In this paper we derive a theorem which proves that the physical interpretation implied by the first postulate of quantum mechanics is inconsistent with the orthodox formalism. In order to expose this inconsistency we will analyze how the concept of ‘physical system’ is built within classical theories through the notion of invariance and explain in what sense a vector in Hilbert space is not capable of fulfilling these same mathematical conditions. Through an analysis of the mathematical formalism we derive a (...) No Dynamical Invariance theorem which proves that, contrary to what is claimed in the first postulate, a vector in Hilbert space cannot be interpreted coherently as the state of a physical system. We conclude the paper by analyzing the consequences of the NDI theorem with respect to several ongoing debates in QM. (shrink)

In recent decades, investigation of brain injuries associated with amnesia allowed progress in the philosophy and science of memory, but it also paved the way for the hubris of assuming that memory is an exclusively neural phenomenon. Nonetheless, there are methodological and conceptual reasons preventing a reduction of the ecological and contextual phenomenon of memory to a neural phenomenon, since memory is the observed action of an individual before being the simple output of a brain (or, at least, so we (...) will argue), and there is no good reason to suppose that it is necessary to postulate a more basic reality to memory lying behind the mere individual actions. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem o propósito de analisar a terminologia direitos naturais e direitos humanos nos séculos XVII e XVIII. Trata-se de mostrar, por um lado, que, não obstante a terminologia direitos humanos, à primeira vista faça referência, sobretudo, ao denominado Século das Luzes, urge dar-se conta de que a terminologia mais comum no período era a de direitos naturais fundamentais, ou inalienáveis, e, por outro lado, que a compreensão da passagem e, por conseguinte, a mudança terminológica que se dá dos (...) direitos naturais aos direitos humanos é imprescindível para situar e demarcar o processo reflexivo e de aprimoramento da compreensão dos direitos humanos na atualidade a partir do enfoque da dignidade humana como fundamento. Palavras-chave: Direitos naturais. Direitos humanos. Liberdade. Igualdade. Dignidade. (shrink)

In this paper, we argue that lesbian couples who wish to have children who are genetically related to both of them should be allowed access to mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs). First, we provide a brief explanation of mitochondrial diseases and MRTs. We then present the reasons why MRTs are not, by nature, therapeutic. The upshot of the view that MRTs are non-therapeutic techniques is that their therapeutic potential cannot be invoked for restricting their use only to those cases where a (...) mitochondrial DNA disease could be ‘cured’. We then argue that a positive case for MRTs is justified by an appeal to reproductive freedom, and that the criteria to access these techniques should hence be extended to include lesbian couples who wish to share genetic parenthood. Finally, we consider a potential objection to our argument: that the desire to have genetically related kin is not a morally sufficient reason to allow lesbian couples to access MRTs. (shrink)

In the literature on enculturation—the thesis according to which higher cognitive capacities result from transformations in the brain driven by culture—numerical cognition is often cited as an example. A consequence of the enculturation account for numerical cognition is that individuals cannot acquire numerical competence if a symbolic system for numbers is not available in their cultural environment. This poses a problem for the explanation of the historical origins of numerical concepts and symbols. When a numeral system had not been created (...) yet, people did not have the opportunity to acquire number concepts. But, if people did not have number concepts, how could they ever create a symbolic system for numbers? Here I propose an account of the invention of symbolic systems for numbers by anumeric people in the remote past that is compatible with the enculturation thesis. I suggest that symbols for numbers and number concepts may have emerged at the same time through the re-semantification of words whose meanings were originally non-numerical. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone realizar un acercamiento a la concepción que desarrolla Matthew Lipman sobre las múltiples dimensiones transactivas del pensamiento, con la intención de apreciar la forma en que aporta a la consolidación de una racionalidad que tenga como características distintivas la complejidad y el humanismo; en virtud de ello, se analizan las tres vertientes principales del pensamiento multidimensional, a saber: crítica, creativa y cuidadosa. La consecuencia del escrutinio arroja que la interacción y reciprocidad que se da entre las (...) tres dimensiones susodichas abre las puertas para la emergencia de un pensamiento de orden superior, la razonabilidad, que no es otra cosa que una racionalidad compleja, capaz de reconocer la pluralidad y la diversidad; es decir, una racionalidad que pretende superar las limitaciones del pensamiento imperante, para no incurrir en la unilateralidad, el instrumentalismo y el cientifismo. Así las cosas, el pionero del programa de Filosofía para Niños considera que el alcance de la razonabilidad debe ser la finalidad de todo proceso educativo; de ahí que Lipman se dé a la tarea de forjar una propuesta filosófico-pedagógica, que será la base para el despliegue de las habilidades superiores del pensamiento, las cuales resultarán indispensables para la construcción de una democracia de alta calidad. (shrink)

Some Comments on de Melo-Martin and Harris.

