Jamin Asay’s A Theory of Truthmaking is one of the most important books on truthmaking, full of important ideas from beginning to end. One of the most interesting parts of the book is Asay's attack on the explanation-first truthmaking. Explanation-first truthmaking is the explanatory project of explaining why truths are true. This is in contrast with ontology-first truthmaking, the project defended by Asay, and which is the project of answering the fundamental ontological question “What is there?”. Asay thinks explanation-first truthmaking (...) should be abandoned because it is problematic and it offers no benefits over those of ontology-first truthmaking. In this brief paper, I argue that he has not established the problematicity of explanation-first truthmaking, and that explanation-first truthmaking offers benefits over ontology-first truthmaking. (shrink)

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey en el período comprendido entre septiembre del 2011 y marzo del 2012 con el objetivo de caracterizar el desarrollo de las habilidades de razonamiento clínico en los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina. La muestra fue de 14 profesores de la disciplina de Medicina Interna y 110 estudiantes que terminaron recientemente el tercer año de la carrera de Medicina. La información fue recogida a través de una (...) entrevista a profundidad a informantes claves, un grupo focal con profesores del colectivo de la asignatura de Medicina Interna; además se encuestaron a través de un cuestionario con preguntas mixtas a la muestra de estudiantes seleccionada. Los profesores y alumnos coinciden en que hay deficiencias en el aprovechamiento del fondo de tiempo en la educación en el trabajo para el desarrollo de las habilidades de razonamiento clínico, así como insuficiencias en la orientación y evaluación de la actividad. A transverse descriptive study was conducted at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Camagüey in the period between September 2011 and March 2012 with the aim of characterizing the development of the skills of clinical reasoning in medical students. The sample was composed by 14 teachers in the disciplines of Internal Medicine and 110 students who recently completed the third year of Medicine. The information was collected through an in-depth interview with key informants, a focus group with professors of the course of Internal Medicine;the sample of students selected was alsosurveyed through a questionnaire with mixed questions. Teachers and students agree that there are deficiencies in the use of the amount of time in education at work for the development of skills in clinical reasoning, as well as inadequacies in guidance and evaluation of the activity. (shrink)

Integrated approaches in the ethical decision-making (EDM) and practically wise decision-making literature are emerging as alternative perspectives to management theories that conceptualize decision-making in a rationalist and value-free manner. However, more dialogue between both perspectives and qualitative research that applies them is required. In addition, there is a need for empirical analysis on business engagement in the face of grand challenges in developing countries. This paper proposes an integrated practically wise EDM framework to study how Colombian councilors who, in 2013, (...) voted for or against the merger between the Colombian state-owned company UNE and the Swedish multinational Millicom interpret this decision and its public impact. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with a voluntary sample of 18 of 21 councilors. Supporters of the UNE-Millicom merger expressed open-mindedness, seeing the merger as a means to achieve justice. On the contrary, the merger’s opponents expressed circumspection, doubting that Millicom’s intentions really leaned toward justice. We conclude that practical wisdom—embodied by both supporters and detractors—fosters an understanding of EDM beyond what leaders should not do. It also includes a democratic and balanced deliberation on what leaders think they should do to promote the common good. (shrink)

This book offers a systematized overview of Ian Hacking's work. It presents Hacking’s oeuvre as a network made up of four interconnected key nodes: styles of scientific thinking & doing, probability, making up people, and experimentation and scientific realism. Its central claim is that Michel Foucault’s influence is the underlying thread that runs across the Canadian philosopher’s oeuvre. Foucault’s imprint on Hacking’s work is usually mentioned in relation to styles of scientific reasoning and the human sciences. This research shows that (...) Foucault’s influence can in fact be extended beyond these fields, insofar the underlying interest to the whole corpus of Hacking’s works, namely the analysis of conditions of possibility, is stimulated by the work of the French philosopher. Displacing scientific realism as the central focus of Ian Hacking’s oeuvre opens up a very different landscape, showing, behind the apparent dispersion of his works, the far-reaching interest that amalgamates them: to reveal the historical and situated conditions of possibility for the emergence of scientific objects and concepts. This book shows how Hacking’s deployment concepts such as looping effect, making up people, and interactive kinds, can complement Foucauldian analyses, offering an overarching perspective that can provide a better explanation of the objects of the human sciences and their behaviors. (shrink)

