Human tragedy could be summed up a single word—death. One first encounters it through the death of others, and then everyone faces it for themselves. The Christian faith confronts humanity’s final foe head on, delivering sustained hope amidst the sorrow and despair of impending death. This paper will first address the central role of the resurrection of the dead in First Corinthians. Second, the paper will present Paul’s retort to several challenges raised against the notion of the resurrection. Finally, the (...) paper will attempt to systematize the means by which Paul proves the resurrection of the dead. (shrink)

The Slavophile movement cannot be properly understood and assessed without taking into account the movement to which it opposed itself, the Westernizers. It was in close contact with the Westernize...

Recent theories have argued that emotions play a central role in moral decision-making and suggested that emotion regulation may be crucial in reducing emotion-linked biases. The present studies focused on the influence of emotional experience and individual differences in emotion regulation on moral choice in dilemmas that pit harming another person against social welfare. During these “harm to save” moral dilemmas, participants experienced mostly fear and sadness but also other emotions such as compassion, guilt, anger, disgust, regret and contempt (Study (...) 1). Fear and disgust were more frequently reported when participants made deontological choices, whereas regret was more frequently reported when participants made utilitarian choices. In addition, habitual reappraisal negatively predicted deontological choices, and this effect was significantly carried through emotional arousal (Study 2). Individual differences in the habitual use of other emotion regulation strategies (i.e., acceptance, rumination and catastrophising) did not influence moral choice. The results of the present studies indicate that negative emotions are commonly experienced during “harm to save” moral dilemmas, and they are associated with a deontological bias. By efficiently reducing emotional arousal, reappraisal can attenuate the emotion-linked deontological bias in moral choice. (shrink)

Many powers-realists assume that the powers of objects are identical with the dispositions of objects and, hence, that ‘power’ and ‘disposition’ are interchangeable. In this article, I aim to disentangle dispositions from powers with the goal of getting a better sense of how powers and dispositions relate to one another. I present and defend a modest realism about dispositions built upon a standard strong realism about powers. I argue that each correct disposition-ascription we can make of an object is made (...) true by the manifestations towards which a given power or collection of powers of the object is directed.RésuméDe nombreux réalistes des pouvoirs supposent que les pouvoirs des objets sont identiques aux dispositions des objets et, par conséquent, que le « pouvoir » et la « disposition » sont interchangeables. Dans cet article, j'ai pour objectif de démêler les dispositions des pouvoirs dans le but d'avoir une meilleure idée de la façon dont les pouvoirs et les dispositions se rapportent les uns aux autres. Je présente et défends un réalisme des dispositions modeste fondées sur un réalisme des pouvoirs standard fort. Je soutiens que chaque disposition-ascription correcte que nous pouvons faire d'un objet est rendue vraie par les manifestations vers lesquelles un pouvoir donné ou une collection de pouvoirs de l'objet est dirigé. (shrink)

In this article I investigate D. H. Lawrence's influence on the development of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's aesthetics, by focusing on the notion of doxa and its relation to art. Deleuze and Guattari's understanding of art as a struggle against opinion emerges from their engagement with Lawrence and gives rise to a form of cultural elitism dating back to Plato. After historically contextualizing their negative attitude toward doxa, I identify a different, Aristotelian tradition, which stresses the positive functions of (...) doxa and offers more nuanced understandings of art, as well as opportunities for the formation of a more inclusive canon. (shrink)

Dans cet article je présente une analyse critique de l’approche habituelle de l’identité mathématique qui a son origine dans les travaux de Frege et Russell, en faisant un contraste avec les approches alternatives de Platon et Geach. Je pose ensuite ce problème dans un cadre de la théorie des catégories et montre que la notion d’identité ne peut pas être « internalisée » par les moyens catégoriques standards. Enfin, je présente deux approches de l’identité mathématique plus spécifiques: une avec la (...) fibration catégorielle et l’autre avec des catégories supérieures faibles. (shrink)

