El artículo pone en escena la propuesta del Derecho Comunitario en el ámbito de los países de América Latina. Para el autor, el proceso de integración entre las naciones latinoamericanas plantea el reto de su estructuración y viabilidad, por lo que resulta imperioso encontrar fórmulas de conciliación entre un Derecho de integración y un cierto tipo de nacionalismo económico no ortodoxo, así como la redefinición del concepto clásico de soberanía absoluta en el sentido de su operacionalidad flexible y plural dentro (...) de una soberanía compartida. No obstante las dificultades, los esfuerzos en defensa del comunitarismo latinoamericano, pasan también por la democratización radical de las instituciones estatales nacionales y por la consolidación de un nuevo concepto de ciudadanía (ciudadanía comunitaria). (shrink)

The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is not new. Many entrepreneurs created and developed companies along the time, with a strong sense of ethical and social responsibility. This article presents an example of how CSR was conceived and put into practice when Caja de Pensiones para la Vejez y de Ahorros was created in Barcelona in 1905, following the life and ideas of its founder, Francesc Moragas, a lawyer with a deep commitment for social action and a successful conception (...) of the technical and economic dimensions of a financial and social institution. (shrink)

O caderno Filosofia e Consciência Negra: desconstruindo o racismo que integra a Coleção Saberes e Práticas 1 da EdUFMT é resultado da experiência dos bolsistas do PIBID, Estudantes da Licenciatura em Filosofia da UFMT campus Cuiabá em atuação nas escolas estaduais sob a supervisão, coordenação e organização dos professores aqui autores que possuem formação em Filosofia e, se configura em um convite à reflexão e discussão sobre um dos principais problemas do mundo contemporâneo: o racismo. Palavras chave: Filosofia; Consciência; Racismo.

Antônio de Castro Alves was born on 1 March 1847 on the Fazenda das Cabaceiras (Cabaceiras Farm) in the state of Bahia, and died in July 1871 in Salvador, the state capital. For this short twenty-four year span of his life he represented, as no one else in Brazil did, the myth of the Romantic poet and hero.His literary vocation became clear very early on. Coming from a well-to-do family, he studied law in Recife (the capital of Pernambuco), Salvador and (...) São Paulo. He fell in love with a Portuguese actress, Eugênia Câmara, ten years older than himself, and had the deep experience of a love affair with her that shocked the moral provincialism of contemporary Catholic monarchist Brazil. Like many writers of the period he wrote plays, and had great success with the drama Gonzaga, or the Minas Revolution, about the (abortive) attempt to free Brazil from the Portuguese yoke, which had been made in Minas Gerais in the eighteenth century. But it was in poetry – Espumas flutuantes (‘Floating Foam’, 1870) as well as the posthumous A cachoeira de Paulo Alfonso (‘Paulo Alfonso's Waterfall’, 1876) and Os escravos (‘The Slaves’, 1883) – that Castro Alves stood out on the country's literary scene. (shrink)

We introduce a generalization of MV algebras motivated by the investigations into the structure of quantum logical gates. After laying down the foundations of the structure theory for such quasi-MV algebras, we show that every quasi-MV algebra is embeddable into the direct product of an MV algebra and a “flat” quasi-MV algebra, and prove a completeness result w.r.t. a standard quasi-MV algebra over the complex numbers.

Edith Stein and Gerda Walther explain how community comes to be and how it is structured, but they do not develop significant accounts of how communities disintegrate or die, albeit they make passing allusions to how this may happen. I argue that what makes communities vulnerable to their possible demise, following both Stein’s and Walther’s social ontology, is the breakdown of the sense of the communal bond, that is, the failure of the community members’ ability to make sense of their (...) relationship to one another. Just as sense-making and sense-building can help give birth and meaning to communities, sense disintegration and the dying of the sense of a community bespeak a vulnerability that lies at the very core of all communities. In addition to the vulnerability of sense-making, I argue that the lived-body and habit also pose important challenges to the very possibility of community. (shrink)

Among the tools of philosophical work, the dialogue, as form of live "transaction" between two or more persons, seems to have its beginning and its end with Socrates. Along the subsequent development of our philosophical tradition the dialogue reappears only as literary genre. The essay aims to suggest that the live philosophical dialogue, if offered in new forms as a distributed social practice arranged and supported by the professional skills of philosopher, shows some promise of widening the boundaries of the (...) examined life. (shrink)

We prove Fraïssé’s conjecture within the system of Π11-comprehension. Furthermore, we prove that Fraïssé’s conjecture follows from the Δ20-bqo-ness of 3 over the system of Arithmetic Transfinite Recursion, and that the Δ20-bqo-ness of 3 is a Π21-statement strictly weaker than Π11-comprehension.