The Philippine educational system and its core curriculum is oriented toward the formation of the modern, autonomous, rational subject, particularly one that will fit into the contemporary global market and production system. Through this system, Filipinos are deepening the colonization of their rationalities and subjectivities by imposing a system that shapes a subject who exists to serve the global market by being a fit worker, consumer, entrepreneur, and producer of knowledge. However useful this educational system may be, it does not (...) consider the ‘Filipino’ subjectivity’s need for formation as a loob who is a kapwa. The Filipino subjectivity which is grounded on the experience of a loob filled with liwanag opening to the world, needs an education in its own capacity for knowing and realizing its well-being. The conception of the subject in relation to the world calls for a different kind of education, particularly in the development of indigenous skills in humanistic research. This paper will argue that as a Filipino student is subjected to the imposition of the dominant Western educational system, they should also equally be given an education in their own rationality rooted in their own native subjectivity. A people must have the opportunity to be trained in their own rationality rooted in their own subjectivity in order to evaluate its value for human flourishing. (shrink)

In the context of the end of life, many authors point out how the experience of identity is crucial for the well-being of patients with advanced disease. They define this identity in terms of autonomy, control, or dependence, associating these concepts with the sense of personal dignity. From the perspective of the phenomenology of embodiment, Kay Toombs and other authors have investigated the ways disease can impact on the subjective world of patients and have stressed that a consideration of this (...) personal world can promote understanding and recognition of their experience. Based on the findings of qualitative studies of the perception of dignity and autonomy in patients at the end of life, this analysis assesses concepts such as being-in-the-world in illness, embodiment, lived body versus objective body or the gaze of the other from a Toombsian phenomenological perspective. (shrink)

In this paper I reconstruct Leibniz's argument for the Identity of Indiscernibles in his *Primary Truths*. I criticise the alternative interpretation put forward by Cover and O'Leary-Hawthorne and defend my own interpretation, both on philosophical and hermeneutical grounds.

Las emociones son sin duda un campo de creciente interés y estudio. Sin embargo, son experiencias complejas que incluyen diferentes problemas. Precisamente esta variedad de perspectivas exige mantener el equilibrio de los enfoques y, sobre todo, su orden. La fenomenología ilumina ese orden mediante la descripción de las experiencias emotivas.

Christine de Pizan da vida a su gobernante ideal a partir de la tradición medieval del aristotelismo político y su noción de lo “arquitectónico”. Construido a modo de una arquitectura viviente de ciencias, el rey sabio aparece dominando la paleta de saberes, que va desde la episteme hasta los conocimientos más prácticos. Teoría y práctica se encuentran, así, en la base de su construcción de lo político. Pero ¿en qué medida la autora se consagra a brindar una explicación del pasaje (...) de las ciencias, sobre todo, aquel que va de las especulativas al registro práctico de la ciencia política? Si el rey se distingue por ser un sabio al tiempo que un experto en las diversas ciencias, cabe preguntarse si acaso la autora teoriza sobre dicho pasaje de lo teórico a lo práctico que constituye la esencia de su pensamiento. ¿Cuál es el canal para volcar la episteme al servicio del Estado? Al respecto, sostengo la hipótesis de que tanto la prudencia como el entendimiento o intelecto parecen ser los dos componentes de la sabiduría perfecta que la escritora aúna en una perfecta díada; operación, esta, que le permite explicar el pasaje de todas las ciencias al plano de lo contingente. ¿Acaso no es, gracias a esta operación, que el rey sabio de Christine de Pizan aparece como el intelecto supremo de la comunidad política, encarnada en el reino de Francia? ¿No son las ciencias, de este modo, redituables en servicio del Estado? (shrink)

Injustices in legal contexts are widespread, yet we usually tend to think of them through a social lens. The study of epistemic injustices increases the resolution of this lens; it identifies how we wrong others as "knowers." In this paper, I propose that the tradition of phenomenology may be invoked to describe and identify instances of epistemic injustice in legal contexts. In order to justify this claim, I establish a phenomenological methodology predicated on the synthesis of two ideas: (1) the (...) phenomenological recognition of the Other, and (2) society's duty to endow its members with an epistemic sphere of action. (shrink)

