Results for 'Avik Sarkar'

326 found
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  1.  11
    Prosthetic Derrida meets spectral Marx.Avik Chatterjee - 2022 - Delhi, India: Aakar Books.
  2.  25
    Genetics and Reductionism.Sahotra Sarkar - 2012 - Cambridge University Press.
    With the advent of the Human Genome Project there have been many claims for the genetic origins of complex human behavior including insanity, criminality, and intelligence. But what does it really mean to call something 'genetic'? This is the fundamental question that Sahotra Sarkar's book addresses. The author analyses the nature of reductionism in classical and molecular genetics. He shows that there are two radically different kinds of reductionist explanation: genetic reduction (as found in classical genetics) and physical reduction (...)
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  3. Molecular Models of Life: Philosophical Papers on Molecular Biology.Sahotra Sarkar - 2004 - Bradford.
    Despite the transformation in biological practice and theory brought about by discoveries in molecular biology, until recently philosophy of biology continued to focus on evolutionary biology. When the Human Genome Project got underway in the late 1980s and early 1990s, philosophers of biology -- unlike historians and social scientists -- had little to add to the debate. In this landmark collection of essays, Sahotra Sarkar broadens the scope of current discussions of the philosophy of biology, viewing molecular biology as (...)
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  4. Introductory Note to the Contributions by Sarkar and Thaler.S. Sarkar & D. S. Thaler - 1996 - Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 183:185-186.
  5.  85
    Biodiversity and Environmental Philosophy: An Introduction.Sahotra Sarkar - 2005 - Cambridge University Press.
    This book explores the epistemological and ethical issues at the foundations of environmental philosophy, emphasising the conservation of biodiversity. Sahota Sarkar criticises attempts to attribute intrinsic value to nature and defends an anthropocentric position on biodiversity conservation based on an untraditional concept of transformative value. Unlike other studies in the field of environmental philosophy, this book is as much concerned with epistemological issues as with environmental ethics. It covers a broad range of topics, including problems of explanation and prediction (...)
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  6.  47
    Conference to Commemorate the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions, February 21-22.Cornelis de Waal, Avik Mukherjee, Ewoud Halewijn, Pangratios Papacosta, Suyan Budhoo, Roger Adams & Elizabeth Hartman - unknown
    In 1893, The World’s Parliament of Religions met in Chicago from the 15th of May until the 28th of October. 2013 marked the 120th anniversary of this gathering where the leading representatives of the religions of the world engaged in dialogue. To commemorate this event, Special Collections Research Center at Southern Illinois University Carbondale in conjunction with the Hegeler Carus Foundation hosted a symposium on the relationship between science, religion, and philosophy. One of the themes of the Parliament was “…the (...)
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  7. Genetics and Reductionism.Sahotra Sarkar - 2000 - Philosophical Quarterly 50 (198):128-130.
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  8.  18
    Doubting Darwin: Creationist Designs on Evolution.Sahotra Sarkar - 2007 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    Noted biologist and philosopher Sahotra Sarkar exposes the frauds and fallacies of Intelligent Design Theory, and its claim to be ‘good science’. A scientific and philosophical exploration of the debate between evolutionary theory and Intelligent Design in the classroom Puts the debate into its scientific and historical context Looks at a variety of topics, including the relation between Darwinism and modern evolutionary theory, the use of computer science and information theory by the creationists, and the idea of metaphysical naturalism (...)
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  9. Models of reduction and categories of reductionism.Sahotra Sarkar - 1992 - Synthese 91 (3):167-94.
    A classification of models of reduction into three categories — theory reductionism, explanatory reductionism, and constitutive reductionism — is presented. It is shown that this classification helps clarify the relations between various explications of reduction that have been offered in the past, especially if a distinction is maintained between the various epistemological and ontological issues that arise. A relatively new model of explanatory reduction, one that emphasizes that reduction is the explanation of a whole in terms of its parts is (...)
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  10. (1 other version)The Philosophy of Science: An Encyclopedia.Sahotra Sarkar & Jessica Pfeifer (eds.) - 2005 - New York: Routledge.
    The philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy that examines the profound philosophical questions that arise from scientific research and theories. A sub-discipline of philosophy that emerged in the twentieth century, the philosophy of science is largely a product of the British and Austrian schools of thought and traditions. The first in-depth reference in the field that combines scientific knowledge with philosophical inquiry, The Philosophy of Science: An Encyclopedia is a two-volume set that brings together an international team of (...)
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  11. Information in genetics and developmental biology: Comments on Maynard Smith.Sahotra Sarkar - 2000 - Philosophy of Science 67 (2):208-213.
