This paper contributes to the Business Ethics literature by unpacking the multimodal construction of moral narratives in popular culture and its portrayals of organizations and organizational roles. Understanding such portrayals and their construction is crucial to Business Ethics scholarship because they shape organizational imaginaries, influencing understandings and expectations of the ethical/moral responsibilities of organizations and the actors within them. In particular, we study the construction of moral narratives within a reality TV show that focuses on immigration and border control at (...) an airport. We find that the immigration officers are depicted as rational and heroic figures whilst the travellers are presented as emotional and potentially dangerous characters. Our analysis highlights how this is achieved via five multimodal editing dimensions—the structure of interactional scenes, the ability to address the camera, the narrator’s comments, the visual and music effects—that are key in constructing clearly defined personae. We show how, through the intersubjective construction of clear-cut characters, the show downplays the moral complexity of its content. Portraying immigration officers as heroic, while presenting travellers as potentially dangerous, allows for a silencing of any ethical questioning of immigration officers’ organizational practices. (shrink)

Today is probably the first time that so many people with such a wide variety of backgrounds are together at the Higher Institute of Philosphy of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven to hear Chinese scholars talk about their own intellectual tradition. And for the Chinese scholars from Beijing University, it is probably the first time that they speak before such a large audience of non-Chinese people and even non-China scholars. This is a challenge for both sides, but we do not come (...) unprepared. (shrink)

Allow me first to congratulate the speaker for his most interesting talk. His strategy is well taken and convincing: Look at a Zhuangzi chapter that has been largely neglected by philosophers, identify its concerns, and read other Zhuangzi chapters through these concerns, rather than as mere variants of Western "philosophy." The concerns of the chapter "The Human World" lie, first of all, with staying alive when giving political advice or being sent on a diplomatic mission. The art of staying alive (...) in such circumstances is identified as shu "techniques," and confirms the political framework in which the writings of Masters originated. But the speaker avoids reducing the Chinese Masters to mere politics—a branch that did not exist separately in China—by stressing the importance of a more fundamental value, namely dao: a "way of life" that can be trained as a firm background for the "art of survival." That way of life entails a calmness, alertness, broad vision, and an open mind. The expression "daoshu," which combines this fundamental attitude with concrete strategies, might be a good candidate to replace the expression "Chinese philosophy." Most of my reflections concern this suggestion in light of the central topic of the whole conference: What is "Chinese philosophy?" I conclude with a question on the chapter "The Human World.". (shrink)

The author examines the several phases of Derrida’s interpretation of Husserl phenomenology of time consciousness. The main issue is a–non-husserlian–thesis about the deferred action of primordial impression, always intermingled with retention, allowing a of Husserl’s metaphysics of presence, and an approximation with Freud’s views about the Nachträglichkeit structure of psychic life. Consequently, the author stresses that Freud will allow, despite Husserl’s explicit assertions, a completion of phenomenology beyond the limits Husserl imposes on it (and on himself) as he remains dominated (...) by the assumption of the absolute priority of primordial impression over retention. (shrink)

De la facticité du monde, de son « jaillissement immotivé », écrivait Merleau-Ponty, « je ne puis jamais rendre entièrement raison ». Comment s'ouvrir à la diversité et à la complexité des épreuves que nous faisons de notre finitude? Le désir d'accueillir la pluralité des figures de la finitude anime ici une pratique de l'histoire de la philosophie qui, méthodiquement, met en tension des philosophes dont la réflexion s'inscrit, à des degrés divers, dans l'horizon ou à la limite de la (...) phénoménologie. Comme autant de révélateurs du polymorphisme originaire de l'expérience, Husserl lu par Yvonne Picard et Jacques Derrida, Sartre et Merleau-Ponty, Ricoeur, Henry et Lyotard, sont confrontés autour de la temporalité, de l'inconscient et de l'imaginaire, et, dans le souci de conserver vivantes leurs oppositions, ils sont réciproquement éclairés autant par leurs différences que par leurs convergences. (shrink)

Dans cet article, l'auteur vise à articuler la question de l?homme avec celle de la finitude. Son point de départ est Foucault et son analyse de la finitude de l'homme à l'époque moderne. Commentant et mettant en parallèle les interprétations foucaldienne et heideggerienne de Kant, il tente de montrer en quel sens la question de la finitude, qui sans doute excède la question de l'homme, est étroitement solidaire de la question du doublet empirico-transcendantal. L'auteur conclut en mettant en évidence ce (...) que les analyses de Foucault, sur ce point, doivent à La Transcendance de l'ego de Sartre. (shrink)

