Hoy, difícilmente encontramos adolescentes que no vivan patrocinados por las marcas. Con orgullo, les vemos pasearse con las Niké anunciadas en TV, la sudadera Diesel a juego con la camiseta GAP, el Nokia última generación, y los Calvin Klein asomando por debajo de sus Levi's� Aunque los "genéricos" sigan siendo los mismos� para los adolescentes no es así. Como si su vida dependiera de ello, con un cuidado que ya nos gustaría que tuvieran para otras cosas eligen en qué tienda (...) comprar, a qué peluquería ir, cómo vestir y qué complementos ponerse. (shrink)

BackgroundScientific literature on posttraumatic growth after terrorist attacks has primarily focused on persons who had not been directly exposed to terrorist attacks or persons who had been directly exposed to them, but who were assessed few months or years after the attacks.MethodsWe examined long-term PTG in 210 adults directly exposed to terrorist attacks in Spain a mean of 29.6 years after the attacks. The participants had been injured by a terrorist attack or were first-degree relatives of people who had been (...) killed or injured by a terrorist attack. They completed diagnostic measures of emotional disorders and measures of PTSD and depression symptomatology, optimism, and PTG.ResultsMultiple regression analyses revealed gender differences and a positive linear relationship between PTG and cumulative trauma after the terrorist attack. Some PTG dimensions were significantly associated with PTSD symptomatology, these associations being linear, not curvilinear. However, PTG was not associated with depression symptomatology, diagnosis of emotional disorders, age, elapsed time since the attack, or optimism. In comparison with survivors assessed 18 years after the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, Spanish victims of terrorism showed higher levels of appreciation of life, but lower levels of relating to others and spiritual change.ConclusionThe findings underscore the influence of gender on PTG and provide support to the hypothesis that some emotional distress may be a necessary condition of PTG. Future studies on PTG after terrorist attacks should take into consideration the characteristics of the terrorist attack itself and the contexts of violence and threat in which it occurred. The political, social, and cultural characteristics of the community affected by it and the profile and characteristics of other traumatic events suffered after the attack should also be taken into account in further research. (shrink)

La obtención de alimentos sanos y seguros requiere de técnicas de conservación inocuas para el consumidor y para el me­dio ambiente, entre las que se destaca la bioconservación. A su ca­tálogo de compuestos naturales o microorganismos, utilizados de forma habitual, la bioconservación ha incorporado recientemente los bacteriófagos y las proteínas fágicas con actividad lítica. La utilización de fagos y endolisinas en el biocontrol ofrece importantes ventajas frente a otros sistemas de conserva­ción tradicionales. Entre dichas ventajas destacan su inocuidad, especificidad y (...) versatilidad. Por otra parte, la acuciante necesidad de reducir el uso de antibióticos en la cadena alimentaria ha impul­sado la investigación basada en estos antimicrobianos con el fin de aplicarlos en producción primaria. Sin embargo, y a pesar de la gran eficacia ya demostrada en múltiples sectores, la falta de legislación de la Unión Europea sobre el uso de bacteriófa­gos junto con la necesidad de ser aceptados por los consumidores, son factores que están afectando negativamente a su implantación como bioconservantes. En este contexto, este artículo recoge los últimos resultados relacionados con este tipo de antimicrobianos en la industria agro-alimentaria, y resume los puntos clave para entender las posibilidades reales de su aplicación ante los nuevos requisitos asociados con una producción sostenible tanto desde una perspectiva económica como ambiental. (shrink)

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En este artículo se presenta un análisis crítico de la novela El amor en los tiempos del cólera, del escritor colombiano Gabriel García Márquez, basado en las categorías o aspectos que propician la narración de los acontecimientos pasados. A partir de la hipótesis de que la obra constituye una evocación del pasado o, en otras palabras, un viaje a los recuerdos, se analizan los siguientes aspectos con el fin de determinar cómo la narración de las experiencias se construye a partir (...) de ellos: la narración, que incluye al narrador y las técnicas narrativas; los detonadores gracias a los cuales se efectúa la rememoración; el contexto cotidiano en el que se introducen; la representación del tiempo y del espacio y las relaciones entre los personajes. (shrink)