    Maynard Smith notes that he provides a natural history and not a philosophical analysis of the use of concepts of information in contemporary biology. Just a natural history, however rich, would do little to resolve the ongoing controversy about the role of these concepts in biology. None of the disputants deny that the biological use of these concepts is pervasive. The dispute is about whether these concepts—and the framework in which they are embedded—continue to be of explanatory value in contemporary (...)
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  12.  60
    Environmental Philosophy: From Theory to Practice.Sahotra Sarkar - 2011 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    The first comprehensive treatment of environmental philosophy, going beyond ethics to address the philosophical concepts that underlie environmental thinking and policy-making today Encompasses all of environmental philosophy, including conservation biology, restoration ecology, sustainability, environmental justice, and more Offers the first treatment of decision theory in an environmental philosophy text Explores the conceptions of nature and ethical presuppositions that underlie contemporary environmental debates, and, moving from theory to practice, shows how decision theory translates to public policy Addresses both hot-button issues, including (...)
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  13.  86
    Nagel on reduction.Sahotra Sarkar - 2015 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 53:43-56.
    This paper attempts a critical reappraisal of Nagel's (1961, 1970) model of reduction taking into account both traditional criticisms and recent defenses. This model treats reduction as a type of explanation in which a reduced theory is explained by a reducing theory after their relevant representational items have been suitably connected. In accordance with the deductive-nomological model, the explanation is supposed to consist of a logical deduction. Nagel was a pluralist about both the logical form of the connections between the (...)
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  14.  61
    Group Rationality in Scientific Research.Husain Sarkar - 2007 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Under what conditions is a group of scientists rational? How would rational scientists collectively agree to make their group more effective? What sorts of negotiations would occur among them and under what conditions? What effect would their final agreement have on science and society? These questions have been central to the philosophy of science for the last two decades. In this 2007 book, Husain Sarkar proposes answers to them by building on classical solutions - the skeptical view, two versions (...)
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  15. Defining “Biodiversity”; Assessing Biodiversity.Sahotra Sarkar - 2001 - The Monist 85 (1):131-155.
    This paper analyzes the concept of biodiversity in conservation biology and assesses potential methods for its measurement.
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  16.  95
    Environmental philosophy: From theory to practice.Sahotra Sarkar - 2014 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 45 (1):89-91.
    Environmental philosophy is a hybrid discipline drawing extensively from epistemology, ethics, and philosophy of science and analyzing disciplines such as conservation biology, restoration ecology, sustainability studies, and political ecology. The book being discussed both provides an overview of environmental philosophy and develops an anthropocentric framework for it. That framework treats natural values as deep cultural values. Tradeoffs between natural values are analyzed using decision theory to the extent possible, leaving many interesting question for philosophical deliberation. This framework is supposed to (...)
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  17.  91
    A companion to the philosophy of biology.Sahotra Sarkar & Anya Plutynski (eds.) - 2008 - Malden, MA: Blackwell.
    Comprised of essays by top scholars in the field, this volume offers concise overviews of philosophical issues raised by biology. Brings together a team of eminent scholars to explore the philosophical issues raised by biology Addresses traditional and emerging topics, spanning molecular biology and genetics, evolution, developmental biology, immunology, ecology, mind and behaviour, neuroscience, and experimentation Begins with a thorough introduction to the field Goes beyond previous treatments that focused only on evolution to give equal attention to other areas, such (...)
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  18.  84
    Descartes' Cogito: Saved From the Great Shipwreck.Husain Sarkar - 2003 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Perhaps the most famous proposition in the history of philosophy is Descartes' cogito 'I think, therefore I am'. Husain Sarkar claims in this provocative interpretation of Descartes that the ancient tradition of reading the cogito as an argument is mistaken. It should, he says, be read as an intuition. Through this interpretative lens, the author reconsiders key Cartesian topics: the ideal inquirer, the role of clear and distinct ideas, the relation of these to the will, memory, the nature of (...)
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  19. Did Malament prove the non-conventionality of simultaneity in the special theory of relativity?Sahotra Sarkar & John Stachel - 1999 - Philosophy of Science 66 (2):208-220.
    David Malament's (1977) well-known result, which is often taken to show the uniqueness of the Poincare-Einstein convention for defining simultaneity, involves an unwarranted physical assumption: that any simultaneity relation must remain invariant under temporal reflections. Once that assumption is removed, his other criteria for defining simultaneity are also satisfied by membership in the same backward (forward) null cone of the family of such cones with vertices on an inertial path. What is then unique about the Poincare-Einstein convention is that it (...)
