Reseña de Desafíos para una comunidad más allá de la humanidad editado por Diego Ticchione.

For more than seven decades there has been a broad gap between how philosophy is conceived and practiced. Two ill-defined but well-recognized traditions have developed—the "analytic" and "Continental" schools of philosophy. The former traces its roots to philosophers like Frege, Russell, Moore, Wittgenstein, and the logical positivists. The latter has been heavily influenced by Nietzsche, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Foucault, and Derrida, among others. The aim of this collection is to reconsider the often facile characterization of major thinkers as belonging to either (...) one or the other philosophical tradition. The contributors—philosophers from both sides of the divide working in different countries and contexts—all question the problematic conception that the two traditions are incommensurable. Each of their articles compares individual philosophers who have had a major influence on the analytic and Continental traditions with a view to clarifying their similarities and dissimilarities of approach. What this collection of thoughtful articles clearly demonstrates is that regardless of approach and precedents, analytic and Continental philosophers are all doing philosophy, and there are many important points of contact between them. The contributors are: Richard Rorty, whose thoughtful overview highlights the salient points in both traditions; Barry Allen ; Babette E. Babich ; David Cerbone ; Sharyn Clough ; Jonathan Kaplan ; Richard Matthews ; Carlos G. Prado ; Bjorn Torgrim Ramberg ; Mike Sandbothe ; Barry Stocker ; and Ed Witherspoon. (shrink)

In today's world, the corporate image of the largest companies is closely linked to their performance in the field of corporate social responsibility and the disclosure of information on that topic, specifically, on climate change. Since the Board of Directors is the body responsible for this process, the aim of this article is to show the role that companies' Boards of Directors play in the accountability process vis-à-vis stakeholders in relation to one specific aspect which has enormous significance in environmental (...) information: practices used to monitor greenhouse gas emissions. In order to achieve this, we shall verify certain business characteristics, in addition to the size and activity of the Board of Directors, and we shall take different dependence models into consideration. These models will include variables related to the level of independence and diversity of the Board of Directors, which interact with dummy variables representing the company's litigation risks regarding environmental behavior and the institutional macro-context of the organization's country of origin. The results make it clear that Boards of Directors are basically focused on the traditional responsibility of creating economic value, instead of dealing with today's broader business world concepts, which include social responsibility. This focus, therefore, does not favor the accountability process before other stakeholders, if this makes it more difficult to protect the interests of shareholders. (shrink)

Context: The emergency situation caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected different facets of society. Although much of the attention is focused on the health sector, other sectors such as education have also experienced profound transformations and impacts. This sector is usually highly affected by psychosocial risks, and this could be aggravated during the current health emergency. Psychosocial risks may cause health problems, lack of motivation, and a decrease of effectiveness at work, which in turn affect the quality of (...) teaching. Despite their importance, there are hardly any studies that analyze psychosocial risks of non-university teachers during a health emergency such as that caused by COVID-19. Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of COVID-19 and the psychosocial risks of non-university teachers comparing Spain and Mexico during the state of alarm caused by COVID-19. Methods Data were collected from 421 non-university teachers (80.2% women; 56.3% from Mexico, 43.7% from Spain) aged 24–60 ( M = 39.32, SD = 10.21) via a self-completed questionnaire during the pandemic from March to April 2020. Results Data analysis suggests that inequity is the most important risk, followed by work overload. Teachers appear to be moderately satisfied with the information on COVID-19 and the measures taken, while their satisfaction with the available resources is lower. When comparing the two countries, significant differences can be observed in every risk considered except for social support, with lower levels in Mexican teachers compared to Spanish ones. In the case of the perception of COVID-19 and its impact, the perception in general of levels of information, measures, and resources is better among Mexican teachers than among Spanish ones, who present higher scores of the impact of the health emergency. Conclusion The results underline the importance of the professional’s perception of resources during a health emergency, which could prevent to some extent burnout and possible alterations associated with it. The measures taken by the responsible entities and the provision of information do affect teachers not only directly but also indirectly by making them more vulnerable to psychosocial risks that could affect their health and professional performance, thus affecting students as well. (shrink)