In this paper, we argue that a rich phenomenological description of ?sweet tension? is an important step to understanding how and why sport is a meaningful human endeavour. We introduce the phenomenological concepts of intersubjectivity and horizon and elaborate how they inform the study and understanding of human experience. In the process, we establish that intersubjectivity is always embodied, developing and ethically committed. Likewise, we establish that our horizons are experienced from an embodied, developing and ethically committed perspective that serves (...) as the possibility for new intersubjective engagement. What follows is a discussion of the explanatory role of intersubjectivity and horizon in elucidating experiences of sweet tension in and through sport. The phenomenological account of sweet tension provides insights into the significance of our sporting experiences. Indeed, taking phenomenology seriously represents a commitment to descriptively elucidate what makes such experiences of sport significant and why we long for them. Recognising that sweet tension is a form of intersubjective horizon opens up new avenues for addressing ethical issues in sport as well as in crafting well-balanced games. (shrink)

Jeffery Aubin,Julio Cesar Dias Chaves,Steve Johnston,Louis Painchaud,Anne Pasquier,Paul-Hubert Poirier,Jennifer Wees,Eric Crégheur.

In a recent paper –Lesbian motherhood and mitochondrial replacement techniques: reproductive freedom and genetic kinship– we argued that lesbian couples who wish to have children who are genetically related to both of them should be allowed access to mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs). Françoise Baylis wrote a reply to our paper –‘No’ to lesbian motherhood using human nuclear genome transfer– where she challenges our arguments on the use of MRTs by lesbian couples, and on MRTs more generally. In this reply we (...) respond to her claims and further clarify our position. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é o de explorar as relações entre psicologia, metafísica e literatura, a partir do exame do Ensaio sobre os dados imediatos da consciência; mais exatamente, a partir da compreensão dos "sentimentos profundos", que representa, no Ensaio, o momento privilegiado para apreender a estrutura temporal da consciência. Porém, o presente estudo não abordará unicamente o texto de Bergson, suas descrições dos sentimentos profundos (como as emoções estéticas e morais), o que muito provavelmente seria repetitivo. O uso de (...) um exemplo extraído da própria literatura (no caso, o romance Grande sertão: veredas, de Guimarães Rosa) será imprescindível aqui para compreender a possibilidade de uma descrição qualitativa do "fluxo da consciência", revelando sua estrutura temporal. A partir disso, espera-se determinar com um pouco mais de clareza as interações entre psicologia, metafísica e literatura, na filosofia de Bergson. This paper aims to explore the relation between psychology, metaphysics and literature, through an examination of Bergon's Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness, or, more precisely, through the description of "deep feelings", which represent in the Essay a privileged moment for understanding the temporal structure of consciousness. However, this study will not be restricted only to Bergson's text and its descriptions of deep feelings (such as aesthetic and moral emotions), which would probably be repetitive. Instead, we shall use a work of literature (Guimarães Rosa's novel, Grande sertão: veredas) to exemplify the possibility of a qualitative description of "stream of consciousness", revealing its temporal structure. We hope in this way to clarify the interaction between psychology, metaphysics and literature in the philosophy of Bergson. (shrink)

