Results for 'Biogenesis'

93 found
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  1.  31
    Mitochondrial biogenesis: Which part of “NO” do we understand?Scot C. Leary & Eric A. Shoubridge - 2003 - Bioessays 25 (6):538-541.
    A recent paper by Nisoli et al.1 provides the first evidence that elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in a number of cell lines via a soluble guanylate‐cyclase‐dependent signaling pathway that activates PGC1α (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator‐1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial content. These results raise intriguing possibilities for a role of NO in modulating mitochondrial content in response to physiological stimuli such as exercise or cold exposure. However, whether this signaling cascade represents a widespread (...)
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  2.  24
    The biogenesis of lysosomes: Is it a kiss and run, continuous fusion and fission process?Brian Storrie & Michel Desjardins - 1996 - Bioessays 18 (11):895-903.
    Molecules are transferred to lysosomes, the major, acid pH, digestive compartment in eukaryotic cells, by a complex series of pathways that converge at a late endosome/prelysosomal compartment. Here, we discuss the relationship between this compartment and the lysosome. We propose that lysosomes are maintained within cells by a repeated series of kiss and run, transient fusion and fission processes with the late endosome/prelysosome compartment. Directionality to these processes may be conferred by pH gradients and retrieval mechanisms. The future challenge in (...)
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  3.  16
    Peroxisome biogenesis.Hans R. Waterham & James M. Cregg - 1997 - Bioessays 19 (1):57-66.
    Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles that are the subcellular location of important metabolic reactions. In humans, defects in the organelle's function are often lethal. Yet, relative to other organelles, little is known about how cells maintain and propagate peroxisomes or how they direct specific sets of newly synthesized proteins to these organelles (peroxisome biogenesis/assembly). In recent years, substantial progress has been made in elucidating aspects of peroxisome biogenesis and in identifying PEX genes whose products, peroxins, are essential for one (...)
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  4. Biogenesis and Anthropogenesis: How Recurrent, How Unique?Marcin Ryszkiewicz - 1988 - Diogenes 36 (141):102-111.
    The fall of the nineteenth century abounded in discoveries of natural laws, that is, strict and unequivocal rules of the development of life. These laws stated for example that ontogeny of individuals repeats, or recapitulates, phylogeny of the species; that big and specialized forms originate in evolution from small and unspecialized ones, while the reverse is not true; that endothermic animals are larger-sized and more compact in cool than in warm climates, and so on. Louis Dollo, a Belgian palaeontologist, proposed (...)
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  5. The argument from biogenesis: Probabilities against a natural origin of life. [REVIEW]R. C. Carrier - 2004 - Biology and Philosophy 19 (5):739-764.
    No evidence exists that the accidental origin of life is too improbable to have occurred naturally, but there are numerous attempts to argue so. Dizzying statistics are cited to show that a god had to be responsible. This paper identifies the Argument from Biogenesis, then explains why all these arguments so far fail, and what would actually have to be done to make such an argument succeed. Describes seven general types of error, with examples. Includes a table of forty-seven (...)
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  6.  18
    Art: Biogenesis and semiogenesis.Walter A. Koch - 1984 - Semiotica 49 (3-4).
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  7.  19
    Ubiquitin Signaling Regulates RNA Biogenesis, Processing, and Metabolism.Pankaj Thapa, Nilesh Shanmugam & Wojciech Pokrzywa - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (1):1900171.
    The fate of eukaryotic proteins, from their synthesis to destruction, is supervised by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The UPS is the primary pathway responsible for selective proteolysis of intracellular proteins, which is guided by covalent attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins by E1 (activating), E2 (conjugating), and E3 (ligating) enzymes in a process known as ubiquitylation. The UPS can also regulate protein synthesis by influencing multiple steps of RNA (ribonucleic acid) metabolism. Here, recent publications concerning the interplay between the UPS (...)
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  8.  17
    Co‐translational folding of nascent polypeptides: Multi‐layered mechanisms for the efficient biogenesis of functional proteins.Kevin Maciuba, Nandakumar Rajasekaran, Xiuqi Chen & Christian M. Kaiser - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (7):2100042.