This study presents a theory of causally complex configurations of antecedent conditions influencing the adoption versus non-adoption of international supplier ethical certification-standards. Using objective measures of antecedents and outcomes, a large-scale study of exporting firms in the cut-flower industry in two South American countries supports the theory. The theory includes the following and additional propositions. No single -antecedent condition is sufficient for accurately predicting a high membership score in outcome conditions; the outcome conditions include a firm’s adoption or rejection of (...) a product certification. No single -antecedent condition is necessary for accurately predicting high scores in the outcome condition. A few complex antecedent conditions are sufficient but the occurrence of each is not necessary for accurately predicting high scores in an outcome condition. Causal asymmetry of antecedent conditions indicating adoption versus non-adoption of specific ethical standards occurs—that is, causal conditions leading to rejection are not the mirror opposites of causal conditions leading to adoption. (shrink)

This book compares John Searle and Michel Foucault's radically opposed views on truth in order to demonstrate the need for invigorating cross-fertilization between the analytic and Continental philosophical traditions. By pressing beyond familiar clichés about analytic philosophy and postmodernism, a surprising convergence of Searle and Foucault's thought on truth emerge. The analytic impression of Foucault is of a radical relativist whose views on truth entail linguistic idealism. Searle himself has contributed to this impression through his aggressive critique of postmodern thinkers, (...) especially Derrida. Prado lays this misperception to rest, showing analytic philosophers that Foucault's ideas about truth are defensible and merit serious attention, while also demonstrating to Continental philosophers that Searle's cannot be ignored. (shrink)

The systemic complexity of sustainable development imposes a major cognitive challenge to students’ learning. Faculty can explore new approaches in the classroom to teach the topic successfully, including the use of technology. We conducted an experiment to compare the effectiveness of a simulation vis-à-vis a case-based method to teach sustainable development. We found that both pedagogical methods are effective for teaching this concept, although our results support the idea that simulations are slightly more effective than case studies, particularly to teach (...) its multidimensional and inter-temporal nature. Therefore, our findings suggest the use of both simulations and case studies as pedagogical tools to convey the main ideas associated with sustainable development. (shrink)

Bento Prado Júnior (1937-2007) foi um dos mais importantes nomes da filosofia feita no Brasil. AUtor de poucos livros mas de vasta produção ensaística, desenvolveu uma ampla reflexão sobre a figura contemporânea do sujeito, e sua originalidade sempre foi reconhecida por seus pares. EM seus últimos anos, o filósofo se dedicava à elaboração de uma trilogia da qual este livro seria o primeiro volume. ELa versaria sobre as relações entre teoria do sujeito (Ipseitas), teoria da ação (Actio) e teoria (...) estética (Contemplatio). INfelizmente, apenas o primeiro volume foi deixado em estado de manuscrito, não havendo indicações sobre os demais. O Leitor verá neste livro incompleto, editado e organizado por Vladimir Safatle, o movimento vivo de uma experiência de pensamento em plena operação. TOda sua escrita é marcada pela emergência de articulações surpreendentes e problemas transversais que indicam uma capacidade incomum de reconstruir questões e tensionar nossos conceitos hegemônicos de razão. PRova maior da maturidade da filosofia feita entre nós. (shrink)

PRADO, Patrícia Simone do. O Mundo nos nomeia : o fundamentalismo religioso no Islã e a categorização de uma identidade performativa. Dissertação (Mestrado) 2013. 148p. - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Belo Horizonte.