Recent breakthroughs in stem cell differentiation and reprogramming suggest that functional human gametes could soon be created in vitro. While the ethical debate on the uses of in vitro generated gametes (IVG) was originally constrained by the fact that they could be derived only from embryonic stem cell lines, the advent of somatic cell reprogramming, with the possibility to easily derive human induced pluripotent stem cells from any individual, affords now a major leap in the feasibility of IVG derivation and (...) in the scope of their potential applications. In this paper we develop an ethical framework, rooted in recent scientific evidence, to support a robust experimental pipeline that could enable the first-in-human use of IVG. We then apply this framework to the following objectives: (1) a clarification of the genetic parenting options afforded by IVG, along with their ethical underpinnings; (2) a defence of the use of IVG to remedy infertility, broadening their scope to same-sex couples; (3) an assessment of the most far-reaching implications of IVG for multiplex parenting. These include, first, the liberation of parenting roles from the constraints of biological generations in vivo, allowing multiple individuals to engage in genetic parenting together, thus blurring the distinction between biological and social generations. Second, we discuss the conflation of IVG with sequencing technology and its implications for the possibility that prospective parents may choose among a hitherto unprecedented number of potential children. In view of these perspectives, we argue that, contrary to the exhausted paradigm according to which society lags behind science, IVG may represent instead a salient and most visible instance where biotechnological ingenuity could be used in pursuit of social experimentation. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca refletir, a partir das ideias de Hannah Arendt, como é possível que o fascismo em seu ideário totalitário encontre solo fértil para germinar e prosperar no seio de democracias contemporâneas estabelecidas, cujas constituições preveem a garantia plena do respeito aos direitos humanos. Uma vez que se busca tratar sobre o fenômeno da nova escalada autoritária no mundo ocidental, mais particularmente no Brasil dos últimos anos, serão tomados como referência teórica conceitos centrais no pensamento arendtiano: outlaw, direito (...) a ter direitos e burocracia. Tais conceitos podem ser úteis à compreensão do contexto político contemporâneo. O conceito de outlaw, que estabelece o tipo ideal do pária político, pode ser personificado na figura dos povos originários e minorias esmagadas em seus direitos pelo ideário supremacista, o direito a ter direitos, o qual denuncia a crise do Estado-nação em sua dificuldade estrutural de preservar os direitos humanos e o conceito de burocracia, que ajuda a explicar o caráter estático das instituições diante da “livre” escalada de manifestações e atos de arbítrio e difusão de ideias totalitárias, formam um panorama bastante razoável da escalada fascista, em especial no Brasil bolsonarista, auxiliando na análise e no diagnóstico da intervenção imediata, no sentido de preservação dos valores democráticos. (shrink)

In this paper I explore some of the moral issues that could emerge from the creation of human–nonhuman chimeras capable of human gamete production and human pregnancy. First I explore whether there is a cogent argument against the creation of HNH-chimeras that could produce human gametes. I conclude that so far there is none, and that in fact there is at least one good moral reason for producing such types of creatures. Afterwards I explore some of the moral problems that (...) could emerge from the fact that a HNH-chimera could become pregnant with a human conceptus. I focus on two sets of problems: problems that would arise by virtue of the fact that a human is gestated by a nonhuman creature, and problems that would emerge from the fact that such pregnancies could affect the health of the HNH-chimera. (shrink)

Pretende-se situar os momentos determinantes que dão sustentação à proposta de Levinas, elaborada ao longo de sua leitura de Heidegger, no sentido de romper com o pensamento do ser e propor um pensamento do Outro. A leitura de Levinas, como se pretende demonstrar, é atravessada, desde o seu início, pelo fio condutor de uma problematização da pretendida abertura para fora de si mesmo, na qual o Dasein heideggeriano quer se afirmar para além de toda autoconfirmação inerente às filosofias da consciência. (...) PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Alteridade. Dasein. Heidegger. Levinas. ABSTRACT This article seeks to situate the decisive moments that support Levinas’s proposal, elaborated throughout his reading of Heidegger, insofar as it breaks away from the thought of Being and proposes a thought of the Other. Levinas’s reading, it is argued, is marked from the beginning by the leading motif of a problematization of the supposed openness out of itself, in which the Heideggerian Dasein claims to affirm itself beyond all self-confirmation inherent in philosophies of consciousness. KEY WORDS – Alterity. Dasein. Heidegger. Levinas. (shrink)

O propósito do presente artigo é analisar o conceito de paz em Rousseau. Para atingir tal objetivo, é preciso ter presente três aspectos imprescindíveis de desenvolvimento: primeiro, o contexto do século XVI e século XVII a partir de dois questionamentos centrais desta época: o crescimento da desigualdade entre os seres humanos e a legitimidade do absolutismo político; segundo, a proposta de paz à Europa elaborada por Abbé de Saint-Pierre; terceiro, o projeto de paz articulado por Rousseau para a Europa.