Andrei Timotin | : L’objectif de cette étude est de dégager la structure générale et les articulations de la théorie de la prière de Jamblique et de préciser sa place dans l’histoire du platonisme. Elle montre comment la doctrine de la prière remplace, chez Jamblique, la démonologie médio-platonicienne en tant que théorie de la médiation entre les hommes et les dieux. Cette transformation permet de comprendre l’évolution de la théorie de la prière, dans le cadre de l’histoire du platonisme, (...) d’une pratique religieuse à caractère philosophique vers une réalité d’ordre métaphysique. | : The goal of this study is to bring out the general structure and the articulations of Iamblichus’ theory of prayer and to define its place in the history of Platonism. It shows how the doctrine of prayer replaces, in Iamblichus, the Middle-Platonic demonology as a theory of mediation between men and gods. This transformation allows us to understand the evolution of the theories of prayer in the context of the history of Platonism from a religious practice with philosophical meaning to a metaphysical reality. (shrink)

The article calls in question the widely held opinion that Epicurus developed his concept of prolepsis as an empirical “alternative response” to the Platonic Forms. One tries to show that in fact the prolepsis and the Form produce two different types of knowledge and that their difference goes beyond the fact that the former is empirical while the latter is not: the prolepsis is based on recognition and strives to ascertain the identity of the perceived things, while the Form is (...) based on recollection and seeks to know what their essence or nature is. Recognition and recollection are phenomenologically quite different. However, it is still possible that the Epicurean prolepsis was indebted to Plato, but it was the Plato of the Theaetetus and Philebus rather than that of the Meno and Phaedo. So one holds that Epicurus developed a somehow marginal Platonic epistemology to which he assigned a central and basic role in his own epistemology (the Canon). (shrink)

Abstract:This article explores the representation of human‒animal interaction in D. H. Lawrence's poems "Bat" and "Man and Bat." Many influential critics interpret the poems as emphasizing the lack of connection, hospitality, and empathy between the poet and the bats, focusing on the relentless objectification of the animals and the poet's negative attitude towards them. We argue, however, that these poems can also invite different types of readings, by investigating the ways in which Lawrence employs perceptual and kinetic imagery to create (...) a certain degree of embodied, kinesthetic empathy with the bats. Using theoretical and methodological frameworks from cognitive-literary approaches to kinesthesia and human‒animal studies, we analyze Lawrence's multilayered poetic rendition of human‒animal interaction, to understand how the poet stages the tension between the symbolic/cultural connotations associated with bats and humans' perception of their embodied, affective, and kinetic being. (shrink)

This book, a history of a religious category of ancient philosophy, is the first synthesis on the notion of daimōn in the Platonic tradition. It focuses on the relationship between demonology and, respectively, cosmology, the philosophical hermeneutics of religion and theories of the soul. Histoire d’une catégorie religieuse de la philosophie ancienne, ce livre représente la première synthèse sur la notion de daimōn dans la tradition platonicienne. Il étudie les relations de la démonologie avec la cosmologie, l’herméneutique philosophique de la (...) religion et les théories de l’âme. (shrink)

We construct a computable vector space with the trivial computable automorphism group, but with the dependence relations as complicated as possible, measured by their Turing degrees. As a corollary, we answer a question asked by A.S. Morozov in [Rigid constructive modules, Algebra and Logic, 28 570–583 ; 379–387 ].

