In this paper, we thoroughly investigate the various solutions proposed to solve the problems of transplantation system in Romania. Three types of solutions are especially envisaged: legislative ones, institutional ones and cultural/religious ones. We carefully analyze the main ethical and logistical arguments on presumed consent and its alternatives in Romania: family consent provided by the relatives and mandated choice. Special attention is dedicated both to institutional solutions (organizational, educational and information issues) and to religious arguments and motivations, for there were (...) several indicators of their importance for Romanian bioethical discourse in general and for their prevalence in transplantation debates in particular. . (shrink)

The purpose of this text is to analyze the social representations of feminism in divinatory practices. Our research in a few Moldavian counties has identified two main types of social representations of the relationship between magic/divination and feminism. Therefore, there are some dual representations of the feminine divinatory agents versus the masculine ones. Even though women are well represented among clairvoyants, clients, and spectators, these valorizations function as negative stereotypes and do not serve the women. Another representation of feminism in (...) divinatory practices that does not necessarily imply negativism and damnation is a more recent one. Old stereotypes are tamed and attenuated. The results of our research have shown that women continue to be associated with the survival of these practices. This is proof that old myths and representations are still alive. They are discretely present in social expressions. Finally, they will dominate us completely. (shrink)

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Review of Nicolae Râmbu, The Value of Sense and the Sense of Value ( Valoarea sentimentului și sentimentul valorii ), (Cluj-Napoca, Grinta Press, 2010), 172 pages.

For the one who studies the socio-anthropology of religions, the book itself is the main character of the fascinating journey that Moshe Idel proposes in Perfections that absorb. Cabala and interpretation Starting from the imaginary of the book in the Judaic mystical literature, as presented by Moshe Idel, we have found four main hypostases of the book: the book as a pre-existent paradigm, the book as creation, the book as a paradox, and the book as a knowledge tool. We have (...) noticed that these hypostases are to be found also in the folk products from the traditional Romanian settings this showing the presence of similar aspects regarding the representations of the book on a social imaginary level in various cultural areas. Thus, we have tried to present the hermeneutics of the negative and its applicability for the socio-anthropological study of some divinatory phenomena that make reference to the book or whose central point is the book. Moreover, the conclusions of this analysis have demonstrated the large applicability of the hermeneutics of the negative so well described by professor Moshe Idel. This can also be extended to other socio-humanistic sciences. (shrink)

Review of Cristina Gavriluţă , The Everyday Sacred. Symbols, Rituals, Mythologies , (Saarbrucken, Germany: Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, 2013). Review of Nicu Gavriluţă, Sociologia religiilor. Credinţe, ritualuri, ideologii (The sociology of religions. Beliefs, rituals, ideologies), (Iași: Polirom, 2013).

Review of Cristina Gavriluţă, Nicu Gavriluţă, Sociologia sportului. Toerii, metode, aplicaţii (Sports' Sociology. Theories, methods, applications) , (Iaşi: Polirom Publishing House, 2010).

Genetic counselling is an important aspect of prenatal care in many developed countries. This tendency has also begun to emerge in Br.

Alfonso Monsalve Solórzano: Colombia: democracia y paz. Medellín, Fondo Editorial Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 1999, pp. 378.

Editorial do dossiê "A Guerra da Tríplice Aliança, 150 anos depois".

A síndrome de burnout é um fenómeno psicossocial que resulta de uma tensão emocional crónica, vivenciada pelos profissionais cujo trabalho envolve o relacionamento intenso e frequente com pessoas que necessitam de algum tipo de cuidado. O objectivo deste estudo foi comparar a prevalência e os factor..