Resumen: El propósito del texto es analizar la relación entre cuidado de sí e innovación educativa, considerando que el diálogo y la ironía, son prácticas que posibilitan que el cuidado de sí surja como novedad en la vida del sujeto. Para alcanzar dicho propósito, el texto está dividido en dos apartados, en el primero se revisan las nociones de cuidado de sí e innovación educativa, en el segundo se analizan el diálogo y la ironía. Se acepta que la innovación educativa (...) es esa posibilidad de mantener en novedad el cuidado de sí como transformación de sí. Se asume que diálogo e ironía son experiencia radical en una continua exigencia de reflexión como una manera de habitar la extrañeza y, simultáneamente, bajo el ejercicio pedagógico del ser y hacer de las prácticas educativas. Finalmente se considera al cuidado de sí e innovación educativa como: reflexión y vida en ejercicio. Asumimos que en el diálogo y en la ironía hay un doblez y giro de la atención, la inquietud y el cuidado de sí que lo hacen emerger como innovación educativa. Palabras clave: Cuidado de sí; Innovación educativa; Diálogo; Ironía; Reflexión. Autocuidado e inovação educacional: Diálogo e ironia Resumo: O objetivo do texto é analisar a relação entre o autocuidado e a inovação educativa, considerando que o diálogo e a ironia são práticas que permitem que o autocuidado surja como novidade na vida do sujeito. Para atingir esse objetivo, o texto está dividido em duas seções, na primeira são revisadas as noções de autocuidado e inovação educacional, na segunda analisam-se o diálogo e a ironia. Admite-se que a inovação educacional é a possibilidade de manter o cuidado de si como uma transformação de si como novidade. Assume-se que o diálogo e a ironia são uma experiência radical em uma demanda contínua de reflexão como forma de habitar a estranheza e, simultaneamente, sob o exercício pedagógico do ser e do fazer nas práticas educativas. Por fim, considera-se o autocuidado e a inovação educacional como: reflexão e vida em exercício. Partimos do pressuposto de que no diálogo e na ironia há uma reviravolta de atenção, inquietação e autocuidado que a fazem emergir como inovação educativa. Palavras-chave: Autocuidado; Inovação educacional; Diálogo; Ironia; Reflexão. Self-care and educational innovation: Dialogue and irony Summary: The purpose of the text is to analyze the relationship between self-care and educational innovation, considering that dialogue and irony are practices that allow self-care to emerge as a novelty in the subject's life. To achieve this purpose, the text is divided into two sections, in the first the notions of self-care and educational innovation are reviewed, in the second the dialogue and irony are analyzed. It is accepted that educational innovation is the possibility of keeping care of oneself as a transformation of oneself as novel. It is assumed that dialogue and irony are a radical experience in a continuous demand for reflection as a way of inhabiting strangeness and, simultaneously, under the pedagogical exercise of being and doing in educational practices. Finally, self-care and educational innovation are considered as: reflection and life in practice. We assume that in the dialogue and in the irony there is a twist and turn of attention, restlessness and self-care that make it emerge as an educational innovation. Keywords: Self-care; Educational innovation; Dialogue; Irony; Reflection. Data de registro: 04/07/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

The main objective of this work is to examine the prevalence of psychopathy in the general adult population from the main currently existing theoretical perspectives of psychopathy, using for this purpose the five-factor or Big Five model as a common language that allows the comparison and integration of the personality traits considered as defining psychopathy by these different perspectives. The NEO Personality Inventory-Revised was applied to a sample of 682 adults of the general Spanish population. The prevalence of clinical and (...) subclinical psychopathy was calculated according to six different definitions of these two constructs based on Hare’s, Lilienfeld’s, triarchic, and DSM-5-hybrid models, and the simultaneous presence of a minimum number of personality traits that differed from the sample mean by one standard deviation. Prevalence rates for the different definitions were consistently low, indicating that the prevalence of clinical psychopathy in the general Spanish population is around 0.55%, and that of subclinical psychopathy is around 1.65%. There were no significant sex differences in the prevalence of psychopathy. These results question the alarmist claims that warn about the existence in society of a very high number of people with psychopathy who can cause many social, economic, physical, and psychological damage to others. (shrink)