Most COVID-19 and work-related well-being research is centred around the adverse effects on employees’ psychological well-being and is not focused on the work-related well-being of those infected by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, COVID-19 and work-related well-being research is generally aimed at healthcare workers. The current study focused on investigating the difference in the level of burnout, anxiety, depression and stress between previously infected and uninfected participants. This study used a cross-sectional survey design and non-probability quota sampling to collect data. A retrospective pre-post (...) design was used to determine the difference between the level of burnout of the participants before and after infection. Working adults in South Africa were targeted and divided into those previously infected and those not yet infected with COVID-19. Participants completed questionnaires relating to burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress. A comparison of means revealed a significant increase in burnout after being infected. Infected participants had significantly higher burnout, anxiety, depression, and stress levels than their non-infected counterparts. Emotional exhaustion, withdrawal, and stress were the most prevalent psychological ill-health problems. The results of this study indicated that a SARS-CoV-2 infection has a detrimental impact on participants’ psychological well-being and mental health compared to their own initially reported levels of burnout before infection, as well as compared to the levels of burnout, depression, anxiety and depression of the non-infected participants. Based on the findings, specific recommendations to industrial psychologists were made to manage the psychological impact of COVID-19 on employees. (shrink)

Personality assessments are frequently used to make decisions and predictions, creating a demand for assessments that are non-discriminatory. South African legislation requires psychological tests to be scientifically proven to be valid, reliable, fair and non-biased. In response to the necessity for a measure sensitive to indigenous differences, South African and Dutch researchers developed the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI). The SAPI represents a theoretical model of personality that uses an indigenous (emic) and universal (etic) approach to capture South Africa’s rich (...) multicultural and multilingual view of personhood. The development of SAPI items and its simultaneous translation from English into all official languages necessitated the investigation of all the translated language versions’ psychometric properties. This study used Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling to examine the factor structure and model fit of two indigenous language versions of the SAPI, targeting the Tshivenda and the Southern Sotho languages. To accomplish this objective, Study 1 (N= 290) was done in South Africa among the Tshivenda ethnic group, while Study 2 (N= 293) was conducted in South Africa among the Sesotho ethnic group. An acquiescence response pattern was noticed in both studies, possibly to adhere to group consensus and emphasizing harmony within relationships. The ESEM solutions generated an excellent fit for both language versions, and most facets loaded acceptably on their expected factors. The Neuroticism factor proved to be problematic in both language versions. Within the Tshivenda version, the Emotional Stability facet did not generate adequate loadings on any SAPI factors. In contrast, neither Emotional Stability nor Negative Emotionality loaded sufficiently on the Neuroticism factor for the Southern Sotho version. While the overall fit of the six-factor model was excellent, the language in which a person completes a personality questionnaire seems to influence such an assessment’s factor structure. The Tshivenda and Sesotho versions of the SAPI cannot yet be positioned as equitable alternatives when using an indigenous version of the SAPI is needed. The implications of the results and proposals for future studies are discussed. (shrink)

There is a tendency in academia to read early Chinese masters as consistent philosophers. This is to some extent caused by the specific form in which these masters have been studied and taught for more than a century. Convinced of the influence that the form of transmission has on the content, this article studies the more fragmented parts of the book Zhuangzi—instruction scenes or dialogues—and more specifically their formal traits rather than the philosophical content conveyed in them. The focus is (...) on one fragment in Chapter 7 which portrays Liezi, a shaman and Master Calabash. The persons and stages of the instructions scenes in the Zhuangzi seem to promote a non-teaching, in which the learner learns while the teacher does not teach. The non-availability of the teacher and his unwillingness to teach are, paradoxically, at the core of the teaching, although not presented as a valuable alternative. (shrink)

Charles Bell’s Bridgewater Treatise on the hand should be read as elaborating philosophies of pedagogy and the senses, and as fitting with Bell’s work on the nervous system. In The Hand, Bell argues that sensory reception must be coupled with muscular action to establish true knowledge, elevating the ‘doing’ hand to epistemological parity with the long-superior ‘seeing’ eye. Knowledge in anatomy was typically couched in terms to do with sight and depiction; but according to Bell, anatomy simply could not teach (...) the sort of feeling that one would encounter inside a living body. Instead, anatomy taught students to map the parts so that their fingers, moving through a surgical field, could ‘see’ and therefore could know and could act. This elevation of the status of the hand also had social implications that fit with Bell’s reformist politics. (shrink)