Se evaluó la efectividad de la aplicación en forma conjunta de las herramientas tecnológicas OVA y RA, en dos cursos de Química de primer año de carreras de ingeniería de dos universidades chilenas.Los resultados obtenidos, demostraron que el uso de esta tecnología fue positiva, ya que las pruebas estadísticas demostraron que el 85,7% y 94,6% de los alumnos de las universidades evaluadas mejoró su rendimiento.Los estudiantes en general no conocen estas herramientas para estudiar, pero se sienten muy cómodos en aplicarlas (...) al revisar los contenidos tratados en el curso de Química. (shrink)

In this book, C. G. Prado addresses the difficult question of when and whether it is rational to end one's life in order to escape devastating terminal illness. He specifically considers this question in light of the impact of multiculturalism on perceptions and judgements about what is right and wrong, permissible and impermissible. Prado introduces the idea of a 'coincidental culture' to clarify the variety of values and commitments that influence decision. He also introduces the idea of a (...) 'proxy premise' to deal with reasoning issues that are raised by intractably held beliefs. Primarily intended for medical ethicists, this book will be of interest to anyone concerned about the ability of modern medicine to keep people alive, thereby forcing people to choose between living and dying. In addition, Prado calls upon medical ethicists and practitioners to appreciate the value of a theoretical basis for their work. (shrink)

This book examines the reactions of the friends and family of those who elect to die due to terminal illness. These surviving spouses, partners, relatives, and friends, in addition to coping with the death of a loved one, must also deal with the loved one's decision to die, thus severing the relationship. C. G. Prado examines how reactions to elective death are influenced by cultural influences and beliefs, particularly those related to life, death, and the possibility of an afterlife. (...) Understanding the role of these cultural influences on the grieving processes of survivors is a crucial step in allowing them to accept both intellectually and emotionally the finality of elective death and to deal with the decision of their loved one. (shrink)

In this clear, straightforward introduction to Foucault's thought, Prado focuses on "Discipline and Punish" and the first volume of "The History of Sexuality, " in which Foucault most clearly comes to grips with the historicization of truth and knowledge and the formation of subjectivity. This sympathetic but critical introduction is especially suited for readers more familiar with Anglo-American philosophy than with Continental.

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:154. 1 HUME AND THE GOD-HYPOTHESIS Interpretation of Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion has always been contentious. While some think it obvious that Philo is Hume's spokesman, others think it is Cleanthes. Whether or not Philo is Hume's spokesman, he certainly produces the better argument. Nonetheless, that argument is flawed by an assumption which I doubt Hume ever questioned. I want to consider that assumption, but want to make (...) it clear that it is not my intention to defend Cleanthes' position. The second thing I want to do in this paper, which I have not seen done elsewhere, is to connect Hume's arguments in the Dialogues with his anthropological account of religiosity. Perhaps the least contentious thing about the Dialogues is that Demea's a priori position is not taken too seriously, nor is much time spent on the first cause argument, so important from Aristotle to Leibniz. What is given serious attention is what might be described as the 'God-hypothesis', which is more or less the Argument from Design. Philo rejects the argument for reasons we shall review below, but makes a concession. The concession is basically that it is intelligible to contend that the cause or causes of order in the world bear some resemblance to human intelligence. The catch, which is the point driven home against Cleanthes, is that, while intelligible, the idea is utterly pointless. Philo says: If the whole of Natural Theology... resolves itself into one simple...proposition, That_ the cause or causes of order in the universe probably bear some remote analogy to human intelligence : If this proposition be not capable of extension...If it affords no inference that affects human life... if the analogy... can be carried no farther... (203) then it is without point. Hume is willing to let the theist have his vague analogy, for it serves no point. In fact, the theist cannot 155. win, for to the extent that the God-hypothesis might have explanatory power, it approaches the status of an empirical hypothesis, and as such loses theological import. The Dialogues should be devastating, yet seem to miss the mark. Suppose we look a bit more closely at what is going on. The position Cleanthes elaborates is an hypothesis to the effect that the world exhibits order and that that order is best explained by the postulation of an orderer. Cleanthes' moves are a bit more complicated, as we shall see in a moment, but this is the essential point. The hypothesis is conceived by Hume as either competing with or completing science. In the Enquiry we read that The religious hypothesis...must be considered only as a particular method of accounting for the visible phenomena of the universe : but no.just reasoner will ever presume to infer from it any single fact, and alter or add to the phenomena, in any single particular. (237) The passage is virtually a summary of Philo's thesis. There can be no move from an inferred cause to anything further in terms of either facts or properties. Cleanthes may be grudgingly granted his causal supposition, but he is not allowed to use it. Again: And what can you say more, allowing all your suppositions and reasonings?... (0)ur conduct and deportment in life is still the same... You persist in imagining, that, if we grant that divine existence,...you may safely infer consequences from it... You seem not to remember, that all your reasonings... can only be drawn from effects to causes... (238) The crucial failure is that All the philosophy...and all the religion... will never be able to carry us beyond the usual cause of experience, or give us measures of conduct and behaviour different from those which are furnished by reflections on common life. (244) God, as putative cause simply makes no difference, so long as we conform to the standards of rational thought. 156. It is important to be clear that what is being rejected is God as "a fruitful rival to scientific explanatory notions, such as gravity". The rejection of God as explanatory principle turns on the illegitimacy of Cleanthes' moves. As Peter Jones puts it, Cleanthes makes two inferences... (shrink)