    The coupling of protein synthesis and folding is a crucial yet poorly understood aspect of cellular protein folding. Over the past few years, it has become possible to experimentally follow and define protein folding on the ribosome, revealing principles that shape co‐translational folding and distinguish it from refolding in solution. Here, we highlight some of these recent findings from biochemical and biophysical studies and their potential significance for cellular protein biogenesis. In particular, we focus on nascent chain interactions with (...)
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  9.  43
    The molecular machinery for lysosome biogenesis.Chris Mullins & Juan S. Bonifacino - 2001 - Bioessays 23 (4):333-343.
    The lysosome serves as a site for delivery of materials targeted for removal from the eukaryotic cell. The mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of this organelle are currently the subject of renewed interest due to advances in our understanding of the protein sorting machinery. Genetic model systems such as yeast and Drosophila have been instrumental in identifying both protein and lipid components of this machinery. Importantly, many of these components, as well as the processes in which they are involved, are (...)
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  10.  38
    Lipoprotein Transport: Greasing the Machines of Outer Membrane Biogenesis.Marcin Grabowicz - 2018 - Bioessays 40 (4):1700187.
    The Gram-negative outer membrane is a potent permeability barrier against antibiotics, limiting clinical options amid mounting rates of resistance. The Lol transport pathway delivers lipoproteins to the OM. All the OM assembly machines require one or more OM lipoprotein to function, making the Lol pathway central for all aspects of OM biogenesis. The Lol pathways of many medically important species clearly deviate from the Escherichia coli paradigm, perhaps with implications for efforts to develop novel antibiotics. Moreover, recent work reveals (...)
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  11.  18
    Endocytosis and epithelial biogenesis in the mouse early embryo.Tom P. Fleming - 1986 - Bioessays 4 (3):105-109.
    The polarized organization of epithelial cells is expressed in many ways including the morphology of the cell surface or cytocortex, the molecular composition of membrane domains and the distribution of cytoplasmic organelles. The differentiation of mouse trophectoderm is described with particular attention given to the maturation of the endocytic system in an attempt to define how the complex assembly of an epithelium may be generated.
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  12.  11
    Single‐molecule approaches reveal outer membrane protein biogenesis dynamics.Anna Svirina, Neharika Chamachi & Michael Schlierf - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (12):2200149.
    Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) maintain the viability of Gram‐negative bacteria by functioning as receptors, transporters, ion channels, lipases, and porins. Folding and assembly of OMPs involves synchronized action of chaperones and multi‐protein machineries which escort the highly hydrophobic polypeptides to their target outer membrane in a folding competent state. Previous studies have identified proteins and their involvement along the OMP biogenesis pathway. Yet, the mechanisms of action and the intriguing ability of all these molecular machines to work without the (...)
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  13.  17
    The Arf family GTPases: Regulation of vesicle biogenesis and beyond.Fu-Long Li & Kun-Liang Guan - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (6):2200214.
    The Arf family proteins are best known for their roles in the vesicle biogenesis. However, they also play fundamental roles in a wide range of cellular regulation besides vesicular trafficking, such as modulation of lipid metabolic enzymes, cytoskeleton remodeling, ciliogenesis, lysosomal, and mitochondrial morphology and functions. Growing studies continue to expand the downstream effector landscape of Arf proteins, especially for the less‐studied members, revealing new biological functions, such as amino acid sensing. Experiments with cutting‐edge technologies and in vivo functional (...)
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  14.  34
    Bag6/Bat3/Scythe: A novel chaperone activity with diverse regulatory functions in protein biogenesis and degradation.Jin-Gu Lee & Yihong Ye - 2013 - Bioessays 35 (4):377-385.
  15.  16
    The Drosophila fusome, organelle biogenesis and germ cell differentiation: If you build it….Dennis McKearin - 1997 - Bioessays 19 (2):147-152.
    From stem cells to oocyte, Drosophila germ cells undergo a short, defined lineage. Molecular genetic analyses of a collection of female sterile mutations have indicated that a germ cell‐specific organelle called the fusome has a central role at several steps in this lineage. The fusome grows from a prominent spherical organelle to an elongated and branched structure that connects all mitotic sisters in a germ cell syncytium. The organelle is assembled from proteins normally found in the membrane skeleton and, additionally, (...)