Grounded theory, a research method born out of the social sciences field, offers a flexible technique that allows simultaneous data collection and processing. Researchers using this method immerse themselves in an area of study, focusing their observations on the data and taking into consideration not only their own interpretations, but also those of the other subjects involved, in order to strengthen their understanding of the social phenomena under examination. This text briefly describes the concept of grounded theory and uses concrete (...) examples to illustrate how data are analysed from the standpoint of the stereotype as an object of study. La teoría fundamentada, nacida al interior de las ciencias sociales, es un método de investigación que posee una técnica flexible y que realiza simultáneamente la recolección y el procesamiento de los datos. En este método, el investigador se encuentra inmerso en el campo de estudio y sus observaciones se abocan al dato, considerando tanto su interpretación como la de los otros sujetos implicados, con la finalidad de fortalecer la comprensión del fenómeno social investigado. En este texto se describe brevemente la teoría fundamentada y cómo se analizan los datos mediante ejemplos concretos, que se presentan a partir del estereotipo como objeto de estudio. (shrink)

Collaborative cross-sector business models for sustainability innovation (CCSBMSI) in response to grand challenges are rich foci for tensions. This is the case of CCSBMSI targeting independent living through Information and Communication Technology–enabled care. This research aims at identifying the relevant tensions, understanding their interactions, and assessing how they can be effectively managed so that CCSBMSI become more valuable for partners and transformative for society. A conceptual framework that understands the management of interrelated institutional and interorganizational tensions as a dynamic capability (...) is substantiated through in-depth, qualitative analysis of the long-term dynamics of a four-sector CCSBMSI in telecare—including government, businesses, nonprofits, and informal actors. Its effects on the transition of business models in terms of value creation, delivery, and capture; on relevant stakeholders—particularly nonprofits and beneficiaries; and on the development of the sustainability innovation are discussed. The conceptualization, tension categories, and management capabilities of CCSBMSI are amplified. (shrink)

La literatura en América Latina ha representado, a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, uno de los temas que más preocupan a la sociedad latinoamericana: la heterogeneidad de las culturas que buscan incorporar la modernidad y los avances tecnológicos a las tradiciones y a la cultura popular, lo cual genera la concepción de una identidad en conflicto. En este ensayo se analiza cómo está representado el “sujeto heterogéneo”, término propuesto por Cornejo Polar, en la primera parte de la (...) novela El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo, de José María Arguedas, a través del estudio de los diferentes narradores empleados en la narración de la novela propiamente dicha y en los fragmentos del diario del autor, con el propósito de demostrar cómo influye la narración en el proceso de ficcionalización y en la representación de la identidad en conflicto. Para este ensayo se recurre a los teóricos Antonio Cornejo Polar en el texto Escribir en el aire, y Néstor García Canclini en la obra Culturas híbridas. Estrategias para entrar y salir de la modernidad. (shrink)

Tras la pandemia de la COVID-19 se empezó a potenciar el proceso de virtualización de contenidos de aprendizaje, que ha dado lugar al desarrollo de materiales audiovisuales de apoyo a la docencia. Estos materiales son a menudo vídeos de duración variable diseñados para complementar las estrategias tradicionales de formación y facilitar la adquisición de algunos contenidos de la materia curricular. El presente trabajo presenta una experiencia colaborativa entre docentes para la introducción de materiales audiovisuales como recursos para la educación universitaria (...) de asignaturas de matemáticas básicas en cinco Grados de distintas ingenierías de la Universidad de Cantabria. (shrink)

Membership in voluntary organizations is associated with individual and social benefits. Due to the negative consequences of the global pandemic on older people, and the governmental challenges posed by population aging, voluntary membership is of great importance to society. To effectively promote volunteering among older people, it is necessary to understand the determinants of voluntary membership. This study analyses the influence of individual values—secular/traditional and survival/self-expression–on voluntary membership among European adults. Specifically, it examines which values orient two age groups, as (...) well as men and women toward a certain type of association. The sample of 31,985 comprises 60% of adults aged 50–64 and 40% aged 65–79; of which 56% are women and 44% men. The empirical estimation considers different levels of data aggregation: individual, national and welfare system, therefore multilevel analysis is used as an analytical strategy. Individual-level variables from the Integrated Values Survey and national-level variables from the World Bank and Eurostat are used. The results indicate that traditional and self-expression values promote membership in voluntary organizations in general more than secular and survival values. However, there are differences according to the type of organization. Furthermore, values are found to moderate the effect of age and gender on voluntary membership. (shrink)