Book Information Truth and Truthfulness: An Essay in Genealogy. Truth and Truthfulness: An Essay in Genealogy Bernard Williams , Princeton : Princeton University Press , 2002 , 328 , US$27.95 ( cloth ) By Bernard Williams. Princeton University Press. Princeton. Pp. 328. US$27.95 (cloth:).

Homologous recombination (HR) is required to protect and restart stressed replication forks. Paradoxically, the Mrc1 branch of the S phase checkpoints, which is activated by replicative stress, prevents HR repair at breaks and arrested forks. Indeed, the mechanisms underlying HR can threaten genome integrity if not properly regulated. Thus, understanding how cells avoid genetic instability associated with replicative stress, a hallmark of cancer, is still a challenge. Here I discuss recent results that support a model by which HR responds to (...) replication stress through replicative and repair activities that operate at different stages of the cell cycle (S and G2, respectively) and in distinct subnuclear structures. Remarkably, the replication checkpoint appears to control this scenario by inhibiting the assembly of HR repair centers at stressed forks during S phase, thereby avoiding genetic instability. (shrink)

en este artículo la imaginación es el concepto clave para identificar la evolución epistemológica del hombre natural. A través de la primacía del sentimiento de placer se va a exponer, en tres momentos, el desarrollo de las facultades mentales en donde, primero, predomina una imaginación pictórica individual que refiere el placer a los objetos de la sensibilidad y utiliza la razón calculadora para asegurárselos de forma continua. Segundo, su paso hacia una imaginación pictórica mediada por un poder capaz de reunir (...) a los hombres e imponerse, que refiere el placer hacia una realidad de signos y comportamientos comunes. Por último, la inmediatez del sentimiento de placer de la imaginación pictórica es subordinada al placer derivado de la creación de símbolos significativos lingüísticos y se ciñe a ellos. (shrink)

I argue that if there are nondisabled reasons to believep, then there cannot be nondisabled reasons to believe something incompatible withp. I first defend a restricted version of the view, which applies only to situations where the relevant agent has complete evidence. Then, I argue for a generalized version of the view, which holds regardless of the agent's evidence. As a related result, I show that, given plausible assumptions, there cannot be nondisabled reasons to believe something false.

Matching bias refers to the non-normative performance that occurs when elements mentioned in a rule do not correspond with those in a test item. One aim of the present work is to capture matching bias via reaction times as participants carry out truth-table evaluation tasks. Experiment 1 requires participants to verify conditional rules, and Experiment 2 to falsify them as the paradigm employs four types of conditional sentences that systematically rotate negatives in the antecedent and consequent; and presents predominantly cases (...) having true antecedents. These experiments reveal that mismatching is linked to higher rates of incorrect responses and slower evaluation times. A second aim is to investigate the way not is processed. We compare a narrow view of negations, which argues that negation only denies information, to a search for alternatives view, which says that negations function to prime appropriate alternatives. Findings from both experiments support a narrow reading view. (shrink)

Concern with elective-death decisions usually focuses on individuals' competence and understanding of their situations and prospects. If problematic influences on individuals are considered, they almost invariably have to do with matters such as depression and the effects of medication. Too little attention is paid to how individuals, as subjects, are products of both external cultural and social influences on them, and of internal efforts and needs that determine their subjectivity.