In his article, Vsevolod Ladov poses an important question – might paradoxes admit of a uniform solution? As an answer, I propose looking at an approach in which it is argued that we must recognize the truth predicate as merely analogous to a vague predicate. The proponents of this approach (V. McGee, J. Tappenden, H. Field, G. Priest and D. Hyde) insist that there is a structural relation between sorites paradoxes and self-reference paradoxes and that they should have a unified (...) solution. (shrink)

In 1993, the American logic S. Yablo was proposed an original infinitive formulation of the classical ≪Liar≫ paradox. It questioned the traditional notion of self-reference as the basic structure for semantic paradoxes. The article considers the arguments underlying two different approaches to analysis of proposals of the ≪Infinite Liar≫ and understanding of the genuine sources for semantic paradoxes. The first approach (V. Valpola, G.-H. von Wright, T. Bolander, etc.) imposes responsibility for the emergence of semantic paradoxes on the negation of (...) the truth predicate. It deprives the ≪Infinite Liar≫ sentences of consistent truth values. The second approach is based on a modified version of anaphoric prosententialism (D. Grover, R. Brandom, etc.). The concepts of truth and falsehood are treated as special anaphoric operators. Logical constructs similar to the ≪Infinite Liar≫ do not attribute any definite truth values to sentences from which they are composed, but only state certain types of relations between the semantic content of such sentences. (shrink)

Russian Marxism was fairly late to address building its own understandings of the Russian historical process. Moreover, the Bolsheviks did not have their own historiography of “Russian history” despite the fact that, beginning in 1918, they began more and more vehemently claiming not just total ideological control but also intellectual hegemony. A confrontation between “Marxist” and “non-Marxist” understandings arose. At the same time, the real disputes within the camp of Marxist historians came down to a confrontation between the versions of (...) the historical process proposed by Georgi V. Plekhanov and Mikhail N. Pokrovskii back in the 1910s. This article broadly analyzes the disputes in the Marxist camp, from pressing political implications such as attitudes toward the state to the definition of the place of “historical facts” in theory and interpretation. We also demonstrate that it was, in fact, the understandings of Plekhanov, Leon D. Trotsky, and Pokrovskii that continue, both explicitly and implicitly, the legacy of Vasily O. Klyuchevsky’s historical schema and his understanding of the “state school,” a legacy that has remained unstudied until now. (shrink)

The Franciscan Geraldus Odonis (d. 1349) presented his indivisibilist theory of continua in Paris at a time when similar theses were advanced in the studia across the Channel. The Chancellor of the University of Oxford, Henry of Harclay (d. 1317), caused considerable stir among his colleagues by endorsing a mathematical atomism, and his most famous follower, Walter Chatton, O. F. M., developed his brand of atomism in the early 1320s. The present article focuses on one of the five different redactions (...) of Odonis’s famous question De continuo, preserved in his commentary on Book ii of Peter Lombard’s Sentences (d. 44, q. 4). The first part of the article examines the main differences between the various redactions of the question De continuo. The second part explores the philosophical content and the circumstances surrounding the redaction found in Book ii of Odonis’s Sentences commentary. While acknowledging that Odonis’s atomism is similar to Harclay’s, it is argued that Odonis’s theory is a significant departure from the type of atomism espoused by Harclay. The Appendix provides the first complete critical edition of the said redaction of Odonis’s question De continuo. (shrink)

A partir d'une comparaison entre deux théories de la lecture - celle de Michel Charles et celle de Pierre Bayard -, et à partir de ce que la psychologie sociale appelle un "biais de confirmation", cet article essaie de comprendre la manière dont la lecture peut contribuer à une forme d'enfermement du lecteur, à un certain dogmatisme. Ce dernier est envisagé ici sous la forme de ce que l'épistémologie des vertus considère comme un "vice intellectuel". L'analyse repose sur un exemple (...) concret, sur les pratiques de lecture de l'essayiste E. Cioran telles qu'on les retrouve dans ses Cahiers (1957-1972). Cet article s'inscrit dans une réflexion plus générale consacrée aux conditions de possibilité d'une lecture vertueuse. (shrink)

La nécessité d’une traduction française nouvelle des écrits de Maxime de Tyr se faisait depuis longtemps ressentir. Plus de deux siècles se sont en effet écoulés depuis la traduction de Jean-Isaac Combes-Dounous (1758-1820) (2 tomes, Paris, 1802), magistrat et helléniste qui avait publié aussi un Essai historique sur Platon, et coup d’œil rapide sur l’histoire du platonisme depuis Platon jusqu’à nous (2 tomes, Paris, 1809), ouvrage aujourd’hui oublié mais qui avait fait parler de lui en son t...