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  16.  26
    ALIX‐ing phospholipids with endosome biogenesis.Ivan Dikic - 2004 - Bioessays 26 (6):604-607.
    Endosomes, which comprise a diverse population of membrane vesicles and tubules, sort proteins and lipids to various cellular destinations. The organization and functions of these pleiomorphic cellular organelles have been extensively studied. Matsuo et al.1 now provide new exciting evidence on the role of lysobiphosphatidic acid (LBPA), a resident phospholipid of internal vesicles of the late endosome, in the control of membrane invagination and endosome biogenesis. In vivo, LBPA functions are controlled by the adaptor protein Alix and depend on (...)
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  17.  23
    From spontaneous generation to cosmic abiogenesis. An attempt at systematization of biogenesis theories.Adam Świeżyński - 2020 - Studia Philosophiae Christianae 56 (S2):95-113.
    The question of the origin of life interested people for centuries. All existing views on this subject can be classified into different areas of our knowledge of the world: natural sciences, philosophy, and theology. Some theories contain more or less explicit elements from all of these areas. Thus, it is helpful to take a closer look at them and to classify all the typical groups of theories about the origins of life. We can in this way stress their mutual connections (...)
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  18.  18
    Distinct TssA proteins converge in coordinating tail biogenesis of the type VI secretion systems.Jemal Ali & Erh-Min Lai - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (2):2200219.
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  19. Wilhelm von Humboldt: über die unter dem Namen Bhagavad-Gita bekannte Episode des Maha-bharata: facsimile with commentary on biogenesis of ethics and east-west pereption of complementarity of existence and death.Stacey B. Day - 2001 - Chestnut Ridge, NY: International Foundation for Biosocial Development an Human Health. Edited by Wilhelm Humboldt.
     
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  20.  44
    Revolution in organic chemistry and its implication in biogenesis.Harold J. Morowitz, Vijayasarathy Srinivasan & Eric Smith - 2009 - Complexity 14 (6):7-8.
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  21.  30
    Ribosomal Proteins Control Tumor Suppressor Pathways in Response to Nucleolar Stress.Frédéric Lessard, Léa Brakier-Gingras & Gerardo Ferbeyre - 2019 - Bioessays 41 (3):1800183.
    Ribosome biogenesis includes the making and processing of ribosomal RNAs, the biosynthesis of ribosomal proteins from their mRNAs in the cytosol and their transport to the nucleolus to assemble pre‐ribosomal particles. Several stresses including cellular senescence reduce nucleolar rRNA synthesis and maturation increasing the availability of ribosome‐free ribosomal proteins. Several ribosomal proteins can activate the p53 tumor suppressor pathway but cells without p53 can still arrest their proliferation in response to an imbalance between ribosomal proteins and mature rRNA production. (...)
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  22.  40
    New Roles for the Nucleolus in Health and Disease.Lorena Núñez Villacís, Mei S. Wong, Laura L. Ferguson, Nadine Hein, Amee J. George & Katherine M. Hannan - 2018 - Bioessays 40 (5):1700233.
    Over the last decade, our appreciation of the importance of the nucleolus for cellular function has progressed from the ordinary to the extraordinary. We no longer think of the nucleolus as simply the site of ribosome production, or a dynamic subnuclear body noted by pathologists for its changes in size and shape with malignancy. Instead, the nucleolus has emerged as a key controller of many cellular processes that are fundamental to normal cell homeostasis and the target for dysregulation in many (...)
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  23.  13
    Membrane shaping proteins, lipids, and cytoskeleton: Recipe for nascent lipid droplet formation.Manasi S. Apte & Amit S. Joshi - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (9):2200038.
    Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous, neutral lipid storage organelles that act as hubs of metabolic processes. LDs are structurally unique with a hydrophobic core that mainly consists of neutral lipids, sterol esters, and triglycerides, enclosed within a phospholipid monolayer. Nascent LD formation begins with the accumulation of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bilayer. The ER membrane proteins such as seipin, LDAF1, FIT, and MCTPs are reported to play an important role in the formation of nascent LDs. As the (...)
