La profesión de carpintero de ribera, sus técnicas, las herramientas utilizadas, los productos finales: los barcos, así como los conocimientos necesarios para su fabricación forman parte del patrimonio cultural marítimo universal. La construcción en madera es un oficio milenario que está en peligro de desaparición, y con ella uno de los elementos identitarios más importantes de las regiones costeras europeas. La escasa historiografía académica sobre los carpinteros de ribera como protagonistas es el principal motivo de este trabajo, que se adentra (...) en sus raíces, dando a conocer algunos de los aspectos más relevantes que definen e identifican la importancia del tema, como las principales actividades desarrolladas, su contextualización histórica, las técnicas, herramientas y la lengua franca marinera que compartían. Por ello, el fin último es proporcionar una fuente de referencia a quiénes apuesten, tanto de manera teórica como práctica, por la recuperación y la conservación de esta profesión ancestral sobre la que apenas existe información e investigación. Se concluye que la recuperación y gestión de este patrimonio, con vinculaciones amplias con otras actividades relacionadas, puede abrir perspectivas de consolidación patrimonial y económica en espacios marítimos poco desarrollados, ya que puede servir para sentar las bases de un futuro turismo cultural en el que estas técnicas sean protagonistas y sirvan para potenciar la identidad marítima en las regiones litorales. (shrink)

Con objeto de averiguar la eficacia de la difusión de la identidad cultural a través de la Red, se realiza una evaluación de los recursos electrónicos más significativos de distintos países europeos para la promoción y la enseñanza de su idioma y la difusión de su cultura en Internet. Las sedes estudiadas son las webs del Instituto Cervantes, British Council, Società Dante Alighieri, Instituto Camões y Goethe-Institut. El Instituto Cervantes es el mejor situado y el que más indicadores y parámetros (...) positivos obtiene en el análisis realizado. (shrink)

In this essay, the articles which are published in the «Revista de Indias»,fiom 1995 to 1999, are analyzed under a scientometric perspective. The main purpose has been to obtain un intercontinental vision fkom the use of scient$c production in the subject of American History through a periodical publication which is rankedjirst among citations and the impact of its works. Firstly, citing works are studied: the numbers of published articles in the analyzed period, authors of fhese articles, and the institution of (...) the cited authors. Consecutively, citations are analyzed. Finally, we analyze the citation network that has been established between the American and European continents under the study of cited authors and the citing authors. (shrink)

La Cátedra de Historia Naval, impulsada por la Armada Española y la Universidad de Murcia, tiene entre sus objetivos investigar y difundir la Historia y el Patrimonio Naval y Marítimo. Con objeto acercar el conocimiento científico y la información divulgativa versada en esta materia al usuario, nuestra institución no se limita a utilizar los canales clásicos de comunicación como pueden ser los artículos y las monografías, entre otros, sino que, en su apuesta por las Humanidades Digitales, hace un uso pro-activo (...) de un blog y de unos perfiles en las redes sociales que, aparentemente, nos hacen contactar con el lector virtual de manera eficaz. Con el objetivo de seguir mejorando, a través del presente trabajo se analizan qué temas han suscitado un mayor interés entre los lectores de nuestras herramientas sociales, a través del estudio de las publicaciones de nuestra bitácora 2.0 y del reflejo de éstas en nuestra página en Facebook. La respuesta nos ayudará a conocer mejor los intereses y necesidades de información de los usuarios y, consecuentemente, podremos seguir perfeccionando los puentes digitales que hemos tendido entre ellos y la Historia y del Patrimonio Naval y Marítimo. (shrink)

In the current digital era, the borders amongst firms are getting blurred when it comes to value creation. Therefore, the traditional configuration of the value chain is frequently replaced by other ones which include the collaborative participation of different agents. Within this context, global value chains, where the value activities are located in different countries, and industrial clusters, which combine competition and cooperation, are attracting a growing attention of both business leaders and scholars in the recent years. Through a bibliometric (...) analysis, this paper disentangles the intellectual and conceptual structure of the research topic of industrial clusters and global value chains. Results show the multidisciplinary character of the topic, including papers published in different areas, such as business, regional studies and world development, as well as its close link with aspects like innovation, regional development, governance or organization. Finally, this study remarks the research lines that could attract more attention in the immediate future. (shrink)