In their recent book, Epistemology and the Psychology of Human Judgment, Michael Bishop and J.D. Trout have challenged Standard Analytic Epistemology (SAE) in all its guises and have endorsed a version of the "replacement thesis"--proponents of which aim at replacing the standard questions of SAE with psychological questions. In this article I argue that Bishop and Trout offer an incomplete epistemology that, as formulated, cannot address many of the core issues that motivate interest in epistemological questions to begin with, and (...) so is not a fit replacement. (shrink)

Au sein de la tradition bouddhiste, les questions sur l’existence et la nature du sujet des actions et des pensées reposent non seulement sur une métaphysique de la personne mais aussi sur une ontologie considérant les dharmas (choses et phénomènes) comme vides de nature propre. Cette idée se retrouve dans la doctrine du non-soi, qui nie l’existence d’un quelconque moi comme principe sous-jacent d’une personne, au risque de rendre difficilement compréhensible l’idée de subjectivité, d’agentivité et de responsabilité en matière morale. (...) Il s’agira d’en analyser ici la portée notamment, mais non exclusivement, à travers l’enseignement bouddhiste transmis par Nāgārjuna (env. 150-250), dont la démarche sotériologique appréhende la continuité psychologique de la personne en l’absence d’une nature propre stable. (shrink)

Каково состояние исследований Марксовой и марксистской мысли в постсоветской России последнего десятилетия? У сторонников марксистской мысли есть своя аудитория; они работают, прежде всего, в области политической философии, однако их труды занимают в ней лишь скромнее место. Заслуживает упоминания школа «критического марксизма» во главе с экономистом А.В.Бузгалиным, которая претендует быть современной версией марксизма. Близок к этой школе социолог и политический теоретик Б.Ю.Кагарлицкий. Проблемы философии истории и теории культуры находят оригинальную трактовку в работах В.М.Межуева. В целом современные исследования марксистской ориентации, отличающиеся яростной (...) критикой советского периода, используют марксистские понятия для изучения актуальных социальных проблем, как в России, так и в мире в целом. Quel est l’état des recherches marxiennes et marxistes dans la Russie postsoviétique de la dernière décennie? Les marxistes y ont encore une audience ; ils relèvent de la philosophie politique de la Russie contemporaine, mais leurs travaux y ont une place très modeste. L’école qui mérite le plus de retenir l’attention est celle du « marxisme critique », dirigée par l’économiste A. V. Bouzgaline ; elle a l’ambition de représenter la forme contemporaine du marxisme. Proche d’elle est le sociologue et théoricien de la science politique B. Y. Kagarlitski. Ce marxisme critique est sévère à l’égard de l’époque soviétique, mais également à l’égard du capitalisme contemporain. Les problèmes de philosophie de l’histoire et de théorie de la culture trouvent un traitement original dans les travaux de V. M. Mejouïev. Globalement, les recherches marxisantes actuelles, très véhémentes dans leur critique de la période soviétique, utilisent des concepts marxistes pour étudier les problèmes sociaux actuels, tant en Russie que dans le monde en général. How can we describe the status of both Marxian and Marxist research in post-Soviet Russia in the last decade? Marxists still have an audience; they are part of the political philosophy of contemporary Russia, but their works enjoy very limited attention. The school that deserves most attention is that of “critical Marxism”, whose leader is the economist A. V. Buzgalin, which aims at representing the contemporary form of Marxism. It is close to the sociological approach of the political science theorist B. Y. Kagarlitsky. This critical Marxism is ruthless towards the Soviet era, but also tough on contemporary capitalism. The problems adressed by the philosophy of history and of theory of culture receive an original treatment in V. M. Mezhuev. More globally, contemporary Marxist researches, however vehement in their criticism of the Soviet period, use Marxist concepts to study current social issues, both in Russia and in the world in general. (shrink)