The mediatization concept rests on the increasing centrality of media in everyday spheres. Within academia, mediatization is explored in various ways, such as through the use of social media, news media, and researchers’ adoption of certain media logic(s). While many studies focus on media logic(s) as an explanatory device, it can also be seen as a contextual relationship between actors enacted for various purposes. This paper explores how academics enact media logic(s) in climate communication and for what purpose. By drawing (...) on interviews with initiators of open letters on climate change, this paper illustrates that media logic(s) is evoked as a publishing strategy and a way to demarcate academics from news media journalists. The study thus suggests a conceptual shift from debates about what media logic(s) is to what it does in specific communication contexts. (shrink)

Imagine: the Western world falls apart under political, financial, and social pressure. One result is that all funding for philosophy is suspended and diverted to STEM courses. Politicians in the U.S. and Europe, along with their voters, declare the whole tradition of philosophy a total fiasco for its inability to prevent the crisis or to show a way out. Because of this lack of funding and respect, philosophy no longer exists as an academic discipline in the mid-twenty-first century, but only (...) as a private hobby of maladjusted, wealthy eccentrics.At the same time, China has become so confident and rich that ample funding for research on the "masters" is provided. A... (shrink)

Critical reflections on the work of Angus Charles Graham, renowned Western scholar of Chinese philosophy and sinology.

During recent decades China has been visited by various "heats": the "Culture Heat" in the mid-1980s, the "Cultural Criticism Heat" in the late 1980s, the "Mao Zedong Heat" in the early 1990s, the "Chinese Traditional Studies Heat" in the late 1990s, and the "Old Three Classes Culture Heat" also in this decade, to name only the most prevalent. It is not always clear when and how a hot topic turns into a "heat," precisely what is burning, and how to handle (...) it. "Heats" are cultural movements, difficult to grasp and controversial among intellectuals: To some they are a hearth to turn to, to others a disaster to flee. (shrink)

The body, touch and its sensations are present, sometimes viewed in contradictory ways, both expressed, visualized, and rejected, in early modern art and literature. In seven essays moving from the 16th to the mid-18th century, and from Italy and Spain to France and Sweden, this volume explores strategies used by early modern women poets, philosophers, and artists in order to create subversive expressions of the body, gender and the senses. Showing how body and soul, the carnal and the divine, the (...) senses and the mind, could be represented as intertwined and dependent on each other in various ways, it gives due attention to European women writers and artists that in unconventional ways responded to the period's two main intellectual and philosophical attitudes - Epicurean and Stoic - towards the body and its senses. These attitudes not only intersect in the period's discussions of virtue and other moral phenomena, but are central to critical assessment of the relations between emotions, perception, and reason. By following this topic from a gender perspective, the book highlights other forms of subjectivity than the ones usually related to the early modern period's dominating subjectivation of female bodies, thinking and desires. (shrink)

Thomas Paine fonde son exigence de démocratie représentative sur une interprétation de la théorie du contrat qui refuse au politique toute dimension héréditaire. Pionnier, à la fois libéral et républicain, il s’attache à défendre l’égalité des droits politiques, notamment le suffrage universel, aussi bien dans la jeune république américaine que dans la France révolutionnaire. Membre du cercle girondin, il fut également victime de la Terreur, mais échappe à la guillotine.

Background: Recently, attention has grown toward cerebellar neuromodulation in motor learning using transcranial direct current stimulation. An important point of discussion regarding this modulation is the optimal timing of tDCS, as this parameter could significantly influence the outcome. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the timing of cerebellar anodal tDCS on motor learning using a sequential finger-tapping task.Methods: One hundred and twenty two healthy young, right-handed subjects were randomized into four groups. They performed 2 days of FTT (...) with their non-dominant hand on a custom keyboard. The task consisted of 40 s of typing followed by 20 s rest. Each participant received ca-tDCS at the appropriate timing and performed 20 trials on the first day. On the following day, only 10 trials of FTT were performed without tDCS. Motor skill performance and retention were assessed.Results: All participants showed a time-dependent increase in learning. Motor performance was not different between groups at the end of T1. ca-tDCS did not facilitate the retention of the motor skill in the FTT at T2. Thus, our findings indicate an absence of the effect of ca-tDCS on motor performance or retention of the FTT independently from the timing of stimulation.Conclusion: The present results suggest that the outcome of ca-tDCS is highly dependent on the task and stimulation parameters. Future studies need to establish a clear basis for the successful and reproducible clinical application of ca-tDCS. (shrink)