O presente trabalho pretende dar forma à ideia de cisheteronormatividade, a partir de conceitos de teóricos de gênero e sexualidade que apresentam a normatividade como heteronormatividade e cisnormatividade ou cissexismo, convertendo tais conceitos, até então distintos, em conjunto delimitado e único, que oprime e marginaliza sujeitos inadequados à cisheteronorma. Corroborando tal pressuposto - da cisheteronorma como força única e não separadamente como heteronormatividade e cissexismo - será feita uma leitura cruzada com o conceito de “instituições totais”, instituições disciplinares que têm (...) como principal objetivo a modelagem da subjetividade dos indivíduos que nela vivem, comparando ações de violência (que se supõem corretivas) contra a comunidade LGBT com ações de reforço e punições presentes nas instituições totais caracterizadas por Goffman na obra Manicômios, prisões e conventos (1961). Dessa forma, a sociedade pode ser globalmente compreendida como uma instituição total que tem como objetivo a modelagem da subjetividade dos corpos para que estes naturalizem identidades cisgêneras e heterossexuais, através de esquemas de reforços e punições bem delimitados, tais quais as instituições estudadas por Goffman. (shrink)

My objective here is to sketch a proposal against the many who insist on reading Rorty as arguing within traditional philosophy, in spite of his contentions to the contrary. I want to suggest that Rorty should be read as importantly outside the philosophical tradition and as an external critic. My proposal turns on roughing out how Rorty's brand of prag- matism differs from more familiar sorts.

Defenderé que es necesario derrotar los argumentos de la primacía de la perspectiva de la primera persona en la epistemología del desacuerdo si se quiere preservar la equivalencia epistémica requerida para evaluar apropiadamente el disenso entre pares. Lo anterior involucra argumentar por qué estos argumentos quiebran dicha equivalencia. En segundo lugar, justificaré la relevancia de esta simetría para el análisis epistemológico del desacuerdo. En tercer lugar, argumentaré que preservar la equivalencia epistémica en casos idealizados de desacuerdo no implica adoptar necesariamente (...) una postura conciliacionista, pues es posible formular una postura no conformista sin quebrar dicha equivalencia a partir de la distinción entre aceptación y creencia. (shrink)

Em sua obra magna, O mundo como vontade e representação, Arthur Schopenhauer entende a sua filosofia como um sistema orgânico e afirma que o mundo é vontade e aparece como representação, ou seja, tudo é vontade e, por conseguinte, manifestação da vontade. De modo especial, o autor define uma das formas mais penetrantes da vontade, assim chamada de Vontade de vida, entendida como uma força obscura e cega; um impulso terrível e dramático, que move os indivíduos de forma dolorosa e (...) brutal. Este desejo extremamente rude e irrefletido é condicionado pelo instinto de conservação. Um dos problemas a ser ressaltado é de que existe uma condição existencial relacionada a vida humana que é o sofrimento humano e a espécie humana seria a mais suscetível ao sofrimento. A vida é um perpétuo combate e cada indivíduo é apenas um instrumento da vontade que luta para impor o que parece necessário, já que todo o querer nasce de uma necessidade. Em todos os graus de objetivação da vontade, existe necessariamente uma luta contínua entre os indivíduos de todas as espécies. O ponto de partida de toda luta está no egoísmo, representado na figura de Éris. Em virtude de a essência íntima da natureza, a Vontade de vida, ter como expressão máxima o impulso sexual. Os poetas e filósofos antigos, dentre eles Hesíodo, Parmênides, Péricles, Aristóteles, afirmaram que Eros seria o primeiro, o criador, o princípio do qual provêm todas as coisas. A natureza, cuja essência íntima é a Vontade de vida, compele com todas as forças o homem e o animal para a propagação da espécie. Tal vontade de vida, preocupa-se exclusivamente com a conservação da espécie e, neste caso, o indivíduo pode ser considerado em vão. (shrink)

