Evaluation of an accompanying collaborative device is a sensitive element that questions in particular the effect of the accompanying people. The literature has relied in particular on the notion of socio-cognitive conflict to support this perspective. In this article, we study the specific case of a collaborative device for veterinary student guidance with the collaboration of teachers and vet practitioners. The proposed mixed evaluation of the process and these effects shed light on the roles of these professionals from an animatic (...) perspective of groups. The asymmetries of status, the roles defined, and the social climate specific to the generation of a socio-cognitive conflict appear as essential in any accompanying collaborative device. (shrink)

The research ethics committee is a key element of university administration and has gained increasing importance as a review mechanism for those institutions that wish to conduct responsible...

Rendre hommage à un auteur, ce n'est pas seulement célébrer ce qu'il fut mais c'est aussi alerter sur ce que son oeuvre apporte au présent et à l'avenir de la connaissance. C'est bien le sens donné à cet hommage à André-Jean Arnaud. Repenser le droit, c'était pou r cet auteur érudit : repenser les lieux, les conditions et les façons de l'étudier en dépassant les frontières géographiques en même temps que les frontières disciplinaires. En montrant en quoi André-Jean (...) class='Hi'>Arnaud fut, hors des sentiers battus et des orthodoxies de la production et de la transmission des savoirs en la matière, un exceptionnel précurseur et l'infatigable artisan d'un nouveau régime de connaissance sur le droit, le présent ouvrage s'adresse à toutes celles et à tous ceux, enseignants, chercheurs, étudiants ou simples citoyens, pou r qui l'étude du droit permet de mieux comprendre ce que sont et ce que sont susceptibles de devenir nos sociétés. (shrink)

This article argues for the dogmatic rather than just ethical significance of the biotechnological enhancement of human beings. It begins by reflecting on the close theological connections between salvation, sanctification, and affective and bodily transformation in light of the fact that affects and desires are in principle manipulable through biotechnological enhancement. It then examines the implications of this observation for questions of moral responsibility, asking whether biotechnological enhancement can be viewed as a kind of means of grace. The conclusion argues (...) that theological reflection on the relationship between affects, soteriology and bioenhancement reveals limitations of the emphasis on embodiment in recent Christian theology. (shrink)

The violent encounter between Africans and the forces of globalization raises the question of whether Africans should capitulate to these forces or seek to morally transform them, notwithstanding the uncertainty of achieving success. This essay argues that an exclusively existentialist interpretation of the African predicaments is inadequate because it erects a false dichotomy between African religious and moral sensibilities. It proposes instead an ethic of responsibility that affirms the interdependence of not only these two realms of life, but also of (...) communal well-being and individual's subjectivity. (shrink)

Those who study unique events and processes cannot manipulate the world to ‘test’ theories, to ensure conclusions are rational, as falsificationism prescribes. This has left historical sociologists and kindred researchers to use hermeneutics, forms of counterfactual reasoning, and covering laws, but these techniques do not ensure explanations are accountable to the object of inquiry. I repurpose the falsificationist principle of negativity to serve rational theoretical redescriptions of this class of objects. We must work in a theoretical medium, as the main (...) criticism of falsificationism maintains. Theoretical prejudices can nevertheless be held in check, making space for new conclusions, via the double break characteristic of scientific reflexivity. A directional dynamic toward rational explanations can then result by starting with negative cases, which inherently bring case-theory misfits into focus, and applying immanent critique to cycle from worse to better such fits. This allows us to manipulate our theories to ‘test’ the world. (shrink)

Unleashed expressions for cooperation are mainly based on the expected perceptual effects of behaviours and not the behaviours themselves. From an evolutionary viewpoint, this goal-directed mechanism allows for a comprehensive story for the theory proposed by Heintz & Scott-Phillips. Over the past 2 million years, this situated mechanism has been reused for tool use and the language development for hominids.

Name der Zeitschrift: Der Islam Jahrgang: 93 Heft: 1 Seiten: 326-332.