This paper intends to enhance the great relevance that the promotion of reason received in the XIIth century. The main representatives of thought in this century can be considered, at least in a certain sense, as antecedents to what later was the European Illustration. Indeed their emphasis on rationality is huge.

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O que se pretende examinar com este estudo é a relaçáo visivelmente polêmica que Bergson estabelece, desde seus primeiros trabalhos, com a psicologia de seu tempo. Trata-se, mais exatamente, de investigar a denúncia bergsoniana dos problemas metodológicos presentes na pesquisa científica em psicologia, em particular na psicofísica do século XIX. Ao acompanhar a argumentaçáo crítica do autor, espera-se determinar as intenções filosóficas que animaram semelhante polêmica, bem como compreender o valor teórico das formulações (...) de Bergson. (shrink)

La teoría de Arendt sobre el concepto de acción es compleja, debido a que ella lo aborda desde diversas perspectivas, sin llegar a clarificar plenamente los contornos que definen este concepto central. Esta constatación permite plantear la hipótesis de que en Arendt hay diversas teorías de la acción; en primer lugar, la acción se presenta como una actividad meramente política, pero también puede haber acción violenta y por eso mismo tener efectos negativos sobre la política, y, en sentido amplio, la (...) acción puede llegar a intervenir en la naturaleza. Este trabajo realiza sucesivos acercamientos a la “acción”; para ello, en primer lugar presenta la relación entre la acción política, su relación con el concepto de praxis y su diferencia con la producción. En segundo lugar, da cuenta de la pluralidad como condición propia de la acción, posteriormente se ocupa del problema del inicio de la acción, para luego dirigir la atención al espacio en el que ella se realiza, sus relaciones con la historia y así, finalmente, presentar los elementos básicos de su estructura y función. (shrink)

This study delved into the Senior High School Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track in Bohol Province for the 2022-2023 school year, aiming to evaluate policy implementation, recognize barriers, and propose interventions. Employing a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative-descriptive surveys and qualitative-descriptive research methods as recommended by Creswell and Plano Clark (2017), the findings unveiled a predominantly positive perception of policy implementation across various dimensions of the TVL track. These encompass curriculum development, teacher training, resource allocation, industry partnerships, assessment and evaluation, student support services, (...) monitoring and quality assurance, policy adaptation and improvement, stakeholder engagement, legal framework and compliance, data collection and analysis, and inclusivity and equity. Despite variations among teachers and administrators, a general commitment to policy implementation emerged. The study identified barriers in curriculum and instruction, readiness and preparedness, resource limitations, and teaching and learning, emphasizing evidence-based strategies and interdisciplinary approaches to surmount challenges. It underscores the crucial role of research and policy development in elevating the quality and efficacy of TVL education. (shrink)

In this work I present a detailed critique of the dignity-related arguments that have been advanced against the creation of human–nonhuman chimeras that could possess human-like mental capacities. My main claim is that the arguments so far advanced are incapable of grounding a principled objection against the creation of such creatures. I conclude that these arguments have one, or more, of the following problems: they confuse the ethical assessment of the creation of chimeras with the ethical assessment of how such (...) creatures would be treated in specific contexts, they misrepresent how a being could be treated solely as means towards others’ ends, they fall short of demonstrating how humanity’s dignity would be violated by the creation of such entities, and they fail to properly characterise the moral responsibilities that moral agents have towards other moral agents and sentient beings. (shrink)

Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are a new group of biotechnologies that aim to aid women whose eggs have disease-causing deleteriously mutated mitochondria to have genetically related healthy children. These techniques have also been used to aid women with poor oocyte quality and poor embryonic development, to have genetically related children. Remarkably, MRTs create humans with DNA from three sources: nuclear DNA from the intending mother and father, and mitochondrial DNA from the egg donor. In a recent publication Françoise Baylis argued (...) that MRTs are detrimental for genealogical research via mitochondrial DNA because they would obscure the lines of individual descent. In this paper, I argue that MRTs do not obscure genealogical research, but rather that MRT-conceived children can have two mitochondrial lineages. I argue for this position by showing that MRTs are reproductive in nature and, thus, they create genealogy. (shrink)