The present brief commentary to Englert’s recent article on Kant’s distinction between practical ideas and ideals extends the significance of its contribution by considering the psychological dimensions underpinned by those ethical concepts. According to regulatory focus theory, in the moral domain the prevention focus subsumes duties and obligations, whereas the promotion focus underlies aspirations toward virtue. I argue here that prevention motives induce the enactment of behaviours consistent with ethical rules corresponding to Kant’s practical idea, and that promotion motives inspire (...) imitation processes aimed at advancement toward the archetypal excellence of Kant’s practical ideal. I conclude discussing the relevance and value, beyond Kant’s ethical conception, of a psychological analysis of the main Western normative theories through the lens of regulatory focus and the other motivational primitives. (shrink)

The essay examines Thomas Hill Green’s idealistic reading of Aristotle’s Metaphysics and De anima, starting from his “monopsychist” view of human understanding. His criticism of the Aristotelian notion of substance leads him to a recalibration of hylomorphism and a “noetization” of matter, which could be seen as an averroizing move. Green holds that there is only one “Eternal Consciousness” and that the individual thinking subjects are particular manifestations of it. As for Averroes’ unity of intellect, this idea derives from a (...) “left-wing” account of the potency of thought. But there are several other ontological, ethical, religious, and political consequences in making potency something essentially spiritual. The comparison between the two philosophers could help to throw light on the ‘obscure’ conception of “Eternal Consciousness”. (shrink)

First, there will be as close and detailed an analysis as possible of the first two chapters of the second book of Posterior Analytics, which constitute the canonical place of the controversy, in Order to determine the meaning that should be restored there to the clause εἰ ἔστιν. After this, we will try to corroborate the conclusion we arrive at concerning the clause mentioned above by applying it to the subsequent passages of the same book where this question is raised (...) again, either implicitly or explicitly. Finally, an examination will be made of the rest of the passages of the Aristotelian corpus, where the critic has found the occurrence of the alleged “hypothesis of existence”, chiefly in the second book of the Prior Analytics, in order to verify if such passages also offer the possibility of a reading consistent with that offered by the first two chapters initially studied. The conclusion will be that no traces of existential concern are found in any of the places searched, nor in general, in any of the connected texts within the Aristotelian corpus, and that the reading of the clause εἰ ἔστιν and of the corresponding scientific hypotheses from an existential angle are the result of a modern contamination whose origin will be diagnosed. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o racismo institucional que é perpetuado na manutenção da cobrança do Imposto sobre a Propriedade Territorial Urbana (IPTU) aos terreiros no município de Poções, na Bahia, bem como sobre a necessidade da implementação de políticas públicas e de uma hermenêutica jurídica decolonial que valorizem a cultura afrodiaspórica. O estudo se ancorou à luz da Constituição Federal de 1988, trazendo destaque para a discussão do racismo dentro das políticas públicas, os conceitos de tributo e (...) de imunidade tributária como um processo político e de decolonialidade. O percurso metodológico trilhou por uma abordagem qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico, com base na legislação brasileira e em artigos científicos, dissertações e livros disponibilizados pela Internet. O recorte temporal corresponde aos dois últimos exercícios 2021 e 2022 para cobrança do IPTU dos imóveis urbanos do município de Poções. Por fim, considera-se que a insistente cobrança do IPTU em espaços de culto religioso de matriz africana, contrariando o cumprimento da Constituição federal de 1988 repercute os fortes resquícios patriarcais e racistas em que a sociedade brasileira ainda perpetua em suas práticas cotidianas. (shrink)

We show that the complete first order theory of an MV algebra has equation image countable models unless the MV algebra is finitely valued. So, Vaught's Conjecture holds for all MV algebras except, possibly, for finitely valued ones. Additionally, we show that the complete theories of finitely valued MV algebras are equation image and that all ω-categorical complete theories of MV algebras are finitely axiomatizable and decidable. As a final result we prove that the free algebra on countably many generators (...) of any locally finite variety of MV algebras is ω-categorical. (shrink)

These are the lecture notes from a 10-hour course that the author gave at the University of Notre Dame in September 2010. The objective of the course was to introduce some basic concepts in computable structure theory and develop the background needed to understand the author’s research on back-and-forth relations.

El aumento considerable de la capacidad de la inteligencia artificial (IA) implica un alto consumo de recursos energéticos. La situación ambiental actual, caracterizada por la acuciante degradación de ecosistemas y la ruptura del equilibrio, exige tomar medidas en diversos ámbitos. La IA no puede quedar al margen, y aunque es empleada para objetivos de sostenibilidad, debe plantearse como sostenible en términos integrales. La propuesta de una inteligencia artificial sostenible se argumenta a partir de una evaluación ética constructiva, donde la inclusión (...) y la participación de los grupos de interés representan dos elementos fundamentales. (shrink)

Apresentação sobre o número especial Rousseau.