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  24.  50
    Genome evolution is driven by gene expression-generated biophysical constraints through RNA-directed genetic variation: A hypothesis.Didier Auboeuf - 2017 - Bioessays 39 (10):1700069.
    The biogenesis of RNAs and proteins is a threat to the cell. Indeed, the act of transcription and nascent RNAs challenge DNA stability. Both RNAs and nascent proteins can also initiate the formation of toxic aggregates because of their physicochemical properties. In reviewing the literature, I show that co-transcriptional and co-translational biophysical constraints can trigger DNA instability that in turn increases the likelihood that sequences that alleviate the constraints emerge over evolutionary time. These directed genetic variations rely on the (...)
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  25.  26
    Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Channels: Emerging Diversity in Transport Processes.Thomas Becker & Richard Wagner - 2018 - Bioessays 40 (7):1800013.
    Mitochondrial function and biogenesis depend on the transport of a large variety of proteins, ions, and metabolites across the two surrounding membranes. While several specific transporters are present in the inner membrane, transport processes across the outer membrane are less understood. Recent studies reveal that the number of outer membrane channels and their transport mechanisms are more diverse than originally thought. Four protein‐conducting channels promote transport of distinct sets of precursor proteins across and into the outer membrane. The voltage‐dependent (...)
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  26. On natural selection and Hume's second problem.Armando Aranda-Anzaldo - 1998 - Evolution and Cognition 4 (2):156-172.
    David Hume's famous riddle of induction implies a second problem related to the question of whether the laws and principles of nature might change in the course of time. Claims have been made that modern developments in physics and astrophysics corroborate the translational invariance of the laws of physics in time. However, the appearance of a new general principle of nature, which might not be derivable from the known laws of physics, or that might actually be a non-physical one (this (...)
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  27.  50
    On the Emergence of Living Systems.Bruce H. Weber - 2009 - Biosemiotics 2 (3):343-359.
    If the problem of the origin of life is conceptualized as a process of emergence of biochemistry from proto-biochemistry, which in turn emerged from the organic chemistry and geochemistry of primitive earth, then the resources of the new sciences of complex systems dynamics can provide a more robust conceptual framework within which to explore the possible pathways of chemical complexification leading to living systems and biosemiosis. In such a view the emergence of life, and concomitantly of natural selection and biosemiosis, (...)
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  28.  40
    TssA: The cap protein of the Type VI secretion system tail.Abdelrahim Zoued, Eric Durand, Yoann G. Santin, Laure Journet, Alain Roussel, Christian Cambillau & Eric Cascales - 2017 - Bioessays 39 (10):1600262.
    The Type VI secretion system is a multiprotein and mosaic apparatus that delivers protein effectors into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Recent data on the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli T6SS have provided evidence that the TssA protein is a key component during T6SS biogenesis. The T6SS comprises a trans-envelope complex that docks the baseplate, a cytoplasmic complex that represents the assembly platform for the tail. The T6SS tail is structurally, evolutionarily and functionally similar to the contractile tails of bacteriophages. We have (...)
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  29. Does Life's Rapid Appearance Imply a Martian Origin?P. C. W. Davies - unknown
    The hypothesis that life’s rapid appearance on Earth justifies the belief that life is widespread in the universe has been investigated mathematically by Lineweaver and Davis (Astrobiol- ogy 2002;2:293–304). However, a rapid appearance could also be interpreted as evidence for a nonterrestrial origin. I attempt to quantify the relative probabilities for a non-indigenous ver- sus indigenous origin, on the assumption that biogenesis involves one or more highly im- probable steps, using a generalization of Carter’s well-known observer-selection argument. The analysis (...)
     
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  30.  15
    Universal nuclear domains of somatic and germ cells: some lessons from oocyte interchromatin granule cluster and Cajal body structure and molecular composition.Dmitry Bogolyubov, Irina Stepanova & Vladimir Parfenov - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (4):400-409.
    It is now clear that two prominent nuclear domains, interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) and Cajal bodies (CBs), contribute to the highly ordered organization of the extrachromosomal space of the cell nucleus. These functional domains represent structurally stable but highly dynamic nuclear organelles enriched in factors that are required for different nuclear activities, especially RNA biogenesis. IGCs are considered to be the main sites for storage, assembly, and/or recycling of the essential spliceosome components. CBs are involved in the biogenesis (...)