In Portugal, research productivity is nowadays essential for the positive assessment of academics, research units and study programmes. Academic inbreeding has been highlighted in the literature as one of the factors influencing research productivity. This paper tests the hypothesis that inbreeding is detrimental for research productivity, measured through the number of publications listed in Scopus. The study resorts to a database provided by the national Agency for Assessment and Accreditation of Higher Education, which comprises all academics teaching in all Portuguese (...) institutions in the academic year 2015/2016. The sample selected for the analysis contains all academics with a PhD in Sociology. The study uses a special regression model for the analysis: the negative binomial logit hurdle. This was necessary given the large amount of academics with no publications or citations in Scopus, which were the dependent variables to assess research performance. The analysis provides separate results for the probability of inbred academics of having no papers/citations, and for the probability of producing more papers/citations than the non-inbred. Findings suggest that academic inbreeding, defined at the institutional level, has no negative effect on research productivity, contrary to what was expected. However, when defined at the national level, academic inbreeding is detrimental for the recognition and the impact of research: academics with a foreign PhD are more likely to have citations compared to academics who obtained their PhD in Portugal. A tendency was also noted that inbreeding might be more detrimental to research productivity in faculties of Economics than in Social Sciences and Humanities. (shrink)

El taller del artista ha sido un tema poco explorado por la investigación en Colombia, por lo tanto, este texto busca aproximarse al espacio creativo por excelencia de los artistas plásticos, pero en particular al taller de las artistas mujeres con el fin de problematizar la relación entre lo público y lo privado en la obra de la pintora antioqueña Dora Ramírez nacida en los años veinte del siglo pasado.

Background: The intensive care unit environment focuses on interventions and support therapies that prolong life. The exercise by nurses of their autonomy impacts on perception of the role they assume in the multidisciplinary team and on their function in the intensive care unit context. There is much international research relating to nurses’ involvement in end-of-life situations; however, there is a paucity of research in this area in Brazil. In the Brazilian medical scenario, life support limitation generated a certain reluctance of (...) a legal nature, which has now become unjustifiable with the publication of a resolution by the Federal Medical Council. In Brazil, the lack of medical commitments to end-of-life care is evident. Objective: To understand the process by which nurses exercise autonomy in making end-of-life decisions in intensive care units. Research design: Symbolic Interactionism and Corbin and Strauss theory methodology were used for this study. Participants and research context: Data were collected through single audio-recorded qualitative interviews with 14 critical care nurses. The comparative analysis of the data has permitted the understanding of the meaning of nurse’s experience in exercising autonomy relating to end-of-life decision-making. Ethical considerations: Institutional ethics approval was obtained for data collection. Participants gave informed consent. All data were anonymized. Findings: The results revealed that nurses experience the need to exercise autonomy in intensive care units on a daily basis. Their experience expressed by the process of increase opportunities to exercise autonomy is conditioned by the pressure of the intensive care unit environment, in which nurses can grow, feel empowered, and exercise their autonomy or else can continuously depend on the decisions made by other professionals. Conclusion: Nurses exercise their autonomy through care. They work to create new spaces at the same time that they acquire new knowledge and make decisions. Because of the complexity of the end-of-life situation, nurses must adopt a proactive attitude that inserts them into the decision-making process. (shrink)

Alasdair MacIntyre ao realizar uma série de críticas à moralidade e filosofia moral modernas e contemporâneas defende a tese de que o desacordo moral e a ausência de justificação racional para a moralidade é fruto do abandono do elemento teleológico da ética, especialmente do abandono da ética aristotélica, o que o leva a propor a retomada da ética teleológica de Aristóteles. Essa retomada é justificada com a teoria da racionalidade das tradições, por meio da afirmação de que o modo tradicional (...) de investigação é o melhor e que a tradição aristotélico-tomista corresponde a uma tradição moral superior às suas rivais. Com sua adesão a essa tradição MacIntyre vai apontar Tomás de Aquino como o teórico que conseguiu reunir todas as características do modo tradicional de investigação moral, integrando a tradição aristotélica e a agostiniana, o que fez com que o próprio MacIntyre se aproximasse e se apropriasse cada vez de elementos fundamentais do Tomismo. O Tomismo de MacIntyre, por sua vez, sofre uma série de críticas e objeções, especialmente em relação às tensões que se estabelecem no interior do pensamento do autor, que em After Virtue prometia um pensamento secular e pragmático. Este trabalho tratará dessa tensão e de algumas críticas direcionadas ao Tomismo de MacIntyre. (shrink)