In this paper I argue that some human reproductive genome editing interventions can be therapeutic in nature, and thus that it is false that all such interventions just create healthy individuals. I do this by showing that the conditions established by a therapy definition are met by certain reproductive genome editing interventions. I then defend this position against two objections: (a) reproductive genome editing interventions do not attain one of the two conditions for something to be a therapy, and (b) (...) some reproductive genome editing interventions are therapeutic but in a nonstandard way. In the Conclusion I call for a more nuanced discussion of the nature of reproductive genome editing interventions. (shrink)

Children created through mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are commonly presented as possessing 50% of their mother’s nuclear DNA, 50% of their father’s nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial DNA of an egg donor. This lab-engineered genetic composition has prompted two questions: Do children who are the product of an MRT procedure have threegeneticparents? And, do MRT egg donors have parental responsibilities for the children created? In this paper, I address the second question and in doing so I also address the first (...) one. First, I present a brief account of mitochondrial diseases and MRTs. Second, I examine how MRTs affect the numerical identity of eggs and zygotes. Third, I investigate two genetic accounts of parenthood and MRT egg donation. Fourth, I explore three causal accounts of parenthood and MRT egg donation. My conclusion is that, under the appropriate circumstances, MRT egg donors are parentally responsible for the children created under genetic accounts of parenthood and under causal accounts of parenthood. (shrink)

In this paper we attempt to discuss what has Kochen-Specker theorem to say about physical invariance and quantum individuality. In particular, we will discuss the impossibility of making reference to objective physical properties within the orthodox formalism of quantum mechanics. Through an analysis of the meaning of physical invariance and quantum contextuality we will derive a Corollary to KS theorem that proves that a vector in Hilbert space cannot be interpreted coherently as an object possessing physical properties. As a consequence, (...) the notion of quantum object can be only defined in terms of nomological properties. We conclude the paper by analyzing the consequences of this Corollary to KS theorem for the ongoing debate about quantum individuality. (shrink)

Este texto pretende discutir, do ponto de vista kantiano, o que pode ser ensinado e o que pode ser aprendido em Filosofia. Seu objetivo é construir os argumentos hipotéticos de Kant em face do método estruturalista de leitura de textos filosóficos. Para circunscrever este tema, aparentemente muito amplo, tomaremos como fio condutor um célebre texto de aula de I. Kant, publicado por G. B. Jäsche sob o título Manual dos Cursos de Lógica Geral. Kant ministrou este curso por mais de (...) quarenta anos, até o término de suas atividades docentes em 1797, e nele apresenta considerações bastante fecundas e atuais sobre o ensino da História da Filosofia e sobre a formação do filósofo. A partir da distinção entre conhecimento histórico e conhecimento racional, e da distinção entre o conceito de filosofia na escola e o conceito de filosofia no mundo (AK 9:24), procuraremos apresentar as contribuições kantianas que podem ainda ser consideradas pertinentes para se discutir o modo de ensinar Filosofia e a formação do filósofo. (shrink)

El artículo estudia la emergencia de testimonios de torturados durante la dictadura militar y posteriormente de testimonios de víctimas de abusos sexuales y de conciencia por parte de sacerdotes chilenos, postulando que estamos frente un nuevo tipo de testimonio que emerge de situaciones de violencia. La pesquisa realiza un análisis semiótico de estos relatos estudiando axiomas que caracterizan este tipo de texto sosteniendo que estos textos poseen una relevancia epistémica y teológica esencial para la superación de la crisis eclesial.