Fundamentación: la educación integral del estudiante de Medicina incluye el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas y lingüísticas en idioma Inglés, que le posibiliten mantenerse informado y comunicarse en medios anglófonos. La prensa escrita es un medio de información que permite que los estudiantes reflexionen, valoren, interpreten y se comuniquen. Objetivo: Contribuir al desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas y comunicativas con la prensa escrita en clases de inglés. Método: Se realizó un estudio pre-experimental que consistió en elaborar ejercicios a partir de (...) la utilización de artículos de la prensa escrita relacionados con medicina y salud pública, como medios de enseñanza. El estudio se realizó con 40 estudiantes del quinto año de Medicina y 15 profesionales matriculados en un curso de posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Mayabeque. Resultados: La información sobre aspectos de medicina y salud pública publicados en la prensa y los hábitos de lectura de la prensa de los estudiantes del quinto año era baja antes de la intervención y después de la puesta en práctica de la experiencia mejoró significativamente. Los resultados de los cuatro cortes evaluativos muestran la eficacia de la experiencia, por cuanto el desarrollo de las habilidades se comportó de manera ascendente. Conclusiones: Este sistema de trabajo facilitó la motivación de las clases, se desarrollaron habilidades lingüísticas y comunicativas y sirvió de base para fomentar el trabajo educativo, aumentó el vocabulario general y técnico de los estudiantes. Foundation: the medical students’ integral education includes the development of linguistic and communicative abilities in the English language, in such a way, they have the possibility to be informed and communicate properly in English-speaking contexts. The printing press is a means of information which allows them to reflect, valuate interpretate and communicate properly. Objective: to contribute to the development of linguistic and communicative abilities with the printing press in the English lessons Method: it was carried out a pre-experimental study which consisted in the elaboration of exercises related to the content of medical articles taken from the printing press. The study was carried out with 40 5th year medical students and 15 health professionals registered for a post graduated course of English in the Faculty of medicine from Mayabeque. Results: the information concerning medicine and public health published in the printing press and the 5th year medical students reading habits before putting into practice the didactic experience were low. Meanwhile, it improved considerably after its implementation. The results of the four evaluative breaks show the effectiveness of the didactic experience. The development of reading abilities was increased. Conclusions: this system of work facilitated motivation during the learning activities, linguistic and communicative abilities were developed considerably; it served as a base to promote educative work, and to increase the students general and technical vocabulary. (shrink)

Reflexión sobre el desafío al que nos enfrentamos los docentes si deseamos integrar la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la educación, sin perder de vista los valores humanos y la esencia de la enseñanza. La importancia de encontrar un equilibrio entre la tradición y la innovación, con el objetivo de apoyarnos en la tecnología como una herramienta para enriquecer la interacción humana en el aula. La clave está en aprovechar el potencial de la IA para reforzar la experiencia educativa, sin perder (...) de vista el valor insustituible del vínculo humano en el proceso de aprendizaje. (shrink)

This theoretical essay gathers reflections from three publications by Jürgen Habermas from the 1960s that can contribute to the study of the public communication of science. We use these ideas to create a graphical representation that summarizes a desirable dynamic for practice while considering information flows that pass through politicized universities, the social life-world and the context of political decisions. This essay considers the inclusion of the public in the scientific agenda and in policy decisions related to that agenda. A (...) concept of public communication of dialogical science—now widely advocated but still difficult to operationalize—is present in the German philosopher’s thinking in books published more than 50 years ago. (shrink)