La mayoría de las épocas histórico-artísticas han adquirido su denominación en tiempos recientes. La época comprendida entre el siglo XVII y la primera mitad del XVIII terminó siendo bautizada por Heinrich Wölfflin como Barroco, aunque el concepto ya existía previamente con otras acepciones y no como estilo. A partir de las obras del escritor suizo Renacimiento y Barroco (1888) y de Conceptos fundamentales de la historia del arte (1915) el concepto comenzó a adquirir unas dimensiones insospechadas hasta el punto de (...) que a nuestra época se la ha denominado neobarroco, por las analogías con aquélla. En el presente trabajo voy a utilizar el concepto de barroco como un instrumento de corte, ante todo, estético y estilístico que, al mismo tiempo, va unido a cuestiones epocales y anímicas con objeto de analizar determinadas propuestas artísticas en diferentes campos, como la pintura y la música, mostrando que la proyección del concepto abarca ámbitos de la realidad de gran eficacia hermenéutica. (shrink)

Este texto é uma interpretação do primeiro capítulo d’O Anti-Édipo, de Deleuze e Guattari, mais como uma escrita do que como uma leitura. Ou seja, não há aqui intenção de descobrir uma verdade escondida para um texto que, de início, se propõe um “processo esquizofrênico”. De todo modo, divido esta minha escrita em quatro momentos: primeiramente, com uma análise do filme Incêndios (2010), tentando mostrar como um enredo aparentemente edipiano (no sentido psicanalítico) é muito mais rico que o Édipo; em (...) segundo lugar, com uma exposição das três sínteses maquínico-desejantes, ou do inconsciente, desenvolvidas por Deleuze e Guattari; em terceiro lugar, com uma apresentação da ofensiva promovida pela “psiquiatria materialista” deleuzeguattariana em relação a certos autores psicanalistas como Reich, Lacan e Melanie Klein; por fim, com um aprofundamento das questões éticas e teóricas implicadas neste primeiro capítulo do livro, sobretudo aquelas ligadas ao projeto geral da obra: uma crítica econômico-libidinal do capitalismo, tendo em conta seus aspectos “esquizofrênicos” e mostrando a contribuição inestimável da psicanálise para este mesmo sistema econômico-libidinal. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe relacionar as filosofias da história de Kant e de Hegel às bases do pensamento de Foucault, em História da loucura na idade clássica. Buscamos reconhecer, não indícios de uma história cosmopolita ou universal, mas em que medida o pensamento crítico e a filosofia como ciência das essências puras comparecem na inteligibilidade histórica de Foucault. A reunião de uma diversidade de experiências sob o conceito de desatino , fio condutor da obra, sugere uma proximidade com a tradição. Por (...) outro lado, a falta de um critério intrínseco, o qual justifique a referência de tal multiplicidade à alcunha da loucura, faz com que o fio condutor se restrinja a um aspecto negativo e que, positivamente, Foucault estabeleça para seu trabalho um primado empírico, na forma de uma constelação de imagens. O procedimento de História da loucura, que, junto ao interesse pela desrazão, inaugura o privilégio dado pelo filósofo francês à análise das descontinuidades nos leva a reconhecer a razão com base nos casos que solapam aos seus limites, às essências por ela própria discernidas, e com base nas práticas por ela promovidas e justificadas. This article proposes to relate Kant's and Hegel's philosophy of history to the basis of Foucault's History of Madness in the Classical Age. We are not attempting to recognize the presence of a cosmopolitan or universal history, but trying to understand how critical thinking and philosophy as the science of pure essences appear in Foucault's historical intelligibility. The challenge of bringing together a diversity of experiences under the concept of unreason , which is the common thread of the book, suggests an attachment to tradition. However, the absence of an intrinsic criterion justifying the reference of that multiplicity to madness motivates a negative aspect to that concept and, positively, makes Foucault establish for his work an empirical primacy, in the form of a constellation of images. The procedure of the History of Madness that, with its interest in unreason, inaugurates the privilege given by the French philosopher to the analysis of discontinuities, leads us to recognize reason based on cases that escape its limits and the essences discerned by itself. (shrink)