The text presents the results of a survey among 58 owners or managers of commercial companies that have sustainably implemented an environmental management system through their ISO 14001 certification. The study of management representatives is based on the understanding that business organizations play the role of intermediaries in environmental policy and the potential change of their behavior multiplies the effects of the interventions on the behavior of others - business partners, employees, and consumers. The data can be used to explain (...) the real processes of pro-environmental policies in the country and improve them taking into account the established barriers and obstacles to the pro-environmental behavior of the studied group. (shrink)

Il y avait l'imaginaire doucereux de l'onirisme baroque, stipulant que le monde est un songe, auquel une rationalité arrogante a voulu opposer un réalisme têtu : la fiction est une chose, la réalité en est une autre. Renvoyant dos à dos le baroquisme rêveur et le réalisme sec, Nietzsche fait valoir la convertibilité réciproque du rêve et de la veille, de l'imaginaire et du réel, de la fiction et du vécu. En examinant l'étoffe dont le monde est fait, le philosophe (...) allemand nous montre comment la réalité et l'imaginaire s'entre-tissent. Et si le rêve n'était que l'archive des veillées anciennes? Cela ne voudrait-il pas dire que ce que nous appelons aujourd'hui "réalité" apparaîtra à l'avenir comme une manière d'avoir rêvé le monde? Pourtant, entre les différentes moutures du monde ne cesserait de percer et de repercer un air de famille opiniâtre. Ainsi, loin de se contempler narcissiquement dans un monde taillé à son image, l'imaginaire humain ne cesserait de rêver le monde à partir de l'amour qu'il 'porte à cette altérité si étrangement familière, celle du visage fraternel."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

The filial relationship between Christian ethics and Comparative Religious Ethics (CRE) need not be perniciously distortive and can be salutary for comparative work. I suggest that the suspicions about CRE as a disguised form of a “Christian ethical enterprise” are overstated and that we can appreciate the value of the legacy of Christian ethics for comparative work in the focal themes of emancipatory criticism and common morality. Both of these themes, even if influenced by Christian ethics, reflect more universal social‐moral (...) problems that can be discerned in cross‐cultural contexts. (shrink)

Running head: Implicit sequence learning ABSTRACT Can we learn without awareness? Although this issue has been extensively explored through studies of implicit learning, there is currently no agreement about the extent to which knowledge can be acquired and projected onto performance in an unconscious way. The controversy, like that surrounding implicit memory, seems to be at least in part attributable to unquestioned acceptance of the unrealistic assumption that tasks are process-pure, that is, that a given task exclusively involves either implicit (...) or explicit knowledge. (shrink)

Low mean fundamental frequency (F 0) in men’s voices has been found to positively influence perceptions of dominance by men and attractiveness by women using standardized speech. Using natural speech obtained during an ecologically valid social interaction, we examined relationships between multiple vocal parameters and dominance and attractiveness judgments. Male voices from an unscripted dating game were judged by men for physical and social dominance and by women in fertile and non-fertile menstrual cycle phases for desirability in short-term and long-term (...) relationships. Five vocal parameters were analyzed: mean F 0 (an acoustic correlate of vocal fold size), F 0 variation, intensity (loudness), utterance duration, and formant dispersion (D f , an acoustic correlate of vocal tract length). Parallel but separate ratings of speech transcripts served as controls for content. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the independent contributions of each of the predictors. Physical dominance was predicted by low F 0 variation and physically dominant word content. Social dominance was predicted only by socially dominant word content. Ratings of attractiveness by women were predicted by low mean F 0, low D f , high intensity, and attractive word content across cycle phase and mating context. Low D f was perceived as attractive by fertile-phase women only. We hypothesize that competitors and potential mates may attend more strongly to different components of men’s voices because of the different types of information these vocal parameters provide. (shrink)

This collection of fourteen original essays addresses the seminal contribution of Franz Brentano and his heirs, to philosophy of language. Despite the great interest provoked by the Brentanian tradition and its multiple connections with early analytic philosophy, precious little is known about the Brentanian contribution to philosophy of language. The aim of this new collection is to fill this gap by providing the reader with a more thorough understanding of the legacy of Brentano and his school, in their pursuit of (...) a unique research programme according to which the analysis of meaning is inseparable from philosophical inquiries into what goes on in the mind and what there is in the world. In three parts, the volume first reconstructs Brentano’s pathbreaking thoughts on meaning and grammatical illusions, exploring their strong connections with the Austro-German tradition and analytic philosophy. It then addresses the multifaceted debates on the objectivity of meaning in the Brentano School and its aftermath. Finally, part three explores Brentano’s wider legacy, namely: Husserl’s theory of modification and typicality, Bühler’s theory of linguistic and non-linguistic expressions, and Wittgenstein’s thoughts on guidance and rule-following. The result is a unique collection of essays which shows the significance, originality and timely character of the Brentanian philosophy of language. (shrink)