Notre article analyse deux passages curieux du traité Sur les difficultés relatives à l’âme III. De la vision (Enn. IV.5,3 et 8), dans lesquels Plotin paraît concevoir la possibilité d’un autre univers, situé en dehors du nôtre. Or, cet autre univers doit rester inconnu pour nous à jamais, quand bien même il y aurait un « oeil placé sur le dos du Ciel » qui voudrait le voir. En outre, nous ne saurons même pas décider si cet univers existe ou (...) non. En effet, explique Plotin, plusieurs univers ne peuvent absolument pas communiquer entre eux, précisément parce qu’ils forment des univers différents. S’ils communiquaient, ils seraient autant de parties du même univers et non pas des univers séparés, parce que la communication (la sympathie dans les termes de Plotin) circule seulement à l’intérieur du même univers. Nous rapprochons cet intéressant argument de certaines idées astrophysiques modernes et de la philosophie « des mondes possible » de David Lewis, sans pour autant pratiquer une lecture « modernisante » de Plotin. (shrink)

1 / On sait que pour Aristote la vertu est une moyenne entre deux vices extrêmes et opposés : l’un par défaut, l’autre par excès. Par exemple, le courage est l’art d’éviter aussi bien la lâcheté que la témérité en choisissant une moyenne située entre les deux. De même, on risque de s’écarter de cette autre vertu qu’est la générosité ou bien par défaut, et c’est...

Cet article met en question une tendance postmoderne assez répandue: celle de reconstruire abusivement la signification d’un texte du passé, de telle façon que ce texte puisse jouer le rôle d’allié ou d’ennemi dans nos guerres idéologiques. L’exemple choisi c’est un article d’Umberto Eco - «Anti-Porfirio» ainsi qu’un chapitre parallèle de son livre Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language. Selon Eco, le fameux «Arbre de Porphyre» serait une illustration graphique de ce qu’il appelle «pensée forte». Or, cette pensée aurait été (...) minée depuis longtemps - affirme Eco - par la «pensée faible» qu’il retrouve dans la soi-disant «pensée encyclopédique», et ce sont déjà certains textes d’Aristote ou de Thomas d’Aquin, qui en attestent la présence. De plus, Eco pense avoir trouvé dans le Discours préliminaire d’Alembert, oeuvre qui préface l’Encyclopédie française, un devancier de la «pensée faible» postmoderne. Il s’apparente, selon lui, au «rhizome» décrit par G. Deleuze. Aussi cette «pensée encyclopédique» est-elle l’opposé même de la logique incarnée par l’antique «Arbre de Porphyre». L’article tâche de montrer qu’Umberto Eco a beaucoup déformé certaines idées des philosophes mentionnés là-dessus. En effet, il a tendance à discuter les textes pertinents hors de leur contexte métaphysique originaire, tout en en omettant certains aspects décisifs. D’après Eco, Thomas d’Aquin et surtout d’Alembert auraient anticipé le postmodernisme, ce qui, selon moi, n’est pas du tout le cas. Je crois que, en effet, Eco a donné moins une description tant soit peu fidèle d’un passé philosophique qu’une reconstruction relativement abusive de ce passé, légitimant ainsi ses propres vues philosophiques. (shrink)