La técnica no es un fenómeno más de nuestra época, sino que ha llegado a convertirse en la figura metafísica que la define. El estudio analiza el alcance de esta tesis planteada por Jaspers y Heidegger. Para ello ofrecemos, en un primer momento, una tematización del elemento innovador que caracteriza a la técnica moderna respecto de épocas anteriores, atendiendo especialmente a su carácter totalizador y a la inversión antropológica que supone. A continuación, discutiremos algunas de las consecuencias antropológicas del estatuto (...) ontológico de la técnica. Un fenómeno sin precedentes en la historia de la humanidad, por cuanto la técnica ha dejado de ser un medio o instrumento al servicio de las necesidades y fines humanos para convertirse en un fenómeno capaz de producirlos, estableciendo posibilidades de sentido. Una inversión onto-antropológica que provoca una alienación de la existencia misma. (shrink)

Increased awareness of neurodiverse conditions has necessitated reexamination of neurodiversity in relation to societal norms and material conditions. ‘Neuro-neutrality’, as proposed by de Vries (2...

Let G be a group with a metric invariant under left and right translations, and let ????r be the ball of radius r around the identity. A (k,r)-metric approximate subgroup is a symmetric subset X of G...

The process of democratic consolidation in Mexico has not resolved the issues of trust in public institutions due to the lack of mechanisms to implement public policies related to transparency and accountability. Municipal governments have struggled to meet transparency and accountability obligations due to the heterogeneity in their demographic, economic, cultural, and institutional composition. In the case of Sonora, most municipalities have faced difficulties in fulfilling these basic information obligations on their portals and assuming responsibility for the management of resources. (...) The aim of this study is to explain the main factors that have hindered the fulfillment of these transparency and accountability obligations in the municipalities of the state of Sonora and to analyze the institutional instruments involved. This research reveals findings on the relationship between transparency and accountability policies and the municipal institutional design, and how the latter has represented an obstacle for the efficient implementation of these policies in Sonora’s municipalities. (shrink)

This paper refers to the connection between the metaphysical duality of ground and existence and inner dynamic of the particular will of man. We will analyse how the metaphysical monism, which Schelling attributes to Spinoza and later to Hegel, is responsible for the abolition of the freedom of the human individual, because it does not account for the existence of evil, and consequently reduces it to the existence of a higher order reference system that over and predetermines the individual (1). (...) We will first scrutinise the principles of separation and union, ground and understanding from the human point of view, namely as the will of ground and love, as particular and universal will (2). The will of man reveals itself as the culmination and model of the will that permeates nature, an essential aspect of the process of God’s revelation and becoming. The link between the principles of separation and union shows us the difference that Schellingian thought establishes between man and God, the real and the ideal. While God, or the purely ideal principle, precedes the separation in a logical-ontological sense, the will of man remains always in an indissoluble tension between the principles, since it is unable to overcome the opposition between good and evil that is characteristic of freedom. The good remains one of the results of human freedom and thus of the particular will of man. The good lies for Schelling not in the simple actualization of the general, but in the moment ineradicable particularity needed for the attainment of a real and effective principle (3). It is to this insurmountability of the particular will in the process of the constitution of man that our proposal of Schelling’s libertarian anarchism refers. The connection of this thesis with the critique of the State is also discussed (4). (shrink)

In 1821, John Bowring published, probably with only his own additions, a manuscript of Bentham's under the title of Observations on the restrictive and prohibitory commercial system: especially with a reference to the Decree of the Spanish Cortes of July 1820. It seems likely that Bentham's text was originally conceived as an appendix to a work that Bentham never published, ‘Rid Yourselves of Ultramaria’, a commentary on Spanish colonization.