Traditional games are considered agents of enculturation. This article explores the procedure to access the cultural meanings transmitted in a traditional game. The goal is to understand what children aged 6–11 make of the game called ‘the chained bear’ and to compare the meanings retrieved with those of different traditional versions of the game. For such a purpose, through an exploratory cross-sectional study, cartoons depicting people playing the game were exhibited and viewers were asked to interpret them as a drama (...) play, as well as contributing a title, a plot and saying how they would name the characters. The results show that, beyond the individual images that each child created in their mind, most of them coincided in stories about harassment and defense and theft and protection. These plots match those of the ludic tradition, showing that the actions evoke different pictures to each individual, but share common cultural meanings in turn. The study shows a procedure to access the meanings that traditional games transmit and confirms that games contain pieces of culture, which makes them agents of enculturation. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to show through the concrete example of epileptic seizure anticipation how neuro-dynamic analysis and “pheno-dynamic” analysis may guide and determine each other. We will show that this dynamic approach to epileptic seizure makes it possible to consolidate the foundations of a cognitive non pharmacological therapy of epilepsy. We will also show through this example how the neuro-phenomenological co-determination could shed new light on the difficult problem of the “gap” which separates subjective experience from neurophysiological (...) activity. (shrink)

Human languages vary in many ways but also show striking cross-linguistic universals. Why do these universals exist? Recent theoretical results demonstrate that Bayesian learners transmitting language to each other through iterated learning will converge on a distribution of languages that depends only on their prior biases about language and the quantity of data transmitted at each point; the structure of the world being communicated about plays no role (Griffiths & Kalish, , ). We revisit these findings and show that when (...) certain assumptions about the relationship between language and the world are abandoned, learners will converge to languages that depend on the structure of the world as well as their prior biases. These theoretical results are supported with a series of experiments showing that when human learners acquire language through iterated learning, the ultimate structure of those languages is shaped by the structure of the meanings to be communicated. (shrink)

Our object in this paper is to study the antecedents, contents, implications, and impact of a not well-known or appreciated paper by EHRENFEST in 1911 on the essential nature of the different quantum hypotheses in radiation theory. After a careful analysis of EHRENFEST’s notebooks, correspondence, and publications, we conclude that the essential points of EHRENFEST’s paper were not perceived to a large extent, and hence that its implications were not considered thoroughly. Specifically, we show that EHRENFEST contributed significantly to the (...) clarifications of the differences between PLANCK’s and EINSTEIN’s respective quantum hypotheses, as well as to those of the concepts ‘‘discontinuity,’’ ‘‘quantization,’’ and ‘‘corpuscularity.’’. (shrink)

‘Reasoning’ can be considered a general concept that, upon speaking, is the ‘enraonar’, a Catalan word that should not be mistaken with ‘explain’ nor with ‘discuss’ which imply more detail, and cover different situations. This article is presented as an essay on the ancient ideal of ‘enraonar’. To that end, it is explained in what sense ‘enraonar’ and reason are one of the most complex phenomena thought has to deal with. Here it is argued that these natural phenomena require a (...) systematic and ‘scientific’ study, and that withoutthis knowledge computer science cannot simulate people’s every-day ‘enraonar’. (shrink)

Pulcro, sobrio, comedido, preciso, cotidiano, manual, podrían ser calificativos (demasiado fácilmente) aplicables al trabajo de Amaya Bombín. Como si se tratara de la labor de una cirujana, de una bordadora, de una artesana, de un ama de casa. Si afirmáramos esto no solamente estaríamos recurriendo a tópicos sobradamente manidos cuando se trata de hablar de la obra de mujeres artistas, sino que además estaríamos desviando nuestra atención de lo que se nos ha dado a experimentar para reflexionar. [...].