La dixième (et dernière) des études qui composent en 1990 le livre de Paul Ric?ur, Soi-même comme un autre , met vigoureusement l?accent sur l?altérité dans son lien intrinsèque à la passivité. Selon l?expression de Ric?ur, la passivité offre « le répondant phénoménologique » 1 de la méta-catégorie spéculative de l?altérité. Dans Soi-même comme un autre , l?attes­tation phénoménologique de l?altérité dans l?expérience de la passivité prend trois figures que Ric?ur énumère : en premier lieu, celle du corps propre ou (...) de la chair ; celle de la passivité dans la relation à autrui, ensuite ; celle, enfin, « la plus dissimulée », du rapport de soi à soi-même corres­pondant à la conscience au sens de Gewissen . Mon exposé sera centré sur la deuxième de ces figures. Il rapportera à la constitution d?autrui dans la V e Méditation cartésienne de Husserl, la lettre que celui-ci, quelques années plus tard, adressa à Lucien Lévy-Bruhl. Il y va en effet dans cette lettre de l?extension à d?autres sociétés de ce que Natalie Depraz a judicieusement cerné, à propos de la V e Méditation cartésienne , comme « la dynamique passive du couplage originaire » 2 . Paul Ric?ur et la V e Méditation cartésienne de Husserl Le pari que Husserl relève dans sa V e Méditation cartésienne est de chercher à constituer autrui à partir de la sphère du moi. L?altérité d?autrui se constitue. (shrink)

The legitimacy of Chinese philosophy is a thorny topic that has returned in waves during the last decades. The high tides were 2003 and 2016.1 While the topic can and has been discussed from a wide variety of points of view, most debates focus on the Chinese side: either on the nature and quality of early Chinese master texts or on current research at Chinese philosophy departments. Such reflections are important and deserve to be continued. However, one side of the (...) issue usually remains out of view: the Western philosophers themselves, who lay the burden of proof... (shrink)

This paper investigates the impact of changing science policy doctrines on the development of an academic field, working life research. Working life research is an interdisciplinary field of study in which researchers and stakeholders collaborated to produce relevant knowledge. The development of the field, we argue, was both facilitated and justified by the, at the time dominant, science policy orthodoxy in Sweden, sector research. Sector research science policy doctrine favoured stakeholder-driven research agendas in the fields relevant to the sector. This (...) approach to agenda setting was highly contested by Swedish universities and left scientists vulnerable to the fallout from any conflicts arising among the stakeholder groupings that were part of the governance arrangement. Our case shows that working life research was in part a victim of the struggle between science and policy over who sets the agenda for science in Sweden. In this struggle, each side chose to use ‘scientific quality’ as a proxy for furth ing its respective interests and visions for how science should be governed. The paper argues that this case is of interest to the continued elaboration of the Mode 2 thesis and the debate about ‘relevant science’. We find that the close association with stakeholders and the concomitant dependence it created left working life research unable to defend itself against its critics and that this state of affairs was particularly problematic for social science research on working life. (shrink)

The question of whether or not there is such a thing as "Chinese philosophy" is seldom explicitly raised, but the implicit answers to this question--although different in China and the West--dominate institutional and academic decisions. This article not only constructs a typology to recognize, differentiate, and evaluate various answers to this question, but it also takes the sensitivity of this matter seriously by comparing it with one's attachment to something as sensitive, arbitrary, and meaningless as a family name.

Cet article comporte deux parties liées entre elles : l’une étudie le « manger cru » dans le régime alimentaire des Grecs, l’autre le rituel ômophagique dionysiaque. De l’étude conjointe des sources littéraires et épigraphiques, il apparaît que ce dernier pourrait consister en une séquence de gestes révélant l’ambiguïté du dieu, entre animalité, humanité et divinité, et s’accordant avec la pratique alimentaire des Grecs.

Hospitals have adopted a rhetoric of family-centered maternity care, and one of the ways in which they show their commitment to it is through the integration of the husband-as-coach model of childbirth into delivery practices. I argue that this model's widespread popularity testifies less to the culture's endorsement of a woman-centered approach than to healthcare's appropriation of “natural” childbirth as a site for the production and reproduction of patriarchal and capitalist power.