Four couple therapy first consultations involving clients with diagnosed narcissistic problems were examined. A sociologically enriched and broadened concept of narcissistic disorder was worked out based on Goffman’s micro-sociology of the self. Conversation analytic methods were used to study in detail episodes in which clients resist to answer a therapist’s question, block or dominate the development of the conversation’s topic, or conspicuously display their interactional independence. These activities are interpreted as a pattern of controlling practices that were prompted by threats (...) that the first couple therapy consultation imposes upon the clients’ self-image. The results were discussed in the light of contemporary psychiatric discussions of narcissism; the authors suggest that beyond its conceptualization as a personality disorder, narcissism should be understood as a pattern of interactional practices. (shrink)

In the paper we study the class of weakly algebraizable logics, characterized by the monotonicity and injectivity of the Leibniz operator on the theories of the logic. This class forms a new level in the non-linear hierarchy of protoalgebraic logics.

The main aim of the paper is to present the results of research concerning psychological and socio-cultural risk factors for development of negative anti-health attitude toward one’s body in young Polish women. The study comprised 120 women, of 20 to 25 years of age, with similar socio-demographic status who so far in the course of their lives have not disclosed mental or somatic disturbances. The theoretical theses for the research model were the contemporary cognitive concepts, as well as socio-cultural concepts. (...) The following have been used in the study: thematic drawings, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale developed by - developed by Thompson & Gray, the Eating Disorder Inventory created by D. Garner, The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire 3, and questionnaire for behaviour towards the body. The results confirmed the existence of negative attitude toward one’s own body, as well as development of inclinations for compensation-generating behaviour. A group of risk factors has been identified, which may lead to the development of the above attitudes and behaviours toward one’s body in healthy women, who at the same time do not accept the image of their real bodies. (shrink)

W artykule stawiam pytanie o związki miedzy powieścią kryminalną a reportażem. Nie interesuje mnie prosta zależność odsłaniająca się w reportażu kryminalnym. Zależy mi raczej na pokazaniu, że reporter i detektyw mają często dużo wspólnego, jeśli weźmiemy pod uwagę sposób podejścia do problemu oraz schemat zadawanych pytań i opracowywanych odpowiedzi. Na uwagę zasługuje także operowanie śledztwem jako działaniem porządkującym opowieść w powieści kryminalnej oraz w reportażu. Próba zastanowienia się nad wzajemną zależnością zachodzącą między opowieścią opartą na fikcji i historią odwołującą się (...) do faktów pozwala na wskazanie efektów możliwych do uzyskania dzięki zastosowaniu śledztwa. (shrink)

The current study is aimed at creating a psychological profile of characteristics of aggressive and self-aggressive behaviour exhibited by females with bulimia, as well as conducting a comparative analysis of the differences between bulimic females and individuals displaying no mental disorders in terms of the major characteristics of aggressive and selfaggressive behaviour. The methods: the Buss-Durkee Hostility-Guilt Inventory, the Psychological Inventory of Aggression Syndrome by Zbigniew. B. Gaś. The data analysis revealed significant differences between the females suffering from bulimia and (...) the subjects displaying no mental disorders in terms of the level of aggressive and self-aggressive tendencies. It was discovered that the control participants exhibited an appropriate level of aggressive behaviour as opposed to the subjects with bulimia. (shrink)

Le but de cet article est de presenter la signification du désert dans la pensée spirituelle de Pierre Damien. Dans une première partie on a présenté une courte biografie de Pierre Damien qui a permis de mieux comprendre ses choix dans la vie spirituelle. Dans la deuxième partie on a montré sa conception de la vie spirituelle qu’etait inspirée de la vie de son maïtre spirituel - saint Romuald. Pierre Damien a distingué deux voies dans la vie monastique : la (...) vie communautaire et la vie solitaire, érémitique. D’après lui la vie communautaire est une sorte de préparatoire pour la vie solitaire. Dans une troisième partie on a présenté la valeur et l’importance de la vie érémitique et la différence entre la vie communautaire et la vie solitaire. Pierre Damien a souligné que le désert et la cellule est l’endroit idéal pour le moine qui veut atteindre la perfection dans la vie spirituelle. La vie au désert est la voie la plus sûre pour atteindre le salut car elle nous sépare du monde et elle donne des conditions plus favorables à la prière, à la contemplation et aux pratiques ascétiques en union avec Dieu. Le désert est l’endroit où on s’exerce dans les vertus par le jeûne, le silence, et la prière, mais aussi un endroit de combat avec nos vices et avec Satan. Le désert est un passage indispensable pour ceux qui veulent atteindre le sommet dans la vie mystique. (shrink)