Ante estas obras de Victoria Diehl es fácil pensar en conocidos modelos anatómicos en cera o en la iconografía de Venus y Evas de las que un vistazo rápido a cualquier libro de historia del arte nos mostraría múltiples variantes. Algo de todo ello hay aquí. Pero también hay algo que hace que los espectadores se detengan a pensar. Algo más allá de lo reconocible que hace que las lenguas del pasado se muevan a un ritmo actual. Hermes, al trasladar (...) sus mensajes los interpreta, los adapta al interlocutor y al medio; los transforma, los traduce, los recrea. Y logra ponernos en movimiento. [...]. (shrink)

Human beings inhabit a symbolic reality that articulates meaning. This is culture understood as a web of meanings that actually builds our identity by providing guidance in the complexity of our environment. It is the complex interplay between identity and alterity, between interiority and exteriority, between familiarity and strangeness. Worldviews set up borders that delimit one's own world and others' ground by establishing stereotypes and prejudices. This article presents the results of a research project on prejudices towards the other in (...) students majoring in Education and Psychology with the aim of offering some reflections on what is at stake in social exclusion policies. (shrink)

Pluralistic approaches in the philosophy of biological individuality suggest that reality is divisible into multiple types of biological individuals (evolutionary, genetic, physiological, etc.). In this research I will argue in favor of this pluralistic ontology. Inspired mainly by John Dupré’s processual metaphysics, Ronald Giere’s perspectivism, and Hasok Chang’s active realism, I will suggest that: (i) biological individuals are temporarily stable nexuses in a flow of causal processes, (ii) individuations in biology represent real individuals only under the scientific perspectives that support (...) them, (iii) biology’s ability to recognize diverse types of individuals comes from epistemically successful individuation practices. These practices not only contact us with multiple sites of reality, but also invite us to embrace pluralism as an effective way to increase our scientific knowledge of nature. (shrink)

Introduction: Loss of employment is an experience that is lived and interpreted differently depending on a series of individual variables, including the psychological resources available to the affected person, as well as their perception of their degree of employability. Losing one’s job can be one of the most painful and traumatic events a person has to withstand. Following a dismissal, the worker needs to overcome a period of emotional adaptation to the loss. But that period of grieving can also condition (...) the process of job search of the person, and be influenced by different variables, highlighting the age and work experience. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between intensity and type of affliction due to the loss of employment in older workers and their level of employability. Method: We carried out a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 140 unemployed participants, from 19 to 65 years of age, users of job Orientation in the Public Employment Service of Andalusia (España). Of the total participants, 66 were unemployed and over 45 years of age. They all took the Labour Insertion Potential Assessment Test, and the Texas Inventory revised adapted to job loss Results: Significant differences are shown in the grieving process due to loss of employment between both groups, with the older unemployed living the process more intensely. In relation to the employability potential, differences are found between both groups in terms of availability, perceived difficulties and fears. Interrelationships between total grieving intensity and the importance that older jobseekers give to work are also indicated. Conclusion:Loss of employment and the psychological and health consequences of this situation are identified with those that arise in the grieving process. Older workers present a series of features that determine that their job loss grieving process is more intense and lasts longer than that of other younger workers, regardless of whether the job loss was recent or not. On the other hand, it is shown that the intensity of grieving is related to the decrease of certain variables that are part of the concept of employability. (shrink)

Miranda Fricker distinguishes two senses in which testimonial injustice is epistemic. In the primary sense, it is epistemic because it harms the victim as a giver of knowledge. In the secondary sense, it is epistemic, more narrowly, because it harms the victim as a possessor of knowledge. Her characterization of testimonial injustice has raised the following objection: testimonial injustice is not always an epistemic injustice, in the narrow, secondary sense, as it does not always entail that the victim is harmed (...) as a knowledge-possessor. By adopting a perspective based on Robert Brandom's normative expressivism, we respond to this objection by arguing that there is a close connection, conceptual and constitutive rather than merely causal, between the primary and the secondary epistemic harms of testimonial injustice, such that testimonial injustice always involves both kinds of epistemic harm. We do so by exploring the logic and functioning of belief and knowledge ascriptions in order to highlight three ways in which the secondary epistemic harm caused by testimonial injustice crystallizes: it undermines the epistemic agency of the victim, the epistemic friction necessary for knowledge, and the possibility of occupying particular epistemic nodes. (shrink)