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  20.  36
    GWASs and polygenic scores inherit all the old problems of heritability estimates.Sahotra Sarkar - 2023 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e227.
    Polygenic score (PGS) computations assume an additive model of gene action because associations between phenotypes and alleles at different loci are compounded, ignoring interactions between alleles or loci let alone between genotype and environment. Consequently, PGSs are subject to the same objections that invalidated traditional heritability analyses in the 1970s. Thus, PGSs should not be used in the social sciences.
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  21.  91
    Hierarchy: Perspectives for Ecological Complexity.Sahotra Sarkar - 1982
  22.  23
    The Philosophy and history of molecular biology: new perspectives.Sahotra Sarkar (ed.) - 1996 - Boston: Kluwer Academic.
    This book is a collection of papers which reflect the recent trends in the philosophy and history of molecular biology. It brings together historians, philosophers, and molecular biologists who reflect on the discipline's emergence in the 1950's, its explosive growth, and the directions in which it is going. Questions addressed include: (i) what are the limits of molecular biology? (ii) What is the relation of molecular biology to older subdisciplines of biology, especially biochemistry? (iii) Are there theories in molecular biology? (...)
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  23. The science question in intelligent design.Sahotra Sarkar - 2011 - Synthese 178 (2):291-305.
    Intelligent Design creationism is often criticized for failing to be science because it falls afoul of some demarcation criterion between science and non-science. This paper argues that this objection to Intelligent Design is misplaced because it assumes that a consistent non-theological characterization of Intelligent Design is possible. In contrast, it argues that, if Intelligent Design is taken to be non-theological doctrine, it is not intelligible. Consequently, a demarcation criterion cannot be used to judge its status. This position has the added (...)
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  24.  22
    Habitat reconstruction: Moving beyond historical fidelity.Sahotra Sarkar - 2011 - In Kevin deLaplante, Bryson Brown & Kent A. Peacock, Philosophy of ecology. Waltham, MA: North-Holland. pp. 11--327.
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  25.  81
    A note on frequency dependence and the levels/units of selection.Sahotra Sarkar - 2008 - Biology and Philosophy 23 (2):217-228.
    On the basis of distinctions between those properties of entities that can be defined without reference to other entities and those that (in different ways) cannot, this note argues that non-trivial forms of frequency-dependent selection of entities should be interpreted as selection occurring at a level higher than that of those entities. It points out that, except in degenerately simple cases, evolutionary game-theoretic models of selection are not models of individual selection. Similarly, models of genotypic selection such as heterosis cannot (...)
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  26.  38
    That was the Philosophy of Biology that was: Mainx, Woodger, Nagel, and Logical Empiricism, 1929–1961.Sahotra Sarkar - 2023 - Biological Theory 18 (3):153-174.
    This article is a systematic critical survey of work done in the philosophy of biology within the logical empiricist tradition, beginning in the 1930s and until the end of the 1950s. It challenges a popular view that the logical empiricists either ignored biology altogether or produced analyses of little value. The earliest work on the philosophy of biology within the logical empiricist corpus was that of Philipp Frank, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, and Felix Mainx. Mainx, in particular, provided a detailed analysis (...)
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  27. (1 other version)A Theory of Method.Husain Sarkar - 1985 - Philosophy of Science 52 (2):315-317.
     
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  28. Evolutionary theory in the 1920s: The nature of the “synthesis”.Sahotra Sarkar - 2004 - Philosophy of Science 71 (5):1215-1226.
    This paper analyzes the development of evolutionary theory in the period from 1918 to 1932. It argues that: (i) Fisher's work in 1918 constituted a not fully satisfactory reduction of biometry to Mendelism; (ii) there was a synthesis in the 1920s but that this synthesis was mainly one of classical genetics with population genetics, with Haldane's The Causes of Evolution being its founding document; (iii) the most important achievement of the models of theoretical population genetics was to show that natural (...)
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  29. From ecological diversity to biodiversity.Sahotra Sarkar - 2007 - In David L. Hull & Michael Ruse, The Cambridge Companion to the Philosophy of Biology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  30.  69
    Ecology.Sahotra Sarkar - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  31.  41
    The Selection of Alleles and the Additivity of Variance.Sahotra Sarkar - 1994 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1994:3 - 12.