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie działalności publicznej marszałka wielkiego koronnego i starosty krakowskiego Mikołaja Zebrzydowskiego w czasie toczących się latem 1596 r. w Krakowie międzynarodowych pertraktacji w sprawie zawarcia pod egidą papiestwa antytureckiej Ligi Świętej. Do odtworzenia tego aspektu autor wykorzystał głównie rękopiśmienne materiały źródłowe pochodzące z archiwów rzymskich oraz źródła drukowane i odnośną literaturę przedmiotu. Mikołaj Zebrzydowski pojawił się w Krakowie 10 lipca 1596 r. w momencie, gdy już od prawie miesiąca przebywał w nim legat papieski, kardynał Enrico Caetani, który (...) miał przewodniczyć wspomnianym obradom. Zebrzydowski wielokrotnie spotykał się z kardynałem zarówno na oficjalnych obradach, jak również na stopie prywatnej. Kardynał informował o tych kontaktach Sekretariat Stanu, donosząc, iż Zebrzydowski jest jednym z tych polskich dostojników, który otwarcie pragnie wspierać inicjatywę Stolicy Apostolskiej. Jak się jednak wydaje, Mikołaj Zebrzydowski jako bliski współpracownik kanclerza Jana Zamoyskiego realistycznie oceniał te szanse, dostrzegając zagrożenie dla polityki papieskiej w twardym i nieprzychylnym Polsce stanowisku Habsburgów. (shrink)

The class Matr(C) of all matrices for a prepositional logic (, C) is investigated. The paper contains general results with no special reference to particular logics. The main theorem (Th. (5.1)) which gives the algebraic characterization of the class Matr(C) states the following. Assume C to be the consequence operation on a prepositional language induced by a class K of matrices. Let m be a regular cardinal not less than the cardinality of C. Then Matr (C) is the least class (...) of matrices containing K and closed under m-reduced products, submatrices, matrix homomorphisms, and matrix homomorphic counter-images. (shrink)

Paul Edwards' October 1989 essay, ‘Heidegger's Quest for Being’ illustrates the wisdom of the dictum that the only legitimate criticism of a philosopher's position is a constructive criticism. His negative critique amounts to no more than expressions of distaste, dislike, and displeasure, and nothing of philosophical interest follows from his assertions, as the discourse is primarily an argument ad hominem . He grossly misinterprets Heidegger on some elemental and fundamental matters as well. In particular, he sorely misinterprets what he refers (...) to as the ‘Quest for Being’, which only further contributes to the objectionable character of the essay. (shrink)

The notion of local deduction theorem (which generalizes on the known instances of indeterminate deduction theorems, e.g. for the infinitely-valued ukasiewicz logic C ) is defined. It is then shown that a given finitary non-pathological logic C admits the local deduction theorem iff the class Matr(C) of all matrices validating C has the C-filter extension property (Theorem II.1).

The Absolute is a basic and fundamental issue for philosophy as such. I present different concepts of the Absolute (substantialism, energetism, escapism, methodologism). We can say that contemporary European philosophy “orphaned” the neo-Platonic tradition. Thereafter Russian philosophy developed in an intensive and turbulent as well as relatively uniform fashion, in view of the well-established Neo-Platonist context. This makes Russian philosophy not only part of a lasting universally acknowledged tradition; not only has Russian philosophy continued to develop currents of thought abandoned (...) by modern European philosophiers, but it is also heir to a philosophical tradition of particular quality and value in the universal history of thought. (shrink)

This article attempts to answer the question: what has the current migration crisis revealed in relations between Christianity and Islam, two religions with common Abrahamic roots? What conclusions can be drawn about the state of these relations, particularly with regard to ordinary members of the two religions? How should we assess the reaction of Christians in Europe to the inflow of refugees from Muslim countries in the light of the Gospel, the Second Vatican Council and the teaching of Pope Francis?The (...) article consists of four parts. Part I briefly presents Christian-Muslim relationships over the centuries. Part II focuses on the sense of danger occurring in European societies in connection with the influx of Muslims during the migration crisis. Part III presents the teachings of the Second Vatican Council about Islam and Part IV describes Pope Francis’s attitude towards refugees from Muslim countries. (shrink)