The nonlocality phenomena exhibited by entangled quantum systems are certainly one of the most extraordinary aspects of quantum theory. This book discusses this phe nomenon according to several points of view, i.e., according to different interpretations of the mathematics of the quantum formalism. The several interpretations of the Copenhagen interpretation, the many worlds, the de Broglie-Bohm, quantum logics, the decohering by the environment approach and the histories approach interpretations are scrutinized and criticized in detail. Recent results on cryptography, quantum bit (...) commitment, quantum erasers and teleportation are also presented and discussed. In preparing the book we benefited from discussions with many people, but we would like, in particular, to express our gratitude to Professor B. d'Espagnat for his useful comments and suggestions. We are grateful also to Ms. L. Gentry EI-Dash for the English revision, to Dr. 1. E. Maiorino for the production of the figures and a careful reading of the manuscript, and for the statI of Plenum for advice and for having produced a nice book. Finally, the authors thank FAPESP (contract no. I 99612657-0) for a grant making this book possible. A. A. ORIB AND W. A. RODRIGUES, JR. (shrink)

In my review, I evaluate the first translation of Dale Jacquette’s book entitled Alexius Meinong, The Shepherd of Non-Being into Russian. First of all, I point out the relevance of the publication of this translation. It is conditioned, in my view, by the fact that the person of Alexius Meinong—one of the important representatives of the school of Franz Brentano—still remains undeservedly forgotten and not enough studied in both domestic and foreign history of philosophy. At the same time, studying the (...) legacy of Meinong could shed the light on the peculiarity of the processes that took place in European philosophy at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, as well as show the common sources of such divergent directions in modern philosophy as analytical philosophy and phenomenology. Moreover, philosophy of Meinong could discover some perspectives for modern thought that other philosophers of the past cannot indicate. All these points, in my opinion, are taken into account in Jacquette’s monograph. The advantage of his research is that he reconstructs the philosophy of Meinong, his theory of objects in a very broad historical and philosophical context of both phenomenological (F.Brentano, E.Husserl) and analytical (B.Russell, W.V.O.Quine, D.K.Lewis, S.Kripke) traditions. Systematically, the center of Meinong’s theory of objects is the doctrine of so-called Außersein of the objects, which can be considered not only as existing, but as not yet existing, no longer existing and even impossible. As conclusion, I criticize the translations of some of Meinong/Jacquette terms used in the monograph under review. (shrink)

This handbook offers a deep analysis of the main forms of legal reasoning and argumentation from both a logical-philosophical and legal perspective. These forms are covered in an exhaustive and critical fashion, and the handbook accordingly divides in three parts: the first one introduces and discusses the basic concepts of practical reasoning. The second one discusses the main general forms of reasoning and argumentation relevant for legal discourse. The third one looks at their application in law as well as at (...) the different areas of legal reasoning. The handbook’s division in three parts reflects its conceptual architecture, since legal reasoning and argumentation are considered in relation to the more general types of reasoning. (shrink)

We establish that the isomorphism problem for the classes of computable nilpotent rings, distributive lattices, nilpotent groups, and nilpotent semigroups is \-complete, which is as complicated as possible. The method we use is based on uniform effective interpretations of computable binary relations into computable structures from the corresponding algebraic classes.

An analysis of the Delos capital makes it possible to outline a method of argumentation (based on the traces preserved on the surface of the eye) in favour of hypotheses about the methods of tracing the external and internal spirals. Based on these methods, an attempt has also been made to identify the Vitruvian indications. We have analysed the integration of the spiral in the composition of the whole facade of several Hellenistic Ionic capitals (from Halicarnassus, Priene, Magnesia on the (...) Meander, Didymes, Sardis and Delos) and a fortiori of the capital described by Vitruvius, having in view the width (D), the height of the volute (G), the height of the interior tangent of the volute (N) and the secondary diagonal (Ds). The constant, so to speak, utilisation was established of pentagons as important elements of the geometrical support in the architectural composition. Thus, the presence of a "common denominator" in the internal geometry of these capitals argues strongly in favour of a research procedure on the internal — geometrical — support of the composition of Ionic capitals. (shrink)