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  31.  27
    Co-localization and distribution of cerebral APP and SP1 and its relationship to amyloidogenesis.B. Brock, R. Basha, K. DiPalma, A. Anderson, G. J. Harry, D. C. Rice, B. Maloney, D. K. Lahiri & N. H. Zawia - 2008 - J Alzheimers Dis 13:71-80.
    Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid-beta peptide -loaded plaques in the brain. Abeta is a cleavage fragment of amyloid-beta protein precursor and over production of APP may lead to amyloidogenesis. The regulatory region of the APP gene contains consensus sites recognized by the transcription factor, specificity protein 1 , which has been shown to be required for the regulation of APP and Abeta. To understand the role of SP1 in APP biogenesis, herein we have characterized the relative distribution and (...)
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  32.  25
    The polypeptide tunnel exit of the mitochondrial ribosome is tailored to meet the specific requirements of the organelle.Steffi Gruschke & Martin Ott - 2010 - Bioessays 32 (12):1050-1057.
    The ribosomal polypeptide tunnel exit is the site where a variety of factors interact with newly synthesized proteins to guide them through the early steps of their biogenesis. In mitochondrial ribosomes, this site has been considerably modified in the course of evolution. In contrast to all other translation systems, mitochondrial ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of only a few hydrophobic membrane proteins that are essential subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Membrane insertion of these proteins occurs co‐translationally and (...)
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  33.  10
    Green life: Control of chloroplast gene transcription.Gerhard Link - 1996 - Bioessays 18 (6):465-471.
    Chloroplasts and other plastids are plant cell organelles that account for major biochemical functions. They contain their own gene expression system but are integrated into the signaling network of the entire cell. Both nuclear and plastid genes are involved in chloroplast biogenesis, and the gene expression pathways both inside and outside the organelle are subject to developmental and environmental control. The plastid transcription apparatus reflects this general scheme, with a basic organelle‐encoded enzymatic machinery surrounded by factors that may be (...)
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  34.  32
    Composition and expression of spectrin‐based membrane skeletons in non‐erythroid cells.Randall T. Moon & Andrew P. McMahon - 1987 - Bioessays 7 (4):159-164.
    Cellular differentiation is often accompanied by the expression of specialized plasma membrane proteins which accumulate in discrete regions. The biogenesis of these specialized membrane domains involves the assembly and co‐localisation of a spectrin‐based membrane skeleton. While the constituents of the membrane skeleton in non‐erythroid cells are often immunologically related to erythroid spectrin, ankyrin, and protein 4.1, there are structural and functional differences between the isoforms of these membrane skeleton polypeptides, as well as highly variable patterns of expression during cellular (...)
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  35.  24
    The agotrons: Gene regulators or Argonaute protectors?Lotte V. W. Stagsted, Iben Daugaard & Thomas B. Hansen - 2017 - Bioessays 39 (4):1600239.
    Over the last decades, it has become evident that highly complex networks of regulators govern post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression. A novel class of Argonaute (Ago)‐associated RNA molecules, the agotrons, was recently shown to function in a Drosha‐ and Dicer‐independent manner, hence bypassing the maturation steps required for canonical microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Agotrons are found in most mammals and associate with Ago as ∼100 nucleotide (nt) long RNA species. Here, we speculate on the functional and biological relevance of agotrons: (...)
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  36.  17
    Bro1 family proteins harmonize cargo sorting with vesicle formation.Chun-Che Tseng, Robert C. Piper & David J. Katzmann - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (8):2100276.
    The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) drive membrane remodeling in a variety of cellular processes that include the formation of endosomal intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) during multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis. During MVB sorting, ESCRTs recognize ubiquitin (Ub) attached to membrane protein cargo and execute ILV formation by controlling the activities of ESCRT‐III polymers regulated by the AAA‐ATPase Vps4. Exactly how these events are coordinated to ensure proper cargo loading into ILVs remains unclear. Here we discuss recent work documenting (...)