I present and argue for twotheses: the first concerns the degree to whichChaadaev''s thought represents a breakthrough inthe development of Russian social philosophyand the second concerns the Hegelian characterof this thinking. I also show that Chaadaev''stheory retained an open character closely tiedto the crisis character of the social realityof his time and that it depended for itsjustification on the further course of thehistorical process, which is impossible topredict. All this leads to an interpretation ofChaadaev''s view according to which the standardopposition (...) of Chaadaev''s two best-known texts,The Philosophical Letters, with theirpredominantly pessimistic picture of Russia,and the Apology of a Madman, whichrefutes this evaluation, is rejected. (shrink)

Once regarded as cellular ‘debris’ extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerge as one of the most intriguing entities in cancer pathogenesis. Intercellular trafficking of EVs challenges the notion of cancer cell autonomy, and highlights the multicellular nature of such fundamental processes as stem cell niche formation, tumour stroma generation, angiogenesis, inflammation or immunity. Recent studies reveal that intercellular exchange mediated by EVs runs deeper than expected, and includes molecules causative for cancer progression, such as oncogenes (epidermal growth factor receptor, Ras), and tumour (...) suppressors (PTEN). The uptake of oncogenic EVs (oncosomes) by various cells may profoundly change their biology, signalling patterns and gene expression, and in some cases cause their overt tumorigenic conversion. Moreover, EVs circulating in blood and present in body fluids provide an unprecedented access to the molecular circuitry driving cancer cells, and new technologies are being developed to exploit this property as a source of unique cancer biomarkers. (shrink)

The aim of the article is to present the attempts of establishing institutions of a system of worker’s self-management in the selected countries of the so-called real socialism system in Eastern Europe. The analysis considers three of those countries, namely Yugoslavia, Poland and Hungary, whose experiences in participation of the employees’ implementation were the most significant. Particular attention was paid to the evolution of socialist regimes approach to workers’ self-management. The paper tries to answer the question whether workers’ self-management posed (...) a threat to the socialist regimes persistence. The research method used in the study is an indepth survey and analysis of literature and legal acts. (shrink)

We are facing a crisis of trust in expertise today. Fewer and fewer people trust experts, and more and more politicians openly ignore expert consensus. 'Democracy in the Post-Truth Era' asks what might happen to democracy if we reject the fundamental liberal assumption that people are capable of making informed choices. The book explores the potential impact on society if people, including politicians, never appreciate the relevance of expert opinions. What if people cannot choose between supporters and opponents of key (...) issues such as the causes of climate change, effectiveness of vaccines and ways of combating economic and social crises? Applying social epistemology to these questions, the book considers whether democracy can be defended in the post-truth era. (shrink)

We propose a new schema for the deduction theorem and prove that the deductive system S of a prepositional logic L fulfills the proposed schema if and only if there exists a finite set A(p, q) of propositional formulae involving only prepositional letters p and q such that A(p, p) L and p, A(p, q) s q.

We examine the notion of primitive satisfaction in logical matrices. Theorem II. 1, being the matrix counterpart of Baker's well-known result for congruently distributive varieties of algebras (cf [1], Thm. 1.5), links the notions of primitive and standard satisfaction. As a corollary we give the matrix version of Jónsson's Lemma, proved earlier in [4]. Then we investigate propositional logics with disjunction. The main result, Theorem III. 2, states a necessary and sufficient condition for such logics to be finitely based.

With each sentential logic C, identified with a structural consequence operation in a sentential language, the class Matr * (C) of factorial matrices which validate C is associated. The paper, which is a continuation of [2], concerns the connection between the purely syntactic property imposed on C, referred to as Maehara Interpolation Property (MIP), and three diagrammatic properties of the class Matr* (C): the Amalgamation Property (AP), the (deductive) Filter Extension Property (FEP) and Injections Transferable (IT). The main theorem of (...) the paper (Theorem 2.2) is analogous to the Wroski's result for equational classes of algebras [13]. It reads that for a large class of logics the conjunction of (AP) and (FEP) is equivalent to (IT) and that the latter property is equivalent to (MIP). (shrink)

The aim of the article is to outline the historical background and the present state of the methodology of deductive systems invented by Alfred Tarski in the thirties. Key notions of Tarski's methodology are presented and discussed through, the recent development of the original concepts and ideas.