In de Ronde and Massri it was argued against the orthodox definition of quantum entanglement in terms of pure and separable states. In this paper we attempt to discuss how the logos categorical approach to quantum mechanics is able to provide an objective formal account of the notion of entanglement—completely independent of both purity and separability—in terms of the potential coding of intensive relations and effective relations. We will show how our novel redefinition allows us to provide an anschaulich content (...) to the notion of entanglement, erasing in this way the “spookiness” still present within its orthodox understanding in terms of space-time separated collapse particles. (shrink)

Cultural diversity is an inescapable reality and a concern in many businesses where it can often raise ethical questions and dilemmas. This paper aims to offer suggestions to certain problems facing managers in dealing with cultural diversity through the inspiration of Thomas Aquinas. Although he may be perceived as a voice from the distant past, we can still find in his writings helpful and original ideas and criteria. He welcomes cultural differences as a part of the perfection of the universe. (...) His systemic approach leads one to place the problem in its proper context, and to reflect on it from the perspective of virtue ethics, with a central role for practical wisdom and giving primacy to neighborly love and natural moral law. Rather than a set of rigid standards with no consideration of diversity Aquinas focuses on the common human ground, which allows for the indispensable dialogue between different positions. When dealing with practical questions, the problem is one of finding the right balance between general principle and cultural specifics, tolerance, and dialogue, always guided by practical wisdom. In this way, Aquinas’ approach is neither rigid ethical universalism with no consideration for diversity nor moral relativism with no place for any transcultural and absolute morals. (shrink)

Lógos é termo grego central para a construção do movimento sofístico. Górgias de Leontinos, um dos principais representantes da primeira geração desse movimento, propôs-se a refletir, em Elogio de Helena, sobre o discurso como um grande e soberano senhor, capaz de ao mesmo tempo produzir persuasão em Helena e denunciar esse poder persuasivo. Na primeira parte deste estudo, pretendemos situar o lógos como fabricador de vivências em seu ouvinte, o que sugere a compreensão do poder persuasivo. Na segunda parte, a (...) fabricação de vivências, diferente da persuasão, se identificará com uma realidade fictícia produzida devido ao engano voluntário. Por ser voluntária essa experiência do engano, o motivo da soberania do lógos está para Górgias, em que o discurso, além de persuadir, pode servir como instrumento possível para a fabricação de aprendizados, cuja experiência artística o seu próprio texto exemplifica. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta um esboço de programa de pesquisa sobre a recepção filosófica da psicanálise, baseado em uma dupla proposta: 1) a formulação de uma história dessa recepção, 2) a possibilidade de extrair dessa história, um método. A argumentação se desenvolve em duas direções: i) na caracterização geral das maiores tradições de recepção filosófica da psicanálise — as tradições alemã, anglo-saxã e francesa —, seguida da análise específica dos trabalhos da filosofia brasileira da psicanálise e do freudismo filosófico francês; ii) (...) na discussão de questões metodológicas: a) de história, b) de método e c) de locus, que constituem o problema de saber se uma história da recepção filosófica da psicanálise pode nos fornecer, ou não, um novo método de pensamento. A principal conclusão do trabalho é a de que um programa de pesquisa sobre a recepção filosófica da psicanálise, concebido nos termos aqui propostos – história e método –, deve ser levado adiante especialmente pela recepção filosófica brasileira da psicanálise, isto é, tudo indica que é do conjunto de pesquisas realizadas no Brasil que poderá surgir uma “história e método da recepção filosófica da psicanálise”. (shrink)

En este trabajo se presentan las ideas más representativas que para el siglo XVI, durante la fundación de Bogotá, influyeron en la concepción del imaginario de ciudad. El artículo plantea tres momentos clave: en el primero, se realiza un acercamiento al pensamiento de Aristóteles, a través del análisis de dos de sus obras La política y La ética a Nicómaco. De ellas se deducen seis características que, probablemente, fueron conocidas y estudiadas por los humanistas y renacentistas y aplicadas por la (...) Corona española para dar fisonomía y orden a la fundación de ciudades en toda la América descubierta, conquistada y colonizada por España en los siglos XVI y XVII. En el segundo momento, muestra la influencia de las ideas aristotélicas en el pensamiento de hombres como santo Tomás y León Battista Alberti; además presenta las concepciones de inferioridad de ciertos hombres y de acciones mágicas que, según el imaginario de la época, permiten controlar el espacio a los seres que lo habitan. Cada una de estas concepciones influyó en la manera como los españoles se relacionaron con este territorio y con las razas india y negra. En un tercer momento, se presenta un acercamiento a la ciudad colonial establecida en el siglo XVI, cuyo ordenamiento social estaba enmarcado en la fisonomía ortogonal o damérica de sus calles, con lo cual se buscaba orden y control social. (shrink)