Lorraine Daston ha señalado la influencia que The emergence of probability de Ian Hacking ha tenido en su trayectoria intelectual y en su elección de la etiqueta epistemología histórica para describir su trabajo. Hacking, por su parte, ha respondido a estos señalamientos que, en primer lugar, Daston y sus colegas no hacen epistemología, sino que más bien estudian conceptos epistemológicos como objetos que evolucionan y mutan; en segundo lugar, que su trabajo sobre la probabilidad no es epistemología histórica sino, en (...) todo caso, lo que él llama metaepistemología histórica o, mejor aún, ontología histórica. En el presente trabajo, analizo en qué forma entienden Daston y Hacking el tipo de investigación que denominan respectivamente epistemología y metaepistemología histórica, y exploro sus convergencias y divergencias con el fin de establecer posibles relaciones, intereses y antecedentes compartidos. Por último, sostengo que la obra de Hacking puede ser visualizada como resultado de investigaciones que caracterizan a la epistemología histórica, como consecuencia de su interés, estimulado por la lectura de Michel Foucault, en el análisis de las condiciones históricas de posibilidad para la emergencia de conceptos y objetos científicos. (shrink)

La Revolución Francesa alteró profunda mente la vida europea y su influencia no tardó en llegar a América. Muy pronto surgieron frente a ella posturas que se oponían a sus postulados ideológicos y políticos. Dos de estas posturas llaman la atención: la de Edmund Burke y la de Joseph de Maistre. Ambas reacciones cuestionan la Revolución desde una perspectiva conservadora, pero toman caminos diferentes. La de Burke dará origen a un conservadurismo posibilista y procedimental, compatible con el liberalismo, mientras que (...) la de De Maistre inicia una tradición conservadora contrarrevolucionaria y maximalista que derivará en el integrismo. (shrink)

The reclamation of the body in cognitive psychology and philosophy of mind has been united with that of intersubjectivity in the so-called second-person perspective. The ontogenetic precedence of this view does not, however, entail disaffirmation of the competing theories, which is why it is necessary to clarify how the three can coexist in explaining different cases of mental attribution. Along with this, it has become a matter of debate whether the understanding of the facial expression of the other is in (...) origine by direct perception or corresponds to a semiotic process. The text addresses both questions and makes a case for a primitive, non-semiotic perception of emotion in the face and body of other people. The text addresses both questions and makes a case for a primitive, non-semiotic perception of emotion in the face and body of other people, which would later be the object of a semiotization when the -originally inseparable- expression-emotion complex splits into parts as a result of the interruption of direct affective-bodily contact in adult-baby interactions. (shrink)

Tomando como hilo conductor el tema de la comunidad, el siguiente trabajo intenta reconstruir el itinerario intelectual conjunto que llevó a Friedrich Hölderlin y Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel a postular las bases del idealismo especulativo. A partir de la comparación de las fuentes y textos de ambos autores durante el período que va de 1794 a 1799, el trabajo precisará el origen y el uso de algunos términos compartidos, así como también la relevancia que tuvieron los mismos para la realización (...) de su proyecto conjunto. Finalmente, intentaremos mostrar de qué modo muchas de las ideas presentadas por Hölderlin en las diversas versiones de su Hiperión repercutieron en los trabajos de Hegel. (shrink)

La conceptualización del saber artesanal es compleja y requiere del reconocimiento epistemológico dentro del contexto sociocultural y económico en el que opera lo artesanal, donde es necesario resaltar el valor ancestral, pues, dentro del aprendizaje hay una transferencia de conocimiento tradicional cuando no hay una ruptura en la producción de sentido que se constituye.Por ello, esta investigación busca, por medio de un documental, visibilizar la labor que cumplen los artesanos y cesteros del municipio de Tocaima, Cundinamarca, logrando construir un espacio (...) de integración y capacitación donde sean los cesteros quienes se beneficien y logren transmitir los saberes de la cestería. (shrink)

This volume offers novel and provocative insights into vulnerability and exclusion, two concepts crucial for the understanding of contemporary political agency. In twelve critical essays, the contributors explore the dense theoretical content, complex histories and conceptual intersection of vulnerability and exclusion. A rich array of topics are covered as the volume searches for the ways that vulnerable and excluded groups relate to each other, where the boundary between the excluded and the included arises, and what the stakes of ‘invulnerability’ might (...) be. Drawing on the works of Hegel, Helmuth Plessner and Hannah Arendt to situate the project in a solid historical context, the volume likewise tackles pressing and contemporary issues such as the state of human capital under neoliberalism, the flawed nature of democracy itself, and the vulnerability inherent in extreme precarity, extreme violence, and interdependence. The contributions come from philosophers with a range of backgrounds in social philosophy and critical social sciences, who use related conceptual tools to tackle the political challenges of the 21st century. Together, they present a ground-breaking overview of the main challenges which social exclusion presents to contemporary global societies. (shrink)