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  37.  44
    Synaptophysin: leading actor or walk‐on role in synaptic vesicle exocytosis?Flavia Valtorta, Maria Pennuto, Dario Bonanomi & Fabio Benfenati - 2004 - Bioessays 26 (4):445-453.
    Synaptophysin (Syp) was the first synaptic vesicle (SV) protein to be cloned. Since its discovery in 1985, it has been used by us and by many laboratories around the world as an invaluable marker to study the distribution of synapses in the brain and to uncover the basic features of the life cycle of SVs. Although single gene ablation of Syp does not lead to an overt phenotype, a large body of experimental data both in vitro and in vivo indicate (...)
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  38.  9
    The gamma‐tubulin ring complex: Deciphering the molecular organization and assembly mechanism of a major vertebrate microtubule nucleator.Anna Böhler, Bram J. A. Vermeulen, Martin Würtz, Erik Zupa, Stefan Pfeffer & Elmar Schiebel - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (8):2100114.
    Microtubules are protein cylinders with functions in cell motility, signal sensing, cell organization, intracellular transport, and chromosome segregation. One of the key properties of microtubules is their dynamic architecture, allowing them to grow and shrink in length by adding or removing copies of their basic subunit, the heterodimer αβ‐tubulin. In higher eukaryotes, de novo assembly of microtubules from αβ‐tubulin is initiated by a 2 MDa multi‐subunit complex, the gamma‐tubulin ring complex (γ‐TuRC). For many years, the structure of the γ‐TuRC and (...)
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  39.  20
    Proteolytic control in ciliogenesis: Temporal restriction or early initiation?Gregor Habeck & Jörg Schweiggert - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (9):2200087.
    Cellular processes are highly dependent on a dynamic proteome that undergoes structural and functional rearrangements to allow swift conversion between different cellular states. By inducing proteasomal degradation of inhibitory or stimulating factors, ubiquitylation is particularly well suited to trigger such transitions. One prominent example is the remodelling of the centrosome upon cell cycle exit, which is required for the formation of primary cilia – antenna‐like structures on the surface of most cells that act as integrative hubs for various extracellular signals. (...)
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  40.  25
    Evolution of peroxisomes illustrates symbiogenesis.Dave Speijer - 2017 - Bioessays 39 (9):1700050.
    Recently, the group of McBride reported a stunning observation regarding peroxisome biogenesis: newly born peroxisomes are hybrids of mitochondrial and ER-derived pre-peroxisomes. What was stunning? Studies performed with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae had convincingly shown that peroxisomes are ER-derived, without indications for mitochondrial involvement. However, the recent finding using fibroblasts dovetails nicely with a mechanism inferred to be driving the eukaryotic invention of peroxisomes: reduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation associated with fatty acid oxidation. This not only explains (...)
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  41. Signatures of a Shadow Biosphere.Paul C. W. Davies, Carol E. Cleland & Christopher P. McKay - unknown
    Astrobiologists are aware that extraterrestrial life might differ from known life, and considerable thought has been given to possible signatures associated with weird forms of life on other planets. So far, however, very little attention has been paid to the possibility that our own planet might also host communities of weird life. If life arises readily in Earth-like conditions, as many astrobiologists contend, then it may well have formed many times on Earth itself, which raises the question whether one or (...)
     
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  42. How bio-friendly is the universe ?Paul Davies - manuscript
    : The oft-repeated claim that life is ‘ written into ’ the laws of nature is examined and criticised. Arguments are given in favour of life spreading between near-neighbour planets in rocky impact ejecta (transpermia), but against panspermia, leading to the conclusion that if life is indeed found to be widespread in the universe, some form of life principle or biological determinism must be at work in the process of biogenesis. Criteria for what would constitute a credible life principle (...)
     
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  43.  63
    Two approaches to the study of the origin of life.R. Hengeveld - 2007 - Acta Biotheoretica 55 (2):97-131.
    This paper compares two approaches that attempt to explain the origin of life, or biogenesis. The more established approach is one based on chemical principles, whereas a new, yet not widely known approach begins from a physical perspective. According to the first approach, life would have begun with—often organic—compounds. After having developed to a certain level of complexity and mutual dependence within a non-compartmentalised organic soup, they would have assembled into a functioning cell. In contrast, the second, physical type (...)