This study investigates performance of portfolios composed of British socially responsible investments (SRI) stocks. Using the ‘Global-100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World’ list (known also as ‘Global-100’) to select the SRI companies, we found that, in the period 2000–2010, the returns of the SRI portfolios were on average higher compared with the corresponding returns of the market indexes. The annual average difference in returns of the SRI portfolios (with dividends) was 5.26 % and 5.69 % relative to the FTSE100 (...) and FTSE4GOOD indexes (the total return versions), respectively, but the differences in returns in the whole period, in individual years and in other sub-periods were in most cases not statistically significant. Positive performance of SRI stocks in the whole sample is, however, evidenced by risk-adjusted measures such as the modified Sharpe ratio (MSR) and certainty equivalent (CEQ) returns, as well as by incorporating various levels of transaction costs. Furthermore, a simple trading strategy relying on selection of SRI stocks from the Global-100 list would beat the market indexes in the whole period 2000–2010, even after inclusion of various levels of transaction costs. We also estimated the Fama–French and Carhart multi-factor models and found that the returns of the SRI portfolios cannot be consistently explained by conventional factors other than the market factor. (shrink)

The main result of the present paper — Theorem 3 — establishes the equivalence of the interpolation and amalgamation properties for a large family of logics and their associated classes of matrices.

The philosophical challenge that religious diversity poses for religious belief has become in recent years the focal point of a very engaging theological and philosophical debate. The debate began in the Christian context and it would be fair to say that its main issue remains the relationship of Christianity to other major religions. Traditionally Christian thinkers faced with the fact of religious plurality have assumed that Christianity is the only way to salvation, and the truth-claims of other religions can be (...) refuted by way of argument. This position is described today as 'exclusivist'. John Hick's name has become synonymous with a radically different approach to the whole issue. Hick argues that all religious traditions make contact with the same Ultimate Reality, each encountering it through a variety of culturally shaped forms of thought and experience, but all offering equally effective paths to 'salvation/liberation'. Hick's pluralistic hypothesis, although very popular in some quarters, appears to many Christian and non-Christian thinkers as highly controversial. (shrink)

There exist different kinds of averaging of the differences of the energy–momentum and angular momentum in normal coordinates NC(P) which give tensorial quantities. The obtained averaged quantities are equivalent mathematically because they differ only by constant scalar dimensional factors. One of these averaging was used in our papers [J. Garecki, Rep. Math. Phys. 33, 57 (1993); Int. J. Theor. Phys. 35, 2195 (1996); Rep. Math. Phys. 40, 485 (1997); J. Math. Phys. 40, 4035 (1999); Rep. Math. Phys. 43, 397 (1999); (...) Rep. Math. Phys. 44, 95 (1999); Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 11, 441 (2002); M.P. Dabrowski and J. Garecki, Class. Quantum. Grar. 19, 1 (2002)] giving the canonical superenergy and angular supermomentum tensors. In this paper we present another averaging of the differences of the energy–momentum and angular momentum which gives tensorial quantities with proper dimensions of the energy–momentum and angular momentum densities. We have called these tensorial quantities “the averaged relative energy–momentum and angular momentum tensors”. These tensors are very closely related to the canonical superenergy and angular supermomentum tensors and they depend on some fundamental length L > 0. The averaged relative energy–momentum and angular momentum tensors of the gravitational field obtained in the paper can be applied, like the canonical superenergy and angular supermomentum tensors, to coordinate independent analysis (local and in special cases also global) of this field. Up to now we have applied the averaged relative energy–momentum tensors to analyze vacuum gravitational energy and momentum and to analyze energy and momentum of the Friedman (and also more general, only homogeneous) universes. The obtained results are interesting, e.g., the averaged relative energy density is positive definite for the all Friedman and other universes which have been considered in this paper. (shrink)

Przedmiot artykułu stanowi koncepcja demokracji kontestacyjnej zaproponowana przez Philipa Pettita oraz jej miejsce we współczesnej myśli republikańskiej. Autor tekstu opisuje relacje łączące tę koncepcję z ideami demokracji radykalnej i wolności republikańskiej, jak też jej implikacje instytucjonalne i związane z nią kontrowersje. Rozważone zostają główne zarzuty krytyków Pettita: fragmentaryczności i niedemokratyczności proponowanych przez niego rozwiązań, niepożądanych konsekwencji jego postulatu deliberacyjności i odpolitycznienia życia politycznego. Autor tekstu twierdzi, że jednym z największych braków koncepcji Pettita jest próba odpolitycznienia demokracji przez upełnomocnienie nienadzorowanych demokratycznie (...) gremiów eksperckich. Prowadzi ona do pytania o kryterium stosowania instrumentów radykalno-demokratycznych i elitarystycznych, na które Pettit nie udziela zadowalającej odpowiedzi. (shrink)