A partir de un texto de Arturo Andrés Roig, se propone un ejercicio reflexivo acerca de la dimensión antropológica del problema del ser y del tener. A través de la confrontación de dos relatos míticos pertenecientes a tradiciones diferentes, una de origen indoeuropeo y otra latinoamericana, se muestra la posibilidad de interpelar y replantear la pregunta por lo humano atendiendo a los principios de entidad y de tenencia que la atraviesan, de modo complejo, fáctica y axiológicamente. El artículo invita a (...) revisar los registros dualistas de los interrogantes antropológicos y abrir otras posibilidades desde los modos como los sujetos se objetivan y reconocen como tales a través de los diferentes discursos. Based on a text written by the philosopher Arturo Andrés Roig, we propose an exercise in order to analyze the anthropological dimension of the problem present in the essence of being and having. Taking into account the confrontation of two mythical tales belonging to different traditions, one from Indo-European origin, the other from Latin American origin, we suggest to reconsider and question the problem from a human point of view giving emphasis on the principles of being and having. The problem is studied in a factual and an axiological way. This article is an invitation to revise the dualist registers of anthropological questions and to open up to other possibilities as regards the ways in which subjects are objectified and recognized through different discourses. (shrink)

O artigo discorre sobre o constitucionalismo latino-americano, suas fases e sua contemporaneidade. O objetivo desse trabalho é trazer o histórico do constitucionalismo latino-americano, e ainda, analisar sua atual situação, com foco no novo constitucionalismo dialógico, proposto pelo professor Roberto Gargarella. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica. Conclui-se que o atual constitucionalismo de alguns países latino-americanos precisa implementar uma política dialógica ou deliberativa, a qual a participação popular é fundamental na tomada de decisões públicas.

A cross-cultural analysis of trust and cooperation networks in Northern Ghana (NGHA) and Oaxaca (OAX) was carried out by means of ego networks and interviews. These regions were chosen because both are inhabited by several ethnic groups, thus providing a good opportunity to test the cultural group selection hypothesis. Against the predictions of this approach, we found that in both regions cooperation is grounded in personal trust groups, and that social cohesion depends on these emotional bonds. Moreover, in agreement with (...) Fiske's notion of “evolved proclivities”, we also found two distinct kinds of trust networks, one for each region, which vary in terms of the degree of ethnic interrelation. This pattern suggests that social cohesion increases when environmental resources are scarce. (shrink)

A brief theoretical review of the current state of the art of embodiment research in clinical psychology has been expounded in order to highlight the key role that embodied conceptualization has on the understanding and explanation of several mental disorders, such as eating disorders, schizophrenia and depression. Evidence has suggested that mental disorders may be explained as disturbances of embodiment, from the disembodiment to the hyperembodiment. In order to understand how some clinical conditions are affected by cultural models, we propose (...) and define a new framework called Exbodiment, complementary to the Embodiment approach to cognition. Mental disorder is strictly related to the subject-culture interaction that may be explained as a two way process in which embodiment and exbodiment are complementary points of view. In this perspective, embodiment may be seen as the “top-down” process, while exbodiment the “bottom-up” one. The introduction of exbodiment conceptualization highlights how subject is both receiver and interpreter of social influence. Subject is the target of a cultural pressure and, at the same time, enacts its own embodied culture in world. Exbodiment conceptualization may help clinicians to better understand and explain the role of culture in the onset and maintenance of mental disorders. (shrink)

This paper suggests that the focus on abortion legalization in the aftermath of the Zika outbreak is distracting for policy and lawmakers from what needs to be done to address the outbreak effectively. Meeting basic health needs, together with research and development conducive to a vaccine or treatment for the Zika virus should be priorities.

Atores com distintas perspectivas educacionais têm utilizado, cada vez mais, o vocábulo autonomia de acordo com os seus interesses. Objetivamos com este artigo, que é uma revisão de literatura, discutir sobre a autonomia a partir de enfoques da Filosofia, da Psicologia e da Sociologia. As contribuições de autores como Rousseau, Kant, Freud, Adorno, Agamben, Piaget, Kamii, Martