Mary Livermore'sMy Story of the Waris a valuable piece of travel writing written from the point of view of a nurse who documented her unexpected personal and professional journey to administer the Sanitary Commission of the United States Union Army and provide nursing care during the American Civil War. Although Livermore's pre‐war background had not been solely limited to the domestic sphere, her wartime experience involved a public negotiation between the traditional domestic realm assigned to women and new nursing professional (...) functions that emerged during the war. In a context in which the general access of women to public writing was rather limited and in which nursing was not a formally regulated professional activity, Livermore's triumphal narrative reflects the increasing connection between progressively professional nursing functions that emerged in the context of war and a new women's rights leadership forged during her autobiographical journey. (shrink)

IntroductionHistory of depression symptoms, including before and during pregnancy, has been identified as an important risk factor for postpartum depression symptoms. This condition has also been associated with diverse implications, namely, on the quality of mother–infant bonding. Moreover, the role of self-criticism on PPD has been recently found in several studies. However, the link between these factors has not been explored yet. Furthermore, anxiety symptoms in postpartum has been less studied.MethodsThis study analyzed whether the history of depression symptoms predicted mother–infant (...) bonding, via self-criticism and PPD symptoms. The same model was repeated with a history of anxiety and postpartum anxiety symptoms. A total of 550 mothers of infants <24 months old participated in this cross-sectional study and answered an online survey.ResultsThrough a parallel–serial mediation model, the results show that in a first step, self-criticism dimensions of inadequate-self, hated-self, and reassuring-self, and in a second step, PPD symptoms, mediate the relationship between the history of depression symptoms and mother–infant bonding. However, the relationship between the history of anxiety symptoms and bonding is not mediated by all the considered chain of mediators, being only mediated by one of the self-criticism dimensions, inadequate self.ConclusionsThe current study confirmed the association of history of both depression and anxiety with mother–infant bonding. While in the case of history of anxiety symptoms, the relation was only mediated by inadequate self-dimension of self-criticism, in the case of history of depression symptoms, the relation was mediated by self-criticism and postpartum depressive symptoms. The buffering effect of reassuring-self on bonding and negative affect was also evidenced. Psychological and preventive interventions should address this evidence to target interventions for mother–infant bonding problems in accordance with previous and actual current maternal risk factors. (shrink)

Tres notas para un análisis que busca situar a las mujeres y diversidades en la intersección de los territorios desde los cuales disputan las construcciones de subalternidades y omisiones. Este artículo inédito se basa en parte en algunas de las reflexiones compartidas en el panel “Arraigo y Equidad Espacial”, organizado desde el Instituto Patria de Rosario, Argentina, el 28 de abril de 2020. Aborda, desde la construcción del pensamiento feminista plural y diverso, la intersección mujeres y diversidades y los temas (...) emergentes más críticos para la vida de las mujeres en las ciudades en donde crece la pandemia y como resultado de poderes imbricados del neoliberalismo, el patriarcado xenófobo, racista y colonialista. Un aporte analítico desde la especificidad disciplinar de la arquitectura y el urbanismo, en la producción predatoria del ambiente y las injusticias espaciales, para ello las búsquedas conceptuales y la reflexión a partir de evidencias desde el marco analítico de las desigualdades urbanas. Para ello se interseccionan desde el feminismo los desarrollos conceptuales acerca del derecho a la ciudad dando cuenta de la omisión de las mujeres y diversidades en las formas de habitar y vivenciar las relaciones sociales en el espacio. La pandemia agudizó las desigualdades en las ciudades en las cuales se expresa con mayor virulencia, donde las mujeres están encerradas con los violentos y sufren el agobio del cuidado. El uso del tiempo y la división sexual del trabajo profundizan los sesgos de géneros en la epidemia del Covid-19, que evidencia más presión de tareas de cuidado, mayores asimetrías del uso del tiempo de mujeres en relación a los varones, el incremento de las violencias y de femicidios en los espacios privados y públicos. Temas que la pandemia impacta más allá de sus condiciones de estructurantes de las desigualdades, y que los cuerpos de mujeres y diversidades experimentan en distintas dimensiones territoriales, en las cuales median en sus construcciones diversas relaciones de poder y por ello en permanente disputas y resistencias. (shrink)

Psycholinguistics as a discipline can be traced back further than one would think, but what we refer to as modern psycholinguistics emerged in the 1950s. The gradual accumulation of interdisciplinary knowledge, cross-linguistic research, and the development of ideas formed the foundation for new approaches. Indeed, interdisciplinarity, multi-methodology, and linguistic diversity are to this day inevitable and integral parts of psycholinguistics. The aim of this paper is to argue the interplay of different approaches and methodologies, namely in relation to syntactic processing. (...) The paper provides a general overview of former state-of-the-art and newer research trends, discusses the challenges of new approaches, and presents them in the context of a recently performed attachment preference study in Croatian. Using multiple methodologies, the study shows that Croatian is a high attachment preference language. More importantly, it illustrates the significance of a carefully planned research design and the relevance of obeying the properties of the studied language. These considerations are crucial in order to avoid that someone’s choice of theoretical framework and methods influences results. (shrink)

_Review of: Consani, Cristina Foroni; Klein, Joel T.; Nour Sckell, Soraya, _Cosmopolitanism: From the Kantian Legacy to Contemporary Approaches_, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2021, pp. 327. ISBN 978-3-428-58460-4._.

Studies of creative industries typically contend that creative work is profoundly precarious, taking place on a freelance basis in highly competitive, individualized and contingent labour markets. Such studies depict creative workers as correspondingly self-enterprising, self-reliant, self-interested and calculative agents who valorise care-free independence. In contrast, we adopt the ‘ethics of care’ approach to explore, recognize and appreciate the communitarian, relational and moral considerations as well as interpersonal connectedness and interdependencies that underpin creative work. Drawing on in-depth interviews with creative workers (...) in a range of marginal socio-cultural contexts, we argue that creative workers cultivate and sustain a diverse array of practices of care arising from an affective concern with the well-being of others. Far from being merely individualistic and crudely competitive actors, creative workers enact practical ethical responsibilities and affectivities towards a range of human and non-human others, including families, local communities and neighbourhoods, colleagues, artistic scenes and their adjacent genres, and surrounding national and linguistic cultures. In emphasizing the fundamental and structuring role of care in contingent labour markets our approach accords with recent trends in the social sciences that ‘affirmatively’—as opposed to ‘negatively’ and ‘suspiciously’—recognize that mutuality, solidarity and affectivity are powerful drivers of action on a par with or even exceeding market-driven self-centredness. (shrink)

This article argues that thinking about entrepreneurship as a potential instrument for relief from endemic poverty and disadvantage, especially among the Indigenous, has all too often been captive to a concept of entrepreneurship that is built out of constrained economic and cultural assumptions. The authors develop this argument from a critical discussion of contributions by Karl Polanyi and Robert Heilbroner. The result is that approaches to venture have been encouraged that are sometimes a poor fit for the circumstances of those (...) they are meant to benefit, and other forms that could have considerable promise have gone unexplored. This article outlines some features of Indigenous culture and build on the analysis of David Harper to construct an improved notion of entrepreneurship that allows for these distinctive features. The article concludes that research and policy making concerning entrepreneurship as an instrument of development among the Indigenous need to be undertaken with this reconstructed understanding of entrepreneurship that is a better fit for the realities of Indigenous culture. (shrink)

We introduce the papers in this special issue by providing an overarching perspective on the variety in kinds of commons and the ethical issues stemming from their diversity. Despite a long history of local commons management, recent decades have witnessed a surge of scholarly interest in the concept of “the commons,” including a growing management literature. This swell was impelled especially by Garrett Hardin’s paper of 1968, and the body of work generated by Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues. However, the (...) term itself has come to be used in a variety of ways. To contextualize its ethical dimensions, we map a number of commons-related concepts such as common-pool resources, common property regime, excludability and subtractability, common-pool resource types and commons or “commoning” as a source of production. Following a brief summary of papers in this special issue, the essay concludes with an identification of implications for research, practice and policy. (shrink)

Humanism is charged with fostering a harmful anthropocentrism that has led to the exploitation of non-human beings and the environment. Posthumanist and transhumanist ideas prominently aim at rethinking our self-understanding and human-nature relations. Yet these approaches turn out to be flawed when it comes to addressing the challenges of the “age of the humanity”, the Anthropocene. Whereas posthumanism fails in acknowledging the exceptional role of human beings with regard to political agency and responsibility, transhumanism overemphasizes human capabilities of controlling nature (...) and only deepens the human-nature dualism. Therefore, a critical and humble version of humanism is suggested as a viable alternative. Drawing on pragmatist thinkers William James and F.C.S. Schiller, a resource for de-centering the human being is provided that critically reflects our role in the larger ecosystem and underlines human potentials as well as human responsibilities. (shrink)

For the last 50 years the dominant stance in experimental biology has been reductionism in general, and genetic reductionism in particular. Philosophers were the first to realize that the belief that the Mendelian genes were reduced to DNA molecules was questionable. Soon, experimental data confirmed these misgivings. The optimism of molecular biologists, fueled by early success in tackling relatively simple problems has now been tempered by the difficulties encountered when applying the same simple ideas to complex problems. We analyze three (...) examples taken from experimental data that illustrate the shortcomings of this sort of reductionism. In the first, alterations in the expression of a large number of genes coexist with normal phenotypes at supra-cellular levels of organization; in the second, the supposed intrinsic specificity of hormonal signals is negated; in the third, the notion that cancer is a cellular problem caused by mutated genes is challenged by data gathered both from the reductionist viewpoint and the alternative view proposing that carcinogenesis is development gone awry. As an alternative to reductionism, we propose that the organicist view is a good starting point from which to explore these phenomena. However, new theoretical concepts are needed to grapple with the apparent circular causality of complex biological phenomena. (shrink)

The subject of this paper is the debate between externalism and internalism about mental content presented by Tim Crane in Chapter 4 of his book Elements of Mind. Crane’s sympathies in this debate are with internalism. The paper attempts to show that Crane’s argumentation is not refuting the Twin Earth argument and externalism, and that in its basis it does not differ much from externalism itself Crane’s version of the argument for externalism features two key premises: (1) The content of (...) a thought determines what the thought is about/what it refers to (the Content Determines Reference Principle); and (2) Twins are referring to different things when they use the word “water”. From these, in a few simple steps, Crane’s externalist infers: Therefore, their thoughts are not “in their heads”. Crane suggests denying the Content Determines Reference Principle in the light of indexical thoughts. In the first stage, Crane reduces “content” to “some aspect of content”, although he needs all aspects of content to secure identity of thoughts. However, his view then comes close to something acceptable to externalists. In the second stage, Crane makes content relative to context, but then reference still determines content. (shrink)

Comparing and contrasting nonreligious and religious perspectives on ethics and morals has perhaps attracted the greatest attention of any secular study area. There are indeed negative preconceptions about seculars that express worries about how morality can be preserved without the influence of religion. The research begins with definitions and categories of morality, along with current views on how they came to be and how to evaluate them. Examined are secular attitudes and actions in areas including prosociality, violence, criminal activity, drug (...) usage, sexual orientation, helping, and altruism. Secular morality is showing a trend in many sectors towards prioritizing individuals above group affiliation. General morality among secular people favors moral consequentialism over deontology and reasoning over intuition. Religious ethics explain that society can only be improved if human beings have a pure soul. So, we can say that religious Ethics have a main focus on the improvement of spirituality and the soul of human beings for a peaceful society. So, this is also a point of divergence between secular Morality and Religious Ethics. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta uma prática pedagógica realizada no Estágio Curricular Supervisionado II do Curso de Letras - Português e Espanhol na Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS) campus Cerro Largo. O estágio foi desenvolvido em uma turma de segundo ano de uma escola pública de Ensino Médio, com duração de 16 horas. O plano de aula trabalhou o texto dissertativo-argumentativo através da temática “Regulamentação das Redes Sociais” baseado no método de Sequência Didática (Dolz, Noverraz, Schneuwly, 2004). Essa ferramenta didática consiste (...) em atividades de pré-leitura, leitura e pós-leitura, com duas produções textuais: o texto de sondagem, que visa identificar o conhecimento prévio dos alunos, e a produção textual final, que consiste no desenvolvimento de uma redação em um simulado do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). Ademais, realizamos uma autoavaliação, em que os alunos puderam refletir criticamente sobre seu processo de ensino e aprendizagem, identificando, através de um questionário, suas dificuldades e evolução ao longo das aulas, não detendo-se somente à avaliação quantitativa feita pelo professor. Dessa forma, a partir dos resultados apresentados na autoavaliação e nas produções textuais, concluímos que os alunos demonstraram um bom aproveitamento do conteúdo trabalhado, desenvolvendo o senso crítico, a argumentação e, consequentemente, a cidadania. (shrink)

We investigated the influence of maternal depression (MD) on the communication and motor dimensions of child neurodevelopment, by a longitudinal and descriptive study. We assessed 1,555 mother-baby dyads from two Brazilian cities with discrepant sociodemographic characteristics: Ribeirão Preto (RP) (N=663) and São Luís (SL) (N=892). MD during pregnancy and at the second year of child´s life was assessed, respectively, through the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-CES-D (≥24) and the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale-EPDS (≥12). Child development was assessed through the (...) screening test from the Bayley Scale (BSID-III), when children were 12-24 months old. There was association between MD at the second year of child´s life and impairment on the Receptive Communication dimension of language development, especially when analysis included depression during pregnancy and sociodemographic variables. Such association was found only in the city with worse sociodemographic indicators. Our findings supported the influence of MD in the second year of child´s life on child neurodevelopment, specifically on the Receptive Communication dimension of language development in SL. Moreover, findings suggested a possible role of environmental and socioeconomic variables in such association, drawing attention to prenatal care monitoring and intervention programs for mothers living in unfavorable socioeconomic contexts. (shrink)

"Identidad personal y donación. La configuración del yo en la acción dramática", de Ana Álvarez Garrido, relata como un deseo de verdad y una intuición genuina, unidos a la insatisfacción acerca de las corrientes dominantes en el estudio de la identidad personal, llevaron a su autora a iniciar este trabajo. Con una pregunta casi infantil, por su atrevimiento y por la esperanza que la anima de una respuesta justa, se abre esta aventura de la búsqueda del yo, a la que (...) es invitado el lector desde la primera página: ¿Quién soy yo? Este interrogante nos conduce, atravesando el fuego positivo de la duda, a veces de tintes narrativos, hasta un espacio y un tiempo capaces de vestir al yo, de darle una voz y un gesto únicos, capaces de regalarle un nombre. Un teatro será ese lugar donde Yo puedo ser y donde vengo a ser Yo, porque en él se puede representar una acción esencial. Ésta, como el yo, se revelará al final de nuestra aventura investigadora, sorprendente y deliberadamente dramática. Como la vida misma. (shrink)

Retraction note: Huerta Molinero, A. M. (2022). Public Relations–Social Responsibility binomial in post-pandemic sustainable and regenerative tourism. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities / Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 12(6), 2–16. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.3990 The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, that are not within the thematic scope of the journal. We believe that the editorial process was manipulated and, (...) furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review. (shrink)

For too long, criminal law scholars overlooked immigration-based offences. Claims that these offences are not ‘true crimes’ or are a ‘mere camouflage’ to pursue non-criminal law aims deflect attention from questions concerning the limits of criminalization and leave unchallenged contradictions at the heart of criminal law theory. My purpose in this paper is to examine these offences through some of the basic tenets of criminal law. I argue that the predominant forms of liability for the most often used immigration offences (...) are, at least in principle, controversial and depart from what is often presented as the paradigm in criminal law. Above all, immigration offences are objectionable because they fall short in fulfilling the harm principle and, given that criminal punishment as used against immigration offenders is often a secondary, ancillary sanction to deportation, they license excessive imposition of pain. (shrink)

Introduction Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-17 DOI 10.1007/s10503-011-9238-3 Authors Ana Laura Nettel, Law Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana—Azcapotzalco (UAM-A), Amsterdam 180-403 Colonia Hipódromo Condesa, 06100 Mexico, DF, Mexico Georges Roque, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CRAL, EHESS/CNRS, 96 Bd. Raspail, 75006 Paris, France Journal Argumentation Online ISSN 1572-8374 Print ISSN 0920-427X.

Digital simulacra present an entrancing vision of a research-rich future shorn of the messiness that comes from dealing with real live patients as part of the research enterprise—and in that sheari...

The history of science within the Ibero-American context has not received significant attention from historians of science. In the case of historical studies of science in Spain and Latin America, research has primarily been carried out under the umbrella of “centers and peripheries,” indicating that despite their historiographical and epistemological importance, narratives on science within certain national contexts have analytical limitations. Recent research has indicated a need to reconstruct transnational stories that account for how knowledge produced in developing countries forms (...) part of the circulation of international knowledge via international networks of collaboration. This perspective enables the... (shrink)

Partindo do pressuposto de que os obstáculos epistemológicos, propostos por Gaston Bachelard, provocam situações de imobilidade frente ao conhecimento, impossibilitando, na maioria das vezes, o desenvolvimento científico e bloqueando as capacidades dos sujeitos para uma atuação crítica e questionadora, característica da nova ciência, este artigo tem a finalidade de refletir sobre as contribuições da formação inicial do pedagogo para a desconstrução da experiência primeira. Para tanto, optou-se por uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental pautada nos estudos de Bachelard que trata dos (...) obstáculos epistemológicos à formação do espírito científico, nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Pedagogia e dados de Programas de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu de 08 Instituições Públicas e Privadas de Ensino Superior dos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina, no recorte temporal de 2018. Tal relação, entre o que descreve as Diretrizes e o que Bachelard pontua na formação do espírito científico, apresenta-se como possibilidade de compreensão e abertura de discussões a respeito do distanciamento de profissionais pedagogos dos espaços de pesquisa e experiências científicas em educação. A partir do contato com as obras pesquisadas e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Pedagogia, Licenciatura, percebeu-se entendimentos sobre a formação do pedagogo pesquisador, assim como pretextos para a necessidade de se continuar insistindo nessa dimensão formativa. Ainda, constatou-se que a formação inicial pode colaborar para a constituição do espírito científico do pedagogo, ampliando suas atuações enquanto cientista da educação. Para isso, torna-se necessário que os cursos de formação inicial tenham como fundamento a existência de obstáculos que podem, de modo negativo, contribuir para a inércia de seus estudantes. Palavras-chave: Espírito científico. Formação de pedagogos. Diretrizes Curriculares da Pedagogia. (shrink)

The main objective of this Element is to reconstruct Aristotle's view on the nature of ontological priority in the Categories. Over the last three decades, investigations into ontological dependence and priority have become a major concern in contemporary metaphysics. Many see Aristotle as the originator of these discussions and, as a consequence, there is considerable interest in his own account of ontological dependence. In light of the renewed interest in Aristotelian metaphysics, it will be worthwhile - both historically and systematically (...) - to return to Aristotle himself and to see how he himself conceived of ontological priority, which is to be understood as a form of asymmetric ontological dependence. (shrink)

Volume 20, Issue 2, February 2020, Page 27-30.

Psychological interest in Meritocracy as an important social norm regulating most of the western democratic societies has significantly increased over the years. However, the way Meritocracy has been conceptualized and operationalized in experimental studies has advanced in significant ways. As a result, a variety of paradigms arose to understand the social consequences of Meritocracy for intergroup relations; in particular, to understand the adverse consequences of Meritocracy for disadvantaged group members. The present research seeks to understand whether there is strong support (...) for the idea that (manipulated) Meritocracy disproportionally affects members of low status groups, and also to understand which specific components of this norm have been successfully manipulated and to what consequences. And this is particularly important given the recent call for greater transparency in how the success of experimental manipulations is reported. Thus, we carried out a systematic review examining the content of different prime tasks, summarizing prime manipulation checks’ effectiveness, and analyzing whether priming Meritocracy leads to less favorable orientations toward low status groups. Results across 33 studies revealed that despite the existing differences in the components highlighted, the salience of any of the Meritocracy dimensions facilitates the use of internal causal attributions, negative evaluations and stereotyping towards low status groups, affecting negatively decisions involving low-status group members, particularly in specific domains, as organizational contexts. These results carry both practical and theoretical implications for future research on the role of Meritocracy in intergroup settings. (shrink)

El tema de los vivientes animales escasi ignorado hoy por la filosofia de origentomista, poco y nada hablan de él exponentes dela escuela en este sigla. Santo Tomás mismo sibien no les dedicá un estudio especial, enreiterados pasajes se refirió ai tema comonecesario desde la perspectiva de Comentador ode Teólogo. En muchos lugares habla de la vidasensitiva que en estado puro se halla en losanimales, como siendo las creaturas vivientes quecomparten con el hombre la misma naturalezagenérica que él debe tratar (...) como parte de suconsideración teológica o filosófica. Los textossorprenden por su cantidad, su penetranteobservación sobre el reino al)imal y su carácterfilosófico, pudiendo ser la base para un estudioque yo llamaria zoología filosófica. Tal vez uno delos temas más interesantes sea la consideraciónsobre la potencia sensitiva denominadaestimativa, y sus posibilidades para explicaralgunos rasgos dei comportarniento animal. En lavisión creacionista de Santo Tomás nuestroshumildes he~anos en el género adquieren todoel valor creatural que les corresponde y exigen deihombre considerarlos como imagen de Dios. Lascircunstancias históricas actuales apoyan estavisión revaloradora. (shrink)

Kako bismo utvrdili značajke učinkovitog stručnog usavršavanja učitelja prirodoslovne grupe predmeta, na temelju sustavnog pregleda literature izabrali smo i proveli analizu devet učinkovitih eksperimentalnih i kvazi eksperimentalnih istraživanja. Utvrdili smo kako bi stručno usavršavanje bilo dobro započeti inicijalnim radionicama koje je potrebno nastaviti kroz susrete zajednica učenja za vrijeme ostvarivanja promjena. Uz to je važno osigurati potporu i vođenje učitelja te nastavne materijale za učitelje i učenike. Stručno usavršavanje može biti učinkovito samo ako doprinese boljim učeničkim rezultatima, a to je (...) moguće postići promjenama u nastavi koja bi trebala polaziti od jasno postavljenih ciljeva u skladu s kojima učitelji pripremaju nastavne aktivnosti koje učenike potiču na istraživanje, rješavanje životnih problema, aktivno i suradničko učenje te znanstveno i metakognitivno mišljenje. In order to affirm the characteristics of efficient professional training of teachers in the natural sciences, on the basis of a systematic overview of the literature, we chose and implemented an analysis of nine efficient experimental and quasi-experimental research designs. We affirmed that professional training should begin with initial workshops, which should continue through meetings of learning cummunities during these changes. Additionally, it is important to ensure support and guidance for teachers, as well as teaching materials for teachers and students. Professional training can be considered efficient only if it contributes to improved academic performance; this can be attained through changes in teaching, which should be founded on clearly established goals in accordance with which teachers may prepare teaching activities that inspire students to research, solve everyday problems, take part in active and cooperative learning, and think scientifically and metacognitively. (shrink)

Potential applications of genome editing in assisted reproductive technology (ART) raise a vast array of strong opinions, emotional reactions and divergent perceptions. Acknowledging the need for caution and respecting such reactions, we observe that at least some are based on either a misunderstanding of the science or misconceptions about the content and flexibility of the existing legal frameworks. Combining medical, legal and ethical expertise, we present and discuss regulatory responses at the national, European and international levels. The discussion has an (...) EU starting point and is meant as a contribution to the general international regulatory debate. Overall, this paper concludes that gene editing technologies should not be regulated autonomously. Rather, potential uses should be regulated under general, existing frameworks and where applicable by reference to sufficiently equivalent technologies and techniques already subject to specific regulation. To be clear, we do not argue for the hasty introduction of gene editing as a reproductive treatment option in the immediate future. We call for caution with regard to overreaching moratoria and prohibitions that will also affect basic research. We recommend flexible regulations that allow for further responsible research into the potential development of the technology. We call for an open and inclusive debate and argue that scientific communication should claim a more prominent role to counter the danger of widespread misinformation. A high level of transparency and accuracy should guide scientific communication while simultaneously global‐scale responsibility and governance should be fostered by promoting cross‐disciplinary thinking and multi‐level stakeholder involvement in legal and regulatory processes. (shrink)

No cenário literário brasileiro do início da década de 1950, chama a atenção a publicação quase simultânea de O mundo da paz e Os subterrâneos da liberdade de Jorge Amado, e Viagem e Memórias do cárcere de Graciliano Ramos. Romancistas brasileiros já consagrados pela crítica e pelo público, ambos revelam nessas publicações a radicalidade com a qual se identificam com o comunismo e com a experiência soviética. Ao mesmo tempo, os relatos de viagem e os livros de memória, se vistos (...) em conjunto, evidenciam a presença de duas tradições narrativas: a literária propriamente dita e a do engajamento político dos intelectuais. Assim, o que se pretende aqui é apresentar como essas duas tradições aparecem na obra dos dois escritores, em especial, em seus relatos de viagem à URSS. Do ponto de vista da militância política e dos recursos literários, ambos escritores se utilizaram, nesses títulos, do “gênero de fronteira” para partilhar com seus leitores algum tipo de comprometimento com a história da política nacional recente, com o comunismo e para avalizar a experiência soviética. (shrink)

Reseña de: Tenreiro Rodríguez, Victoria, Creer en el Otro: La motivación moral a partir de Kant y Levinas, Valencia, Ápeiron Ediciones, 2017, 437 pp. ISBN: 978-84- 17182-51-9.

The traditional perspective on emotions, anchored in the Western philosophical tradition, assumes an irretrievable dualism between emotions and reason. Emotions are assumed as forces, which can blind a person’s view and lead them to do terrible things. For this reason, emotions must be put aside during rational deliberation. For common sense, including legal common sense, emotions are dangerous and are unrelated to rational decision-making. Nevertheless, Aristotelian’s perspective on the relationship between emotions, reason and practical deliberation is enlightening. Emotions are not (...) blind forces completely divorced from reason. Aristotle did not develop a complete theory of emotions but recognized a strong covariance between emotions/passions/sentiments and thoughts. This research is based on three theoretical pillars: Aristotle’s perspective on the relationship between reason and emotions drawn on Nicomachean Ethics and Rethoric, the jurisprudencialism, a jurisphilosophical approach elaborated by António Castanheira Neves, and Terry Maroney’s model for judicial emotion regulation. The power of judgement is assumed mainly as a practical task, which involves the excellence of phronesis, virtues and emotions/sentiments/passions. (shrink)

Entre los diversos temas que permean la Educación en Ciencias (EC), se enfatizan los modos de enseñanza y aprendizaje con foco en los aspectos conceptuales y cognitivos. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo presentar una Filosofía de la Educación en Ciencias (FEC) basada en la Hermenéutica Filosófica (HF) de Hans-Georg Gadamer con el fin de promover un camino ontológico para la EC que pueda sortear el énfasis mencionado. La FEC está constituida por la intersección de tres campos académicos: Filosofía, Filosofía de (...) la Educación y Filosofía de la Ciencia. En Filosofía, el movimiento de comprender entender de manera ontológica explorado por Gadamer permite ver la Hermenéutica más allá de un carácter metodológico. En la Filosofía de la Educación, la HF se extiende a la apropiación del conocimiento, agregando una formación personal en la que hay exposición a la duda, valoración del diálogo, escucha del otro y búsqueda de la comprensión del mundo, pero también de uno mismo. En la Filosofía de la Ciencia, la perspectiva gadameriana permite una visión del trabajo científico en una racionalidad que se entrelaza con aspectos históricos, filosóficos y culturales a través de una aproximación entre la Hermenéutica y las Ciencias Naturales. Señalamos que una EC en la articulación entre estos campos con sesgo gadameriano promueve cambios en la dinámica escolar, en la disposición del alumno y del docente, en la forma de entenderse a sí mismo, al mundo y al lenguaje científico. (shrink)

En una serie de interesantes artículos, esta publicación presenta, de manera innovadora, cómo los diarios más importantes de la Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y México comunican las nociones sobre la pobreza, cómo las encuadran y el lenguaje que utilizan para hacerlo. Los artículos contextualizan estas nociones a través de un análisis multidisciplinario y las relacionan con las teorías contemporáneas más relevantes sobre el tema, así como con el discurso político vigente y las medidas para erradicarla. Los artículos son resultado de las (...) investigaciones llevadas a cabo por el proyecto Pobreza, Lenguaje y Medios: Los Casos de la Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y México (Polame), financiado por el Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). (shrink)

Descrito por Frei Agostinho de Santa Maria no Santuário Mariano, o culto de Nossa Senhora das Brotas, padroeira dos animais doentes, tem como origem um suposto milagre ocorrido na localidade de Brotas no Alto Alentejo, no início do século XV. Culto rural, com base numa história simples entre um pastor e a sua vaca, a lenda de Nossa Senhora de Brotas é um curioso exemplo de regionalismo na iconografia mariana.

En el debate ético contemporáneo coexisten planteamientos derivados de la filosofía moral moderna con otros enfoques que cuestionan sus ambiciones normativas. Estos enfoques se han descrito como “éticas sin moral”, dando por sentado que el término “moral” recoge un aspecto nuclear del pensamiento ético moderno: el deseo de identificar las normas universales objetivas. En este ensayo me propongo examinar si es posible defender la normatividad de la razón sustrayéndose a las críticas esgrimidas desde las contemporáneas éticas sin moral.