This paper discusses an algorithmic tool introduced in the Basque Country (Spain) to assess the risk of intimate partner violence. The algorithm was introduced to address the lack of human experts by automatically calculating the level of violence based on psychometric features such as controlling or violent behaviour. Given that critical literature on risk assessment tools for domestic violence mainly focuses on English-speaking countries, this paper offers an algorithmic accountability analysis in a non-English speaking region. It investigates the algorithmic risks, (...) harms, and limitations associated with the Basque tool. We propose a transdisciplinary approach from a critical statistical and legal perspective. This approach unveils issues and limitations that could lead to unexpected consequences for individuals suffering from partner violence. Moreover, our analysis suggests that the algorithmic tool has a high error rate on severe cases, i.e., cases where the aggressor could murder his partner—5 out of 10 high-risk cases are misclassified as low risk—and that there is a lack of appropriate legal guidelines for judges, the end users of this tool. The paper concludes that this risk assessment tool needs to be urgently evaluated by independent and transdisciplinary experts to better mitigate algorithmic harms in the context of intimate partner violence. (shrink)

Research on adolescent-to-parent violence (APV) associates specific psychosocial characteristics with adolescents who assault their parents, whether they are within or outside the juvenile justice system, or whether these characteristics are shared by other adolescents convicted of other crimes. The aim of this paper is to compare three groups of adolescents. Those who have been sentenced for APV are compared with adolescents who have committed other crimes, and with a group who have not been involved in the justice system. The sample (...) used consists of 148 male participants between the ages of 14 and 21. A comparison is made regarding type of self-reported behavior, frequency of drug use, academic performance, exposure to violence, self-concept, and parents’ conflict resolution tactics. The results obtained indicate that adolescents with judicial measures, regardless of the crime committed, differ from those who have not been in trouble with the justice system in terms of them having suffered violence in the street, the frequency with which they use drugs and in their academic achievement. Likewise, adolescents convicted of APV differ from the other two groups in the frequency with which they are victims of violence at home, in that their mothers use the tactic of asking somebody else for help as a way of solving marital conflicts, and in having a more negative family self-concept. The results are discussed highlighting the importance of taking into account whether a sample is judicial, clinical, or community, and the specific APV behaviors which are measured. (shrink)

La museografía escolar gana terreno en la virtualidad gracias a la tecnología. Entonces, es necesario establecer la ruta pedagógica para la creación de un museo virtual como espacio de divulgación artística de educación secundaria mediante el uso de las TIC. Por ello, desde la investigación creación, se propone un método teórico-práctico de técnicas artísticas para la generación de obras de arte escolar y las herramientas virtuales en línea para la construcción y montaje en red de la propuesta museográfica 2D y (...) 3D. Como resultado se crea el Museo Virtual de Arte Salesiano con más de 1000 obras. (shrink)

Bentley et al.--O’Brien bypass the relevance of emotions in decision-making, resulting in a possible over-simplification of behavioral types. We propose integrating emotions, both in the north-south axis (in relation to cognition) as well as in the west-east axis (in relation to social influence), by suggesting a Z axis, in charge of registering emotional depth and involvement.

Populism’s Challenges to Political Reason can be seen as a consequence of social and cultural trends, the so called ‘emotional culture’, that have been accentuated in recent decades. By considering those trends, this article aims at shedding light on some distinctive marks of contemporary populism in order to argue for a reconfiguration of the public sphere that, without ignoring emotion, recovers argumentation and persuasion based on facts and reason.

A menudo las fronteras académicas que nos definen y nos separan como investigadores, también delimitan nuestros trabajos hasta el punto de desconectarlos de manera acrítica de las realidades culturales que, por motivos múltiples y no siempre explícitos, nos proponemos estudiar, analizar, transformar, etc. Sabemos que las universidades, como el resto de instituciones sociales, han participado históricamente en el mantenimiento de las fronteras que construimos interesadamente los seres humanos al relacionarnos como tales, tanto a escala individual como colectiva: económicas, políticas, académicas, (...) familiares, personales, etc…. (shrink)