This article examines the role of the Spanish Atomic Forum as the representative of the nuclear sector in the public arena during the golden years of the nuclear power industry from the 1960s to 1970s. It focuses on the public image concerns of the Spanish nuclear lobby and the subsequent information campaigns launched during the late 1970s to counteract demonstrations by the growing and heterogeneous anti-nuclear movement. The role of advocacy of nuclear energy by the Atomic Forum was similar to (...) that in other countries, but the situation in Spain had some distinguishing features. Anti-nuclear protest in Spain peaked in 1978 paralleling the debates of a new National Energy Plan in Congress, whose first draft had envisaged a massive nuclearization of the country. We show how the approval of the Plan in July 1979, with a significant reduction in the nuclear energy component, was influenced by the anti-nuclear protest movements in Spain. Despite the efforts of the Spanish Atomic Forum to counter its message, the anti-nuclear movement was strengthened by reactions to the Three Mile Island accident in March 1979. (shrink)

La obra de Thomas Piketty supone una contribución significativa para el pensamiento crítico. Sus tesis han renovado el alcance de la reflexión económica tradicional y canalizado su atención al estudio de la desigualdad, un asunto fundamental en el capitalismo contemporáneo cuya reflexión se impone, asimismo, a la filosofía social. En un intento por dar cuenta de la profundidad de su planteamiento, en las siguientes líneas abordamos las tesis principales de su aproximación, centrándonos particularmente en la dinámica r>g que presenta en (...) El Capital en el siglo XXI. A continuación, examinamos las soluciones principales que propone para una mejor distribución de la riqueza y el aumento de la justicia fiscal, así como ciertos aspectos problemáticos de su enfoque. Se concluye señalando posibles aportaciones del pensamiento pikettyano a la reflexión teórica en vinculación con las teorías de Streeck y Harvey. (shrink)

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a recíproca dependência dos direitos fundamentais, democracia e da paz, como três momentos integrantes do mesmo movimento histórico. Sem a devida proteção das liberdades fundamentais não se perfaz um governo democrático, pois, aludido regime sustenta-se na soberania popular, na separação de poderes e respeito pleno aos direitos humanos. Por outro lado, nota-se a paz como elemento intrínseco da ordem republicana, posto que fundada segundo os princípios cardeais da liberdade, igualdade e solidariedade. Destarte, necessária se (...) faz uma interpretação contemporânea buscando, sobretudo, o fortalecimento gradual e simultâneo desses três valores essenciais. (shrink)

Este artigo aborda as questões de regulação de mercados com foco em dois países: China e Estados Unidos da América, ambos influentes na condução de cenários políticos, econômicos, tecnológicos e sociais. O objetivo da pesquisa é demonstrar, por meio da revisão dos dois maiores sistemas econômicos – capitalismo e socialismo – como os aplicativos chineses WeChat e TikTok suscitaram conflitos em prol da regulação de mercados que utilizam inovações tecnológicas. A pesquisa adotou o método dedutivo e bibliográfico, por meio de (...) documentação indireta. Conclui-se que os conflitos eram mais ideológicos-políticos do que jurídicos-normativos. (shrink)