Hans-Georg GADAMER, Hermeneutische Entwürfe. Vorträge und Aufsätze ; Pascal MICHON, Poétique d’une anti-anthropologie: l’herméneutique deGadamer ; Robert J. DOSTAL, The Cambridge Companion to Gadamer ; Denis SERON, Le problème de la métaphysique. Recherches sur l’interprétation heideggerienne de Platon et d’Aristote ; Henry MALDINEY, Ouvrir le rien. L’art nu ; Dominique JANICAUD, Heidegger en France, I. Récit; II. Entretiens ; Maurice MERLEAU-PONTY, Fenomenologia percepţiei ; Trish GLAZEBROOK, Heidegger’s Philosophy of Science ; Richard WOLIN, Heidegger’s Children. Hannah Arendt, Karl Löwith, Hans Jonas (...) and Herbert Marcuse ; Ivo DEGENNARO, Logos – Heidegger liest Heraklit ; O. K. WIEGAND, R. J. DOSTAL, L. EMBREE, J. KOCKELMANS and J. N. MOHANTY, Phenomenology on Kant, German Idealism, Hermeneutics and Logic ; James FAULCONER and Mark WRATHALL, Appropriating Heidegger. (shrink)

Відношення М. Гайдеґґера до екзистенціальної філософії є одним із питань, що глибоко контаміновані амбівалентними тлумаченнями самого філософа, які викривляють траєкторію об'єктивного історико-філософського дослідження дійсних зв'язків між Гайдеґґеровим дискурсом і спадщиною мислителів-екзистенціалістів. Аналіз рефлексивної літератури з проблеми ідентифікації характеру інтерференцій між філософськими дискурсами М. Гайдеґґера і С. К'єркегора дозволив виявити критичні лінії доксографії та історіографії. Установлено, що саме історіографічний підхід забезпечує об'єктивне дослідження генетичного зв'язку категорій Гайдеґґерової парадигми з омонімічним поняттям С. К'єркегора.

This study investigates processing of interrogative filler-gap dependencies in which the filler integration site or gap is not directly subcategorized by the verb. This is the case when the wh-filler is a structural adjunct such as how or when rather than subject or object. Two self-paced reading experiments in English and Slovenian provide converging cross-linguistic evidence that wh-adjuncts elicit a kind of memory storage cost similar to that previously shown in the literature for wh-arguments. Experiment 1 investigates the storage costs (...) elicited by the adjunct when in Slovenian, and Experiment 2 the storage costs elicited by how quickly and why in English. The results support the class of theories of storage costs based on the metric in terms of incomplete phrase structure rules or incomplete syntactic head predictions. We also demonstrate that the endpoint of the storage cost for a wh-adjunct filler provides valuable processing evidence for its base structural position, the identification of which remains a rather murky issue in current grammatical research. (shrink)

У статті досліджується кореляція історичного та екзистенційного вимірів містичної свідомості на прикладі твору Мехтільди Магдебурзької "Струменіюче світло Божества". Герменевтика містичного тексту дозволяє визначити ключові екзистенціали суб'єктивації містичного досвіду в межах середньовічної світоглядної парадигми. Встановлено, що еротична спрямованість містичного дискурсу твору середньовічної візіонерки розкриває глибинний екзистенційний вимір релігійної свідомості.

У статті досліджується містична рефлексія мовлення у творі Мехтільди Магдебурзької "Струменіюче світло Божества". Позиція мовця в містичному дискурсі твору є позицією суб'єкта містичного союзу, який завжди тримає феноменологічну дистанцію між власним ''Я'', оточуючим світом та Богом. Встановлено, що містична релігійна література поєднує філософську рефлексію з ліричним натхненням.

У статті досліджується можливість раціональної реконструкції концептуальної форми суб'єкта з дискурсивної площини містичного філософування. Визначено підходи до сучасного розуміння філософського містицизму. Доведено онтологічний статус містичного виміру буття свідомості людини.