The text discusses the theological concept of Christ the Savior, from an argumentative and systematic method. In this perspective, as part of the biblical text in order to clarify the principal said that evidence the saving act of Christ. Later, he develops a theological reading about these sayings, within the Christian theology and exegesis. Proceeds in an exercise to find the rational structure of the arguments discussed in an attempt to bring unity to the arguments and solidification. And he ends (...) with the route of the Church to announce and legitimize their interpretations of the truth of salvation in Christ. In short, this is an exercise in theological reflection that seeks to analyze and discuss the various meanings and understandings about the reality of Christ's saving and, moreover, point to some interpretations about its most fundamental mystery of salvation. (shrink)

Kenny’s book on Wittgenstein has been studied by hundreds of students. What happens when a student comes to the lecturer and says that Kenny’s formula for the number of truth-functions is wrong? You read the 2006 revised edition of the book and realise that the student is right and are ashamed at not having pointed this out to the class. Then you try to focus on which misunderstandings may lie behind the wrong formula. This is what we are trying to (...) do in these short remarks. (shrink)

In this paper, we present a formal interpretive account of Jean Piaget’s theory of the morality that regulates social exchanges, which we call interactional morality. First, we place Piaget’s conception in the context of his epistemological and sociological works. Then, we review the core of that conception: the two types of interactional moralities that Piaget identified to be usual in social exchanges, and the role that the notion of respect-for-the-other plays in their definition. Next, we analyze the main features of (...) social exchanges that are subject to each of those two types of interactional moralities. Following, we formalize Piaget’s account of how the two types of interactional moralities can be put to regulate social exchanges in which values, norms, beliefs, and goals are exchanged, so that interactional commitments can be established among the participants. Then, we sketch a moral reasoning system able to support formal reasonings about interactional moralities. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of the overall formal model of interactional moralities that resulted from our study by applying it to the explication of some of the conclusions achieved by Piaget in his moral studies about children games. (shrink)

La tradicional lectura de la materiaprima aristotélica, que está próxima al serpero accidentalmente es un no ser, la presenta,por un lado, como eterna y en potencia pararecibir formas; por otro lado, como generable ycorruptible, en cuanto constituyente de la sustanciaprimera. Averroes va a entender la materiaprima corno eterna y perteneciendo al árnbito de!ser, pero con un modo de ser en potencia, esencialmentedistinto de! modo de ser en acto de laforma. Ser en potencia de la materia prima que ladispone para existir (...) después en acto, es decir, lamataria posee un ser en potencia incompleto queserá completado por e! ser en acto de la forma yconstituir una sustancia individual. La materiaprima de Tomás de Aquino, por otro lado, nopertenece, por sí misma, al árnbito de! ser, que sereduce a ser en acto o ser formal. Es un no ente,un no existente que puede ser. Su pertenencia alser la recibe de! ser en acto de la forma en lasustancia corpórea. La imposibilidad, para lamateria prima, de existir sin forma es absolutaporque considera que la proposición "la materiaexiste" encierra en sus términos contradicción.Finalmente, para Olivo, la materia prima estádotada de un acto de ser si bien distinto de! actode ser de la forma. Si e! acto de ser de la forma esdeterminativo e indeterminable, e! acto de ser dela materia prima es indeterminado y determinable.E! acto de ser formal determina y perfeccionaal acto de ser material para constituir una sustanciaindividual corpórea. - De las distintas manerasde concebir la hyle se seguirán distintasmanaras de concebir la naturaleza. (shrink)

A representação em gravura de D. Isabel de Aragão não pode dissociar-se do processo político- -devocional que rodeia primeiro a memória e depois a formalização do culto da insigne soberana e do papel outorgado à gravura na comunicação de ideias e formas numa sociedade onde a sua circulação é necessariamente limitada. Com efeito, se os ritmos do processo canónico e da própria divulgação do culto seguem de perto os avatares do poder real – num processo reconhecível, de múltiplas formas, entre (...) os alvores do século XVI e o declinar do século XVIII –, a produção imagética em torno da devoção à Rainha Santa e, dentro dela, a produção gravada (necessariamente dependente dos progressos dos meios tipográficos) permitem acompanhar, em termos genéricos e conjunturais, esse mesmo ritmo afirmativo de um culto que se revelaria estrutural na afirmação de valores centrais à dimensão nacional e à projecção exterior da soberania e que o próprio estatuto régio da sua titular favorecia. Neste contexto, a projecção em gravura da devoção à solícita e caridosa Rainha, ilustre pelo sangue e pelas obras, constitui, inegavelmente, um objecto do maior interesse, não somente no domínio da História da Arte, mas no da própria História. (shrink)

Este artículo afirma que la fenomenología, realización de la idea de filosofía como ciencia estricta, es la respuesta husserliana a la crisis epistemológica y ontológica que padecen la ciencia y la filosofía de su tiempo. Pero el sentido último de esta ciencia estricta fenomenológica es atender los problemas existenciales del ser humano debidos al divorcio establecido entre razón y existencia por la crisis Fin de Siècle. El proyecto fenomenológico ilustrado tiene para Husserl sobre todo un sentido práctico/existencial: fundamentar la idea (...) de Europa como ideal de una existencia humana basada en ideas de razón, con sentido. La respuesta a la crisis sólo puede ser la filosofía como ciencia estricta fundada sobre la experiencia antepredicativa del mundo de la vida en la que se nos dan las cosas mismas, ‘lo que’ son primariamente. La ciencia volverá a tener significado humano cuando se fundamente sobre ese ámbito originario de experiencia, verdadera fuente de todo sentido y categoría. (shrink)