ABSTRACT As a reverse effect of constraining interpretation and limiting itself to the moral ordering of commerce defended by Aquinas, the Summa Theologica both motivated the enrichment of the Christian imaginary in narratives like Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy and Geoffrey Chaucer’s work, The Canterbury Tales. In the case of the Divine Comedy, it expanded the reflection on the categories of sinners related to money, and as regards The Canterbury Tales, it provided support for the construction of anti-models in some of (...) the framed narrative types of misers, simoniacs, and fraudsters. This article aims to present Aquinas’ instructions regarding the uses of money, juxtaposing, at times, with literary texts. For this purpose, biblical passages, commentators of the Catholic tradition Bible, and texts from economists are brought in as the Summa Theologica is analyzed. Theoretical thinkers of Christian thought, such as Augustine and Boethius, and economic thought, such as Molina and Robbins, have been used. (shrink)

La institucionalización de las Guardias Nacionales en América Latina durante el siglo xix formó parte de aquellas políticas republicanas tendientes a la construcción del monopolio de la fuerza. El presente artículo indaga este proceso en las denominadas provincias del Cauca, en el actual suroccidente colombiano. Su estudio es un pretexto para observar cómo la norma o la ley se vuelven realidad siempre sujetas a diversas contingencias, en las cuales la sociedad, en donde el Estado pretende fundar un orden, impacta y (...) modela el desenvolvimiento de todas las instituciones estatales. En este sentido, se muestra cómo el proceso de conformación de las milicias en la región estuvo determinado por diversos factores y cómo, en su funcionamiento, los entramados locales de poder jugaron un papel definitivo. (shrink)

El propósito de esta investigación radica en determinar el rol unificador entre estado de naturaleza y Estado civil de la representación desarrollado en el capítulo XVI del Leviatán. La representación es un momento de transición entre estado natural y Estado civil: donde lo simbólico toma el lugar de la racionalidad práctica y se sedimenta como lo real para los hombres. Es por la capacidad de crear personas artificiales que los hombres pueden atribuir libremente predicados a cosas que no los tienen (...) realmente y, además de donar su cuerpo físico, pueden crear la persona del Estado, el Leviatán; asumir la soberanía y la sujeción y recrear la subjetividad humana políticamente. (shrink)

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é aperfeiçoar heurísticas para o discurso das notícias por meio do desenvolvimento de um modelo cognitivo de abstração, em contextos de mídia social. Para tal, discute-se a notícia como gênero, estrutura e metalinguagem, partindo da noção formal de modo semiótico. A anotação sob essa visada é uma tecnologia bem-sucedida para controlar os efeitos das restrições de gênero, revelar relações e inquirir sobre dados e documentos. Procede-se à anotação da notícia na interface do Twitter, caracterizada em (...) termos de suas regularidades formais e materiais empregadas recursivamente. Demonstra-se a formalização de uma semântica para o discurso da notícia nas chamadas formas lógicas, adaptada de ferramentas desenvolvidas pela Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT), a fim de construir novas hipóteses sobre coerência em diferentes níveis de detalhe. Por fim, discute-se a implicação desta abordagem como disciplina na produção de conhecimento transversal com vistas à literacia digital, em tempos urgentes1. (shrink)

El presente trabajo argumenta la semejanza del papel dialógico entre Platón y Hans-Georg Gadamer como punto fundante de la actividad del filósofo y como punto de desencuentro entre la dialéctica y la retórica antigua, y entre la dialéctica y la hermenéutica contemporánea. Al contrario, se analiza su diferencia para exponer el papel anticrítico de la dialéctica que caracteriza la obra de Verdad y Método y reafirma la función enunciativa de la texné en relación con la situación dialogal entre el lector (...) y un texto. (shrink)

Este trabajo estudia el concepto de “lo sublime” en la cultura barroca, con el objetivo de demostrar que, aunque no fue teorizado sistemáticamente hasta el siglo XVIII, este cobró durante el siglo XVII una centralidad y, sobre todo, un significado filosófico semejantes a los que se impondrían posteriormente y que, según veremos, está estrechamente ligado con el concepto de “nihilismo”.

This paper discusses practical akrasia from the perspective of the sophisticated form of moral subjectivism that can be derived from Nuno Venturinha’s remarks on moral matters.