In the domain of the Ukrainian history of philosophy one can clearly observe symptoms of eclecticism, contamination, and methodological ambiguity. Such situation is rooted in continuous insufficiency of the methodological framework of Ukrainian philosophy, split by competing ideological structures. Critical condition of humanitarian epistemology is aggravated by the urgent need to overtake foreign studies in the corresponding field, which constantly increase in number and evolve in character. The article aims at critical assessment of methodological approaches to historical philosophical analysis within (...) the light of current philosophical studies. Analysis of the relevant literature on the problem of how to identify the character of interference between the target philosophical discourse and the discourse of the historical reconstruction allowed revealing the critical lines of relativist archeology and traditional historiography. Relativist approach is averted from the dimension of concrete texts to logical anachronistic speculations over seemingly evident contextual links. Such strategy is legitimate to sustain logical descriptions of the categories exempted from the certain paradigm but it is useless to reveal factual genealogical links between the discourses of the two philosophers. Descriptive studies seem to fall prey to hermeneutic ambiguity in referring to a set of ideas forming the canon of perennial philosophy. It is proved that historiographical approach enables to objectively examine genetic relations between various corpora of philosophical texts. Nowadays the Ukrainian historico-philosophical science is going through a harsh crisis of methodology, caused by distortion of universal coordinates of scientific thinking allegedly providing the condition of the so-called methodological pluralism. Numerous discussions focus on the question about the very scientific nature of history of philosophy as a branch of knowledge. The tendency which appears to prevail in such disputes defines history of philosophy as philosophy in contrast to the opinion that history of philosophy should be rather seen as approximate to social history. (shrink)

Heidegger and Badiou are not likely to be received as philosophical figures inheriting much in common. The only obvious ground which backs both thinkers is that of ontology as primary focus of their intellectual endeavors. However, this is divergence between their philosophies what makes an attempt to reveal some other conceptual foundations their doctrines have in common so important for a historian of the recent transformations in philosophy. The concept of subject looks as an indicator of differences between Heidegger and (...) Badiou, since Heideggerian destruction of the metaphysics of subject is opposed by positive and affirmative indoctrination of subject developed by Badiou. Affirmative concept of the subject implies certain references to Heidegger's negative hermeneutics of the Modern subjectivity where it says about reactionary subject or dark subject. As we see Badiou skillfully attunes his conception to the profound destructivity of Heidegger's negation of subject. What these two thinkers share is certainly the need for a middle term between totality and unifying force of being and particularity and contingency of the individual human life, which would be efficient in denoting the very transition of the particular into the common. The early Heidegger of decisive Dasein can be regarded as a forerunner of the Maoist revolutionary subject of Badiou, with its prophecy of becoming a historical driving force and gathering the strength of the particular around a traumatic Event. For both Heidegger and Badiou the "movement" of truth proceeds trough a series of choices which cannot be governed by a law or "an algorithm." The indiscernible truth forces a subject to permanently find him/herself amid the "undecidable." The procedure of fidelity traverses the existent knowledge. One can scarcely know whether an event has taken place, one can rather bet upon its truth. For both philosophers the concept of truth is indissolubly connected with the problems of ethics. Heidegger points to the "most primordial truth," which is the "truth of existence." Abiding in this truth, Dasein discloses itself to itself and discovers its ownmost potentiality-for-Being. (shrink)

Non-classical logic via approximation of self-referential sentences by dynamical systems are consistently presented. The new 6-valued truth values (here A=Liar, V=TruthTeller) are presented as a function of the classical truth values xi ∈ {0,1}, which resulted in a philosophical standpoint known as Suszko’s Thesis. Three-valued truth tables were created corresponding to Priest’s tables of the same name. In the process of constructing 4-valued truth tables, two more new truth values (va, av) were revealed that do not coincide with the four (...) original ones. Therefore, the closed tables turned out to be 6-valued. Prof Dunn’s 4-valued truth tables are compared with our 4-valued truth tables. De Morgan’s laws are confirmed by six-valued truth tables. Constructed 3-, 4- and 6-valued lattices obeying De Morgan’s laws. (shrink)