attention to fairness and many authors have studied the relationship between leader fairness and factors such as outcome satisfaction and trust in leader for instance. For the moment, there is no study that focused on the direct relationship between transformational leadership and fairness. That’s why; in this paper our aim is to study the relationship between transformational (...) leadership and the employees’ perceptions of fairness, mainly the three types of fairness which are distributive, procedural, and interactional in French firms. A questionnaire survey was sent to employees working in the industry and service sectors. A sample of 100 respondents was collected. We found a partial relationship between employees’ perceptions of fairness and transformational leadership. More specifically, we found that procedural and interactional fairness are strongly associated with transformational leadership. (shrink)

This book studies the use of biblical quotations in Kierkegaard’s pseudonymous works, as well as Kierkegaard’s hermeneutical methods in general. Kierkegaard’s mode of writing in these works—indeed, the very method of indirect communication—consists in a certain appropriation of the Bible. Kierkegaard thus becomes God’s “plagiarist,” repeating the Bible by reinscribing it into his own texts, where it becomes a part of his philosophical discourse and relates to most of his conceptual constructions.The Bible might also be called a gift, but a (...) gift that does not belong to Kierkegaard, one he merely passes along to his reader. The invisible omnipresence of God’s Word in the pseudonymous works, as opposed to the signed ones, forces us to revisit the entire distinction between the religious and the aesthetic. (shrink)

O texto aborda a relação da educação escolar e o catolicismo no espaço rural, especialmente, no rio Mapuá, no município de Breves, arquipélago de Marajó, estado do Pará. Tem-se por objetivo identificar a presença do catolicismo na escola do campo e a relação com a formação dos alunos ribeirinhos. Especificamente, a perspectiva é discutir a influência dos rituais religiosos e artefatos sagrados no processo educativo e na cultura escolar do campo. É uma investigação de natureza qualitativa, fundamentada na incursão bibliográfica (...) e pesquisa de campo, cujos dados empíricos foram coletados por meio de observações etnográficas, entrevistas semiestruturadas e fotografias. Em termos teóricos o estudo busca amparo em escritos de autores do campo da Antropologia, Ciência da Religião e da Educação, tendo como recorte o ensino religioso. Os resultados indicam que a educação escolar e o catolicismo no rio Mapuá entrelaçam-se por meio de rituais e artefatos sagrados que narram saberes, tradições, afetos, significados e simbologias que na percepção dos depoentes ajudam a forjar a formação escolar dos sujeitos e, por conseguinte, à cultura escolar. (shrink)

Era uma vez..., de Benjamin Lacombe, é um livro que é arte pura, magistralmente sedutor pela sua arquitetura física e imagens insólitas. Um livro pop-up, com personagens dos contos clássicos para infância (Polegarzinha, Pinóquio, Madame Butterfly, Chapeuzinho Vermelho, Alice no País das Maravilhas, O Barba Azul, A Bela Adormecida e Peter Pan), que desfilam pelas páginas em dobraduras em três dimensões. Talvez Madama Butterfly se distancie das narrativas feéricas, mas por certo, Lacombe a introduziu com perfeição na sua insólita construção.

I begin with the hypothesis that Jacques Derrida's Memoirs of the Blind: The Self-Portrait and Other Ruins is in a way the illustration of Speech and Phenomena and therefore Derrida's critique of phenomenology, intuition, perception, and seeing. I also want to show in this regard parallels with both Husserl and Kant. I emphasize that what is at issue in Memoirs of the Blind is art, visual arts; and in the great thematic richness of this text, I note the high points (...) as well as the low points concerning the arts of the "visible." The fundamental question is: Does Derrida "see" the drawing, the painting, and indeed listen to the music? (shrink)

Bien que les lois Veil soient fondamentales et « marquent une rupture majeure dans l’histoire des femmes et du genre, comme dans l’Histoire avec un grand H » (p. 6), leur généalogie demeure mal connue. Loin de prendre naissance dans la seconde vague féministe, elles sont l’aboutissement de longues années de lutte menées par des courants très divers, sans lien nécessairement entre eux, et poursuivant des buts et des stratégies spécifiques. Structuré en trois parties, l’ouvrage en présente les...

Reseña bibliográfica del libro de Yanina Benítez Ocampo. (2021), _Ontología de la pobreza. El concepto de privación en Aristóteles,_ Prólogo de Victoria Juliá, Porto, Portugal, 2021, 133 páginas. ISBN: 978-989-9037-09-0.

Platão, ao tratar da negação no diálogo Sofista, afirma que sempre que enunciamos o que não é, não enunciamos algo contrário ao que é, mas algo diferente. A negação significa cada parte da natureza da diferença em antítese ao que é. Tal tratamento da negação resulta da necessidade de resolver alguns problemas colocados pelo eleatismo. Propõe-se indicar esses problemas e examinar o tratamento que Platão dá ao nãoser como diferença.

La France a connu, dans la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle, près de quarante années de conflits civils et religieux, dans lesquels les femmes, toutes sortes de femmes, ont été très présentes. Comme cibles des crimes de guerre bien entendu, mais aussi comme comploteuses, comme espionnes, comme propagandistes, comme négociatrices des paix ­ et même comme combattantes, à la défense des villes ou des châteaux, « pique à la main ». Cette activité des femmes, que soulignent toutes les sources, s'explique (...) par divers phénomènes sociaux, politiques et culturels propres à la Renaissance ­ notamment la vigueur du débat sur le rapport des femmes au pouvoir (la dernière guerre civile ayant divisé partisans et détracteurs de la loi salique). Histoire patente, passionnante, et pourtant effacée : absente des livres d'Histoire, éradiquée de la mémoire des Français. C'est qu'elle touche à la guerre, à la paix, à la violence, à la vie de la cité : au cœur de la domination masculine. (shrink)

Bien qu’Alexandre Dumas l’ait représentée en train de donner des leçons (particulières) de grec au beau La Mole, Marguerite de Valois n’est plus connue pour être une intellectuelle. C’est l’une des évidences que le mythe de la Reine Margot a été chargé de recouvrir, avec un succès qu’on ne mesure pas puisque la réalité a disparu derrière lui. Sa vie montre en effet que, née dans un groupe social où les femmes étaient des mécènes, et à une époque où des (...) femmes très diverses avaient décidé d’investir la scène littéraire, elle a utilisé sa notoriété, ses moyens et sa très grande culture pour promouvoir des idées, aussi bien sur le plan politique que philosophique et littéraire, aussi bien par l’encouragement à la création que par l’écriture de plusieurs œuvres et la publication de certaines. L’entreprise de distorsion et d’effacement de cette mémoire était sans doute d’autant plus nécessaire que, comme bien des femmes de son époque moins en vue qu’elle-même, elle avait œuvré pour un monde mixte, dans un temps où la plupart des intellectuels travaillaient à organiser et à approfondir la partition des sexes. (shrink)

Based on a qualitative survey among 203 US workers active on the microwork platform Amazon Mechanical Turk, we analyze potential biases embedded in the institutional setting provided by on-demand crowdworking platforms and their effect on perceived workplace fairness. We explore the triadic relationship between employers, workers, and platform providers, focusing on the power of platform providers to design settings and processes that affect workers’ fairness perceptions. Our focus is on workers’ awareness of the new institutional setting, frames applied to the (...) mediating platform, and a differentiated analysis of distinct fairness dimensions. (shrink)