The nurse-patient relationship involves complex attitudes and behaviours with ethical and deontological implications. It has been linked to improvements in patient health outcomes, although there is still no consensus in the scientific literature as to the definition and characterisation of the concept. This article aim to define the concept of the nurse-patient relationship. A concept analysis was conducted using the Walker and Avant method to identify the attributes defining the nurse-patient relationship. An integrative review of the literature was conducted using (...) the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature databases. A review of the grey literature and other minor non-indexed publications on the topic was also conducted. A total of 36 articles were included in the review. A model case, a contrary case, a related case, and empirical references were produced to clarify the concept and identify its essential attributes. The concept is defined as a helping relationship involving interaction between different players. It is the basis of nursing care and is intended to meet the healthcare needs of the individual receiving this care. It is also viewed as an intervention in itself, requiring a specific training process just like any other nursing skill. The essential attributes of the relationship are empathy, presence, contact, authenticity, trust, and reciprocity. In conclusion, the nurse-patient relationship is a helping relationship established with the patient and/or their family based on interaction, communication, respect for ethical values, acceptance, and empathy in order to encourage introspection and behavioural change. Key components include communication, active listening, and respect. Bioethical values and confidentiality must also be present to ensure that the relationship is built on equality and intimacy. (shrink)

This article explores medical responsibility and negligence from an ethical and legal perspective within the Colombian context. It highlights causes of negligence such as deficiencies in professional training and organizational problems. The article emphasizes "objective imputation as key to determining the criminal responsibility of the physician" (Alvarado D. 2019). The objectives include analyzing the current legal framework in Colombia and assessing the link between medical ethics and legal responsibility. The methodology builds upon a thorough examination of specialized literature, including peer-reviewed (...) scientific articles in medicine and law, as well as legal documents and ethical regulations. A targeted search was conducted across various bibliographic databases including Google Scholar, Redalyc, Scielo, Dialnet, Biomed Central, Miguel De Cervantes Virtual Library, and BVS virtual health library. (shrink)

En este artículo se presenta una revisión de los diferentes enfoques de enseñanza de la ecuación de segundo grado para Educación Secundaria que se conjetura serían necesarios con el fin de aumentar la calidad del aprendizaje con el rigor y el tratamiento requerido, resaltando el valor de este tópico en sí mismo y de sus aplicaciones. Además, se aportan los resultados de un estudio descriptivo exploratorio realizado sobre los conocimientos de la ecuación de segundo grado de alumnado de Enseñanza Secundaria (...) para finalmente extraer la conclusión de que su conocimiento no quedó consolidado y se precisa hacer cambios. (shrink)

La autonomía económica permite a las mujeres ser económicamente autosuficientes y tomar decisiones libres respecto a sus vidas. La generación de ingresos propios representa un elemento simbólico y clave para el empoderamiento, el reforzamiento de la autoestima, la autovaloración y la reflexión sobre sus roles de género.A partir de la metodología PRISMA se realizó la revisión sistemática para identificar los factores y estrategias que explican la autonomía económica de las mujeres en zonas rurales de América Latina; destacando la participación en (...) proyectos productivos y emprendimientos, el acceso al microcrédito, así como el fortalecimiento de procesos de cooperación y solidaridad. (shrink)

Background: The development of professional values in nursing is directly related to quality and ethical clinical practise and may also increase practitioner and patients’ satisfaction. Some factors, such as work setting or work experience, can influence the importance granted to the professional values of nursing. Objectives: To compare in primary care nurses and hospital care nurses the importance granted to professional values and to contrast this perception as a function of professional experience. Research design, participants and research context: Descriptive cross-sectional (...) study. Participants were 380 nursing professionals from the public health system (primary care and hospital care). Three dimensions were analysed: ethics, professional expertise and professional mastery. Data were collected from January to June 2015. Ethical considerations: We obtained permission from the Ethics Committee and participants’ informed consent. Findings: Hospital care professionals attached more importance to all the values analysed, regardless of their work experience. Ethical values, such as confidentiality and respect for the person, were considered to be very important in both systems. Values related to professional expertise obtained lower scores, especially in primary care. In general, professionals with more than 20 years’ experience granted less importance to the values. Conclusion: The professional setting influenced the importance assigned to professional nursing values, and clear differences were observed between primary and hospital care. The domain of ethics was considered the most important. It is necessary to reflect on the significance attributed to professional values, especially in more expert nursing staff. (shrink)