    It is shown that, for technical reasons, the additivity of variance criterion employed by Lloyd (1988) to define a unit of selection is, in almost all models of selection, inconsistent with the possibility that genes are sometimes not the unit of selection. A case when the latter view is particularly attractive is that of heterosis, and the additivity criterion is inadequate in even such an extreme case. The connection between that criterion and the so-called "fundamental theorem of natural selection" is (...)
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  32. The principle of complementarity in the design of reserve networks to conserve biodiversity: a preliminary history.Sahotra Sarkar & James Justus - 2001 - Journal of Biosciences 27:421-435.
    Explicit, quantitative procedures for identifying biodiversity priority areas are replacing the often ad hoc procedures used in the past to design networks of reserves to conserve biodiversity. This change facilitates more informed choices by policy makers, and thereby makes possible greater satisfaction of conservation goals with increased efficiency. A key feature of these procedures is the use of the principle of complementarity, which ensures that areas chosen for inclusion in a reserve network complement those already selected. This paper sketches the (...)
     
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  33. The philosophy of science: An introduction.Sahotra Sarkar & Pfeifer Jessica - 2005 - In Sahotra Sarkar & Jessica Pfeifer, The Philosophy of Science: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge.
  34.  86
    The Genomic Challenge to Adaptationism.Sahotra Sarkar - 2015 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 66 (3):505-536.
    Since the late 1990s, the characterization of complete DNA sequences for a large and taxonomically diverse set of species has continued to gain in speed and accuracy. Sequence analyses have indicated a strikingly baroque structure for most eukaryotic genomes, with multiple repeats of DNA sequences and with very little of the DNA specifying proteins. Much of the DNA in these genomes has no known function. These results have generated strong interest in the factors that govern the evolution of genome architecture. (...)
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  35.  70
    Formal Darwinism: Some questions.Sahotra Sarkar - 2014 - Biology and Philosophy 29 (2):249-257.
    Two questions are raised for Grafen’s formal darwinism project of aligning evolutionary dynamics under natural selection with the optimization of phenotypes for individuals of a population. The first question concerns mean fitness maximization during frequency-dependent selection; in such selection regimes, not only is mean fitness typically not maximized but it is implausible that any parameter closely related to fitness is being maximized. The second question concerns whether natural selection on inclusive fitness differences can be regarded as individual selection or whether (...)
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  36.  82
    Generalized norms of reaction for ecological developmental biology.Sahotra Sarkar & Trevon Fuller - unknown
    A standard norm of reaction (NoR) is a graphical depiction of the phenotypic value of some trait of an individual genotype in a population as a function of an environmental parameter. NoRs thus depict the phenotypic plasticity of a trait. The topological properties of NoRs for sets of different genotypes can be used to infer the presence of (non-linear) genotype-environment interactions. While it is clear that many NoRs are adaptive, it is not yet settled whether their evolutionary etiology should be (...)
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  37.  18
    Reducing reexpansions in iterative-deepening search by controlling cutoff bounds.U. K. Sarkar, P. P. Chakrabarti, S. Ghose & S. C. De Sarkar - 1991 - Artificial Intelligence 50 (2):207-221.
  38. Drift and the causes of evolution.Sahotra Sarkar - 2011 - In Phyllis McKay Illari Federica Russo, Causality in the Sciences. Oxford University Press. pp. 445.
     
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  39.  41
    Does “Information” Provide a Compelling Framework for a Theory of Natural Selection? Grounds for Caution.Sahotra Sarkar - 2014 - Philosophy of Science 81 (1):22-30.
    Frank has recently argued for an information-theoretic interpretation of natural selection. This interpretation is based on the identification of a measure related to the Malthusian parameter (for population change) with the Jeffreys divergence between the present allelic distribution of the population and that distribution in the next generation. It is pointed out in this analysis that this identification only holds if the mean fitness of the population is a constant, that is, there is no selection. This problem is used to (...)
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  40.  94
    Comparison of group counseling with individual counseling in the comprehension of informed consent: a randomized controlled trial.Rajiv Sarkar, Thuppal V. Sowmyanarayanan, Prasanna Samuel, Azara S. Singh, Anuradha Bose, Jayaprakash Muliyil & Gagandeep Kang - 2010 - BMC Medical Ethics 11 (1):8-.
    BackgroundStudies on different methods to supplement the traditional informed consent process have generated conflicting results. This study was designed to evaluate whether participants who received group counseling prior to administration of informed consent understood the key components of the study and the consent better than those who received individual counseling, based on the hypothesis that group counseling would foster discussion among potential participants and enhance their understanding of the informed consent.MethodsParents of children participating in a trial of nutritional supplementation were (...)
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  41.  73
    Flights of fancy: Steve Fuller: Science. Durham, UK: Acumen, 2010, 166pp, £9.99 PB.Sahotra Sarkar - 2011 - Metascience 21 (2):425-426.
    Flights of fancy Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s11016-011-9572-y Authors Sahotra Sarkar, Section of Integrative Biology, Department of Philosophy, University of Texas at Austin, Waggener Hall 316, Austin, TX 78712-1180, USA Journal Metascience Online ISSN 1467-9981 Print ISSN 0815-0796.
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  42.  12
    Kant and Parfit: The Groundwork of Morals.Husain Sarkar - 2018 - New York: Routledge.
    Derek Parfit's On What Mattersis widely recognized as elegant, profound, and destined to change the landscape of moral philosophy. In Volume One, Parfit argues that the distinct--indeed, powerfully conflicting--theories of deontology and contractualism can be woven together in a way so as to yield utilitarian conclusions. Husain Sarkar in this book calls this, The Ultimate Derivation. Sarkar argues, however, that this derivation is untenable. To underwrite this conclusion, this book traverses considerable Parfitian terrain. Sarkar shows why Parfit (...)
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  43.  15
    Language, limits, and beyond: early Wittgenstein and Rabindranath Tagore.Priyambada Sarkar - 2021 - New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.
    Ludwig Wittgenstein's interest in the writings of Rabindranath Tagore, is recognized among scholars worldwide though little has been written on his fascination with Tagore's poetry and symbolic plays. In Language, Limits, and Beyond, Priyambada Sarkar explores Tagore and Wittgenstein's philosophical arguments on the concept of 'threshold of language and meaning', highlighting the systematic connections between Tagore's canon and Wittgenstein's early works. Situatingher study in the early 1900s, when Tagore's poetry had just become available in Europe, Sarkar finds similarities (...)
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  44.  57
    Husserl's role in Carnap's der raum.Sahotra Sarkar - 2003 - In Thomas Bonk, Language, Truth and Knowledge: Contributions to the Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap. Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 179-190.
    By now it has become commonplace to note that the early Carnap was strongly influenced by Kant and the neo-Kantianism of his day.1 As early as 1977 Haack noted some striking similarities between the Aufbau and the first Critique; since then, Haack’s observation has been underscored by documenting the explicit role of the neo-Kantians in Carnap’s early education and intellectual development.2 Whether or not Carnap in the Aufbau was at all interested in traditional empiricism, or even strongly influenced by Russell, (...)
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  45.  69
    Conservation Biology.Sahotra Sarkar - 2004 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Conservation biology emerged as an organized academic discipline in the United States in the 1980s though much of its theoretical framework was originally developed in Australia. Significant differences of approach in the two traditions were resolved in the late 1990s through the formulation of a consensus framework for the design and adaptive management of conservation area networks. This entry presents an outline of that framework along with a critical analysis of conceptual issues concerning the four theoretical problems that emerge from (...)
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  46.  33
    In Memoriam: Raphael Falk, 1929–2019.Sahotra Sarkar - 2021 - Biological Theory 16 (1):1-4.
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  47. Ecological diversity and biodiversity as concepts for conservation planning: Comments on ricotta.Sahotra Sarkar - 2006 - Acta Biotheoretica 54 (2):133-140.
    Ricotta argues against the existence of a unique measure of biodiversity by pointing out that no known measure of α-diversity satisfies all the adequacy conditions that have traditionally been set for it. While that technical claim is correct, it is not relevant in the context of defining biodiversity which is most usefully measured by β-diversity. The concept of complementarity provides a closely related family of measures of biodiversity which can be used for systematic conservation planning. Moreover, these measures cannot be (...)
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  48. Companion to the Philosophy of Biology.Sahorta Sarkar & Anya Plutynski (eds.) - 2008 - Blackwell.
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  49. Philosophy, History, and Molecular Biology—Introduction.Sahotra Sarkar - 1996 - In The Philosophy and history of molecular biology: new perspectives. Boston: Kluwer Academic. pp. 1--13.
  50.  73
    Science, philosophy, and politics in the work of J. B. S. Haldane, 1922–1937.Sahotra Sarkar - 1992 - Biology and Philosophy 7 (4):385-409.
    This paper analyzes the interaction between science, philosophy and politics (including ideology) in the early work of J. B. S. Haldane (from 1922 to 1937). This period is particularly important, not only because it is the period of Haldane's most significant biological work (both in biochemistry and genetics), but also because it is during this period that his philosophical and political views underwent their most significant transformation. His philosophical stance first changed from a radical organicism to a position far more (...)
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