The interventionist account of causation offers a criterion to distinguish causes from non-causes. It also aims at defining various desirable properties of causal relationships, such as specificity, proportionality and stability. Here we apply an information-theoretic approach to these properties. We show that the interventionist criterion of causation is formally equivalent to non-zero specificity, and that there are natural, information-theoretic ways to explicate the distinction between potential and actual causal influence. We explicate the idea that the description of causes should be (...) proportional to that of their effects. Then we draw a distinction between two ideas in the existing literature, the range of invariance of a causal relationship and its stability. The range of invariance is related to specificity and range of causal values. Stability concerns the effect of additional variables on the relationship between some focal pair of cause and effect variables. We show how to distinguish and measure the direct influence of background variables on the effect variable, and their influence on the relationship between the focal cause and the effect variable. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the information-theoretic approach, and offer prospects for complementary approaches. (shrink)

This special issue of the _ Revue d’études benthamiennes _ aims to examine the transmission and reception of utilitarian thought among various socialist movements in the nineteenth century, to shed light on their emergence, uses and legacy. By focusing on the originality and variety of these socialist reinterpretations, it builds upon renewed approaches in intellectual and political history that have successfully challenged the classical distinction between “utopian” and “scientific” socialism. Consequently, this issue brings a corrective to the tendency, on the (...) part of established scholarship, to confine Bentham’s influence to classical liberalism. Though the contributions to this issue focus on three European countries (Britain, Ireland and France), it is hoped that they will provide a first step towards a more general, joint history of the relation between utilitarianism and socialism. (shrink)

In cognitive neuroscience, dissociating the brain networks that ing—has thus become one of the best empirical situations subtend conscious and nonconscious memories constitutes a through which to study the mechanisms of implicit learning, very complex issue, both conceptually and methodologically.

1. Ou va la sociologie du droit? -- 2. Gouvernats sans frontières : entre mondialisation et post-mondialisation.

Perruchet and Vinter stop short of fully embracing the implications of their own SOC framework, and hence end up defending an implausible perspective on consciousness. We suggest instead that consciousness should be viewed as a graded dimension defined over quality of representation. This graded perspective eliminates the most problematic aspects of the cognitive unconscious without denying its existence altogether.

In the beginning: introduction -- This I believe: preview -- This they believe: other views -- Where it begins: anatomy and environment -- Where it began: evolution -- What is it?: consciousness -- There was the word: self-consciousness and language -- See here: attention -- Perhaps to dream: sleep -- x=2y: representation -- The dance of life: movement -- They all fall down: dissolution of function -- Been there, done that: experience -- Which have eyes and see not: stimulus hierarchy (...) -- Buy one, get one free: volition -- Play it again: speculative reprise -- In the end: conclusion. (shrink)

Cet article, s’inscrit dans le cadre minimaliste de la syntaxe générative et étudie oui / non et wh-questions dans la langue Ǹjò̩-kóo, parlée dans l’état de Ondo au Nigeria. On observe que la particule interrogative pour des questions de type oui / non qui suit systématiquement le sujet DP se trouve également dans des clauses avec wh-questions. Cet article soutient que oui / non et wh-questions sont projetées par la même tête fonctionnelle Inter˚, et que wh-words ne participent pas à (...) la saisie de wh-propositions comme interrogative. L’article conclut que le mouvement de Wh-éléments vers la position initiale de la clause dans les langues à WH-mouvement n’a pas pour but l’interrogation mais plutôt pour la focalisation. (shrink)

Dans la mentalité romaine antique, le mos est un principe global de vie – individuel et communautaire – qui régule l’ordre social dans tous ses aspects. Fondé sur la mémoire des Anciens, il façonne le comportement présent en se référant aux exemples antérieurs. Son origine religieuse, et par là son rapport à l’acte essentiel de la liturgie romaine, à savoir le sacrifice, se comprend dans la mesure où les bons rapports entre les hommes et les dieux sont garants de la (...) prospérité de la cité. Le droit est quant à lui, certes par dérivation un système raisonné de régulation des rapports sociaux, mais avant tout une science donc un travail réflexif. Celui-ci aborde le mos, ou plutôt la consuetudo qu’il faut comprendre la plupart du temps chez les juristes comme une coutume non romaine, en tant que possible et subsidiaire source du droit. Le rapport originel du droit au mos est quant à lui relativement simple car les juristes ont conçu leur science en étant des acteurs de l’idéologie romaine et parfois de l’État. Rien d’étonnant donc à ce que le droit soit issu des mores – voire à l’idée que des composantes du mos puissent venir tempérer une solution juridique trop rigide – sans pour autant que ce dernier ne s’y assimile totalement. Au sein de ce système, on comprend que l’idée de droit coutumier ne peut exister car le mos maiorum devenu droit n’est plus mos et la consuetudo, par définition extérieure à la régulation légale, n’est pas non plus du droit à proprement parler avant d’être institué comme tel, c’est-à-dire comme droit et non pas comme coutume. (shrink)