News about the first baby born after a mitochondrial replacement technique (MRT; specifically maternal spindle transfer) broke on September 27, 2016 and, in a matter of hours, went global. Of special interest was the fact that the mitochondrial replacement procedure happened in Mexico. One of the scientists behind this world first was quoted as having said that he and his team went to Mexico to carry out the procedure because, in Mexico, there are no rules. In this paper, we explore (...) Mexico's rule of law in relation to mitochondrial replacement techniques and show that, in fact, certain instances of MRTs are prohibited at the federal level and others are prohibited at the state level. According to our interpretation of the law, the scientists behind this first successful MRT procedure broke federal regulations regarding assisted fertilization research. (shrink)

El presente trabajo realiza una breve exposición de las estructuras de relación recíprocas del pueblo kichwa Saraguro en el actuar colectivo de la mukuna; dentro del mismo se devela la ética económica del cuidado de la vida que subyace a tal matriz, así como las normas que rigen su manifestación y desarrollo. Defiende la comunidad como campo de expresión de ciertas individualidades no individuales, de reafirmación comunitaria, de lucha y relación económico que destruye la acumulación del capital.

La doctrina aristotélica de la elección desempeña un papel clave en su concepción de la virtud ética y de la praxis moral. El objeto de este artículo es analizar el planteamiento aristotélico y cómo es interpretado por Aspasio en el siglo II d.c. El hecho de que el Comentario aspasiano sea el primero conservado, nos permite rastrear su evolución, los problemas a los que responde y las consecuencias de este proceso. Siendo su interpretación fiel a la concepción aristotélica, incorpora elementos (...) de la visión estoica de la teoría de la acción, que tiene como consecuencia una modificación de la doctrina de la voluntariedad de los actos. (shrink)

O artigo pretende sublinhar a incompatibilidade que a hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer apresenta com relação ao projecto filosófico de Heidegger. O seu objectivo é, desta forma, problematizar a ideia segundo a qual a hermenêutica filosófica constitui um desdobramento representativo do pensamento heideggeriano. O artigo apresenta, desta forma, a hermenêutica de Gadamer nos termos de uma filosofia comprometida com uma tarefa de refundação e onde a práxis, entendida como imanência da vida histórica, se mostra precisamente como o novo fundamento. Este encontro (...) de Gadamer com a práxis, no entanto, revela-se possível apenas na medida de uma não identificação, ainda que pouco explícita, da hermenêutica filosófica em relação ao projecto heideggeriano. Daí a relevância que em Gadamer, ao contrário de Heidegger, se dá a autores metafisicos tais como Hegel e Dilthey. /// This article stresses the incompatibility it sees at work between Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics and the heideggerian philosophical project. The aim is to put into question the way of characterizing philosophical hermeneutics as a representative branch of Heidegger's way of thinking. Gadamer's hermeneutics is accordingly presented as a philosophy oriented towards the affirmation of a new foundation. Praxis, understood as the immanent flow of historical life, shows itself as a new foundation. This encounter with praxis, however, is possible only due to a type of non—identification, even though not in an explicit way, between philosophical hermeneutics and the heideggerian project. This explains why metaphysical authors such as Hegel and Dilthey have in Gadamer's work a relevance not found within the framework of Heidegger's thought. (shrink)

Several objections against the morality of researching or employing mitochondrial replacement techniques have been advanced recently. In this paper, I examine three of these objections and show that they are found wanting. First I examine whether mitochondrial replacement techniques, research and clinical practice, should not be carried out because of possible harms to egg donors. Next I assess whether mitochondrial replacement techniques should be banned because they could affect the study of genealogical ancestry. Finally, I examine the claim that mitochondrial (...) replacement techniques are not transferring mitochondrial DNA but nuclear DNA, and that this should be prohibited on ethical grounds. (shrink)

In the 1990s, Franklin Leopoldo e Silva wrote several articles on the question of history from the Pascalian point of view. This article intends to resume these texts, showing how they present a complex and structured view on the subject. Reflecting on Pascal’s theological discussions, Leopoldo e Silva shows us how the French philosopher paves the way for a renewed conception of historicity.