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  44.  45
    On the Evolutionary Development of Biological Organization from Complex Prebiotic Chemistry.Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo & Alvaro Moreno - 2023 - In Matteo Mossio (ed.), Organization in Biology. Springer. pp. 187-218.
    In this chapter we offer a critical analysis of organizational models about the process of origins of life and, thereby, a reflection about life itself (understood in a general, minimal sense). We begin by demarcating the idea of organization as an explanatory construct, linking it to the complex relationships and transformations that the material parts of (proto-)biological systems establish to maintain themselves under non-equilibrium dynamic conditions. The diverse ways in which this basic idea has been applied within the prebiotic field (...)
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  45.  67
    On the Meaning of Chance in Biology.James A. Coffman - 2014 - Biosemiotics 7 (3):377-388.
    Chance has somewhat different meanings in different contexts, and can be taken to be either ontological or epistemological . Here I argue that, whether or not it stems from physical indeterminacy, chance is a fundamental biological reality that is meaningless outside the context of knowledge. To say that something happened by chance means that it did not happen by design. This of course is a cornerstone of Darwin’s theory of evolution: random undirected variation is the creative wellspring upon which natural (...)
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  46. Towards a View of Time as Depth.Alexander J. Argyros - 1990 - Diogenes 38 (151):29-50.
    One of the more recalcitrant issues in the philosophy of time concerns the question of temporal asymmetry. Some theorists, many of them, like Einstein, physicists, believe that time is fundamentally reversible. According to this view, the physical universe is indifferent to the direction of time; consequently, something like an arrow of time is held to be a human subjective imposition on an otherwise temporally isotropic world. Another position, held by Alfred North Whitehead and contemporary process philosophers, maintains that temporal asymmetry (...)
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  47.  13
    Are endoplasmic reticulum subdomains shaped by asymmetric distribution of phospholipids? Evidence from a C. elegans model system.Zhe Cao, Xiaowei Wang, Xuhui Huang & Ho Yi Mak - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (1):2000199.
    Physical contact between organelles are widespread, in part to facilitate the shuttling of protein and lipid cargoes for cellular homeostasis. How do protein‐protein and protein‐lipid interactions shape organelle subdomains that constitute contact sites? The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms extensive contacts with multiple organelles, including lipid droplets (LDs) that are central to cellular fat storage and mobilization. Here, we focus on ER‐LD contacts that are highlighted by the conserved protein seipin, which promotes LD biogenesis and expansion. Seipin is enriched in (...)
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  48. A quantum recipe for life.Paul Davies - unknown
    One of the most influential physics books of the twentieth century was actually about biology. In a series of lectures, Erwin Schrödinger described how he believed that quantum mechanics, or some variant of it, would soon solve the riddle of life. These lectures were published in 1944 under the title What is life? and are credited by some as ushering in the age of molecular biology. In the nineteenth century, many scientists thought they knew the answer to Schrödinger’s rhetorical question. (...)
     
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  49.  17
    Lighting up gap junction channels in a flash.W. Howard Evans & Patricia E. M. Martin - 2002 - Bioessays 24 (10):876-880.
    Gap junction intercellular communication channels permit the exchange of small regulatory molecules and ions between neighbouring cells and coordinate cellular activity in diverse tissue and organ systems. These channels have short half‐lives and complex assembly and degradation pathways. Much of the recent work elucidating gap junction biogenesis has featured the use of connexins (Cx), the constituent proteins of gap junctions, tagged with reporter proteins such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and has illuminated the dynamics of channel assembly in live (...)
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  50.  27
    Temporal and spatial regulation of developmentally expressed genes in Caulobacter.James W. Gober & Lucy Shapiro - 1991 - Bioessays 13 (6):277-283.
    Fundamental problems in developmental biology, such as the generation of asymmetry, differential transcription, and the execution of positional information, are all exhibited by a prokaryotic system, the Caulobacter cell cycle. Progeny cells resulting from each cell division have different developmental programs with respect to patterns of transcription and the initiation of DNA replication. The binary fission that yields dissimilar progeny results from asymmetry generated in the parent cell. An aspect of this fundamental developmental event is the temporally‐controlled biogenesis of (...)
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