We tend to read the Letters of Basil of Caesarea as a theological treatise written in a literarily discontinuous form. Far from being a sub specie aeternitatis contemplation of the mystery of the Divinity, however, Basil’s Letters bears witness to an immersed form of writing, in which access to reality and the requirements of the moment do not always coincide with the truth, whether that of theologians or historians. From this point of view, it is fruitful, in the context of (...) a volume devoted to the understanding of Trinitarian structures, to study the accusation of „Sabellianism”, or rather „Sabellism”, in Basil’s Letters. Far from constituting an objective category, the accusation of „Sabellism” in the Basilian Letters is in fact a polemical category, which implies a double construction, that of the bogeyman Sabellius as well as that of the adversary targeted by the comparison, by a literary and historical strategy reducing the other’s thought to a mere adhesion to a Trinity in human experience, a Trinity of revelation. (shrink)

This collection presents policy and research that addresses digital inequalities, access, and skills, from multiple international perspectives. With a special focus on the impact of the COVID-19, the collection is based on the 2021 Digital Inclusion, Policy and Research Conference, with chapters from both academia and civic organizations. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed citizens’ relationship with digital technologies for the foreseeable future. Many people’s main channels of communication were transferred to digital services, platforms, and apps. Everything ‘went online’: our families, (...) friends, partners, health, work, news, politics, culture, arts and protesting. Yet access to digital technologies remained highly unequal. This brought digital inclusion policy and research to the fore, highlighting to policymakers and the public the ‘hidden’ challenges and impacts of digital exclusion and inequalities. The cutting-edge volume offers research findings and policycase studies that explore digital inclusion from the provision of basic access to digital, via education and digital literacy, and on to issues of gender and technology. Case studies are drawn from varied sources including the UK, Australia, South America, and Eastern Europe, providing a valuable resource in the pursuit of social equity and justice. ​ This is an open access book. (shrink)

Le Marx de Michel Henry est un ouvrage paradoxal – comme en témoigne sa conclusion en manière de coup de force, selon laquelle Marx, au motif que sa philosophie contiendrait une « métaphysique de l’individu », est « l’un des premiers penseurs chrétiens de l’Occident » –, et, à ce titre, il ne peut valoir que par l’éclairage inédit qu’il donne aux textes précis qu’il commente. M. Henry procède ainsi en prêtant à Marx une ontologie de la « vie » (...) subjective et monadique, celle-ci étant elle-même déterminée principalement comme « affectivité », tout en cherchant à mettre en lumière les concepts économiques de Marx à partir de cette notion. C’est le double caractère rigoureux et inédit d’un tel éclairage qu’Arnaud François tente de mettre en évidence. (shrink)

L'incompréhension qui nous saisit face aux nombreuses créatures réelles ou chimériques qui peuplent l'iconographie romane clunisienne, est révélatrice du défi que constitue la pénétration de l'intelligence médiévale du cosmos. Convaincu que ces images trouvent leurs racines dans une vision théologique, Arnaud Montoux soutient que leur présence manifeste le rapport des Clunisiens à la société dont ils se veulent les guides. Parmi les oeuvres théologiques majeures du Moyen Âge carolingien dans lequel s'enracinent l'histoire et la geste clunisiennes, celle de Jean (...) Scot Érigène tient une place singulière ; par son ampleur qui embrasse la totalité de la nature et par son ouverture sur la théologie des Pères grecs, cette pensée témoigne d'un projet théologique de réintégration de la totalité du cosmos en Dieu. Cet ouvrage nous invite à lire l'énoncé iconographique clunisien à la lumière de l'intelligence des destinées du monde que propose le grand théologien irlandais. La première partie s'attache à lire l'histoire de Cluny sous l'angle du réordonnancement du monde, qui caractérise l'action de ses grands abbés. La seconde dégage au sein de l'abbatiale des éléments qui mettent en lumière la procession des êtres à travers lesquels Dieu se manifeste. La troisième partie prétend reconsidérer la place des extrêmes cosmiques que sont l'indigence, la faiblesse, l'étrangeté et la mort dans la dynamique globale de cette procession. Ces recherches interrogent notre capacité à recevoir le foisonnement des images clunisiennes de manière nouvelle, comme signe d'une espérance pour le cosmos."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Les philosophies de Schopenhauer et de Bergson, comme d’ailleurs celle de Nietzsche, parlent d’une réalité qui se trouverait derrière des apparences utiles à la pratique. Dans les trois cas, cette réalité est désignée en termes de volonté. On aurait donc affaire, chez Schopenhauer et chez Bergson, à deux « ontologies de la volonté ». Mais il reste à savoir ce que les deux auteurs entendent par « volonté ». Deux différences majeures doivent être signalées : pour Schopenhauer, la volonté est (...) la chose en soi. Bergson refuse la distinction kantienne entre phénomènes et chose en soi. D’autre part, pour Schopenhauer, l’expérience de la volonté est souffrance. Bergson, en revanche, la caractérise comme joie. Dans ces conditions, l’ontologie de la volonté prend une figure différente dans les deux cas. Ce sont ces deux figures que nous tentons de déterminer. (shrink)