La historia de las ideas en Latinoamérica sigue siendo un campo fértil de indagaciones. Entre otras cosas porque en sus narraciones se ponen de manifiesto diversos proyectos de verdad. Uno de los propósitos que persigue este trabajo consiste en distinguir los principales tenores que han caracterizado a una interlocución plural y abierta de propuestas que gravitan alrededor de la pregunta de ¿cómo significar y construir una praxis sobre el pensamiento filosófico en Latinoamérica? En la marcha y al hilo de una (...) reconstrucción histórica de la problemática enunciada, se plantea que una de las propiedades que entrañan a este proyecto de filosofía es la pluralidad; se trata de una polifonía de voces que dialoga, diverge y polemiza con las corrientes filosóficas provenientes de las tradiciones europeas. (shrink)

The concept of "ethical community", present in the third section of Kant's Religion within the Limits of Mere Reason, constitutes a central motif for understanding the genesis of Hegel's thought in the Berne and Frankfurt periods (1794-1800). The main hypothesis of the paper proposes that the Hegelian idea of the "kingdom of God", contained in the writings of that period, results from the reinterpretation of that Kantian concept. The demonstration of this thesis will be based on the exegesis of selected (...) passages from the sources. (shrink)

Since 1968, the irreversible loss of functioning of the whole brain, called brain death, is assimilated to individual’s death. The almost universal acceptance of this neurological criterion of death had decisive consequences for the contemporary medicine, such as the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in these patients and organ retrieval for transplantation. The new criterion was successfully accepted in part because the assimilation of brain death state to death was presented by medicine --and acritically assumed by most of societies-- as a (...) scientific and objective fact. Nevertheless, many people do not think that the patients suffering brain death are actually dead. We show here that those people are not necessarily wrong. It can be argued that, in fact, the justification of the neurological criterion is not scientific but moral. We outline the thesis that the problem surrounding the vital status of brain dead patients is due to a confusion between factual and normative questions. Furthermore, we claim that the donation of organs and the withdrawal of life-support could be ethically acceptable even if the patients suffering brain death are considered as alive. As an alternative to the dead donor rule, we propose a justification for organ donation of brain-dead patients based on the (moral) concepts of harm and consent : what truly justifies the procurement of organs on those patients is not that they are dead, but that they wish to donate their organs and that, since they have irreversibly lost their brain, they cannot be harmed. (shrink)

Raymond Geuss asserts that there are fragmented views on what human rights are and that there is no unifying principle underlying such notion. I think that this view has its merits. It conveys the particularity of our perspectives, attitudes, desires and selfunderstandings. It rejects abstractness and is committed to a thick, perspectivist, historical understanding of personhood. To understand who we are, is to understand how we arrive at being who we are. By contrast, the notion of human rights deploys abstractness, (...) unification of agency, necessity and a thin view of personhood. In this paper, I attempt to bring into focus these two aspects of the notion of human rights. I will first analyse the genealogical method advocated by Geuss and argue that it has the merit of elucidating our historical contingencies; however, it is argued that any view in favour of the genealogical method relies on the idea that evaluative or normative concepts cannot be defined in terms of a common denominator. We reconstruct the Aristotelian idea of ‘focal meaning’ as core-resemblance and show that there is a unifying concept of human rights. We conclude that the perspectivist spirit of genealogy is not far from the Aristotelian tradition. Aristotle’s inquiry into a concept that could grasp different perspectives and contingencies as opposed to a Platonic understanding of abstract and universal forms shows that genealogical worries are germane to the tradition. (shrink)

Retraction note: González-Cabo, V., Valencia Rodríguez, M., Bonilla Betancourt, L. F. & Mosquera Mosquera, O. (2022). Management of fisheries associations and social responsibility in the productive chain. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 14(4), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4138 The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, that are not within the thematic scope of the journal. (...) We believe that the editorial process was manipulated and, furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review. (shrink)