A fundamentação filosófica permeada na obra literária do Marquês de Sade está intimamente ligada às teses materialistas, em especial, às obras dos filósofos E. de Condillac e La Mettrie que exerceram tamanha influência sob o Marquês. Nos diálogos dos personagens de Sade, encontramos o desmembramento radical das teses propostas por La Metrrie, em principal, quando adere a uma fisiologia muscular, na qual está relacionada a noções de irritabilidade muscular e de sensibilidade nervosa, bem como a tese central de Condillac, quando (...) explica a natureza humana a partir do prazer e do desprazer, principalmente no que tange ao detalhamento das sensações como responsáveis pela composição de faculdades como a atenção, a memória, a imaginação e o juízo. Ao radicalizar, Sade transita por um caminho obscuro da natureza humana guiado unicamente por um prazer sexual egoísta. Sade se apropria do conceito de Estado de Natureza proposto por Thomas Hobbes para justificar a conduta libertina, porém diferente de Hobbes que reconhece no Estado de Natureza a necessidade da constituição do Estado representado por um soberano para coordenar a ordem em favor da vida de cada indivíduo, Sade, por sua vez, ao reconhecer o Estado de Natureza, onde perdura a guerra de todos contra todos, identifica a predominância da lei do mais forte. A figura do soberano libertino se apresenta para constituir a organização social denominada Orgia, cujos indivíduos adeptos reconhecem-no como o mais forte, e assim, submetem-se ao seu domínio por possuírem algo em comum: a busca de um grau elevado de prazer. (shrink)

After arguing that Hume’s judgment on metaphysics is more nuanced than it is usually believed, the relationship between the theory of meaning and the concept, or rather the problem, of “human nature” is analysed in order to underline the relevance of human nature to the explanation of the genesis of meaning and to the extent of the principle of copy, so as to finally examine the relation between meaning and theological discourse.

Starting from the Michal Sandel's 2020 book "The Tyranny of Merit", in this essay we will study the resentment of white American workers without college degrees towards political, economic and social elites and its relationship to the phenomenon of disinformation and conspiracy theories, specifically the one known as QAnon. We will first explore Sandel's book and its relationship with paranoia and then we will expose the keys to the QAnon conspiracy theory, which will serve to compare the similarities between its (...) causes and logics with Sandel's reflections on the consequences of meritocracy. (shrink)

We propose an extension of answer sets, that we call safe beliefs, that can be used to study several properties and notions of answer sets and logic programming from a more general point of view. Our definition, based on intuitionistic logic and following ideas from D. Pearce [Stable inference as intuitionistic validity, Logic Programming 38 79–91], also provides a general approach to define several semantics based on different logics or inference systems. We prove that, in particular, intuitionistic logic can be (...) replaced with any other proper intermediate logic without modifying the resulting semantics. We also show that the answer set semantics satisfies an important property, the “extension by definition”, that can be used to construct program translations. As a result we are able to provide a polynomial translation from propositional theories into the class of disjunctive programs. (shrink)

¿Fue realmente la necesidad de responder a los retos del escepticismo –y, en concreto, del escepticismo de Montaigne– lo que incitó a Descartes a formular el argumento del cogito? Este artículo defiende una respuesta negativa, pues no fue la herencia del escepticismo sino la del estoicismo clásico, también revitalizado en el Renacimiento, lo que fue determinante en el surgimiento del internalismo epistémico moderno.Palabras claves: Montaigne, Descartes, Epicteto, escepticismo, estocismo, internalismo epistémico moderno.Was Descartes’ Cogito argument an answer to the challenges of (...) Scepticism and, in particular, to Montaigne’s version of it? This paper claims that the answer to this question should be negative, since it was not the influence of Scepticism, but the one of classic Stoicism –a trend that was also retrieved in the Renaissance– the one that had the main role in the rise of modern epistemic internalism.Keywords: Montaigne, Descartes, Epictetus, Scepticism, Stoicism, modern epistemic internalism. (shrink)

El desván de la razón, cultivo de las pasiones, identidades éticas y sociedades digitales.

The paper examines a recent proposal of substitution of classic (normative) philosophy of science by a post-positivist and pluralistic axiology governed by aesthetic or formal values. The author of the paper proposes a different set of values that can enconpass not only “internal” values, but is also open to the examination of the ethical limits of tecnoscience and the principles that can govern scientific development in oru “risk societies”, which depends heavily on the general evolution of science.