How to reach Paradise using only a few idealized and limited representational fragments gathered over a lifetime? After having specified the logical questions raised by the (re)presentation of a paradisiacal world, we show that such a world, in order to have the characteristics usually attributed to Paradise (such as unity or plenitude), must satisfy specific representational properties with respect to the Good. In order to clarify the impact of these properties on the access to Paradise, we introduce the Grounded Representation (...) Theory which allows the construction of represented universes. Building on this framework, we then propose directions for a logical analysis of the power of experiences that, from limited fragments of presence, enable one to initiate the ascent towards Paradis. (shrink)

One of the themes that has been widely addressed in both the implicit learning and statistical learning literatures is that of rule learning. While it is widely agreed that the extraction of regularities from the environment is a fundamental facet of cognition, there is still debate about the nature of rule learning. Rey and colleagues show that the comparison between human and non‐human primates can contribute important insights to this debate.

The aim of the study by Arnaud Bouaniche, “Bergson on the cinematographical Schematism of Intelligence”, is to understand the role of cinema in the fourth chapter of Bergson’s Creative Evolution in the light of a precise comparison with the Kantian doctrine of schematism of pure concepts of understanding. A thesis then becomes clear : for Bergson, cinema is not, as is often believed, only a machine for producing illusion — the illusion of movement — but this “hidden art” — (...) now made visible — which controls our spontaneous knowledge of reality. (shrink)

The study examines the phenomenon of masquerading in Igbo culture. It philosophically explores the cosmology and cultural anthropology of Igbo masquerading, drawing some important implications for which the authors believe they bear on the truth of human existence. It investigates the distortions in and around this Igbo cultural practice against the background of its immanent significance and, thus, attempts to reconstruct it. The paper demonstrates that the huge potential for development inherent in Igbo masquerading outweigh its pitfalls. Igbo masquerading today (...) tends to divide the present generation from the older generation of Igbo. The latter lament that the way masquerading is done nowadays no longer reflects the critical cultural ideals of the people. But, this situation has not been given deserved attention among scholars. The significance of this study, then, lies exactly on its attempt at a theoretical and normative reconstruction of masquerading among the Igbo. The aim of the paper is to critically engage Igbo masquerading with the goal of rescuing it from associated negativities. In the light of the critical Igbo ideals of truth and social justice, the paper proffers the way forward and makes some recommendations. As a philosophical inquiry, the study employs the methods of analysis, prescription and speculation. (shrink)

Franz Brentano’s works are not just full of deep and innovative insights into mind, world and values. His views also turned out to be highly influential upon several generations of students, who made them the basis of their own philosophical investigations, giving rise to what is known as the Brentano School (Albertazzi et al. 1996; Fisette & Fréchette 2007). In this chapter, I give a bird’s eye view of the Brentano School from a rather historical perspective. My leading hypothesis is (...) that one crucial factor explaining the rise of the school is Brentano’s unique strategy, within the academic context of the time, to promote the revival of philosophy as a rigorous science. After a brief introduction, I reconstruct the three main phases in the school’s development, namely Brentano’s teaching in Würzburg (1866-73), his teaching in Vienna (1874-95), and Anton Marty’s teaching in Prague (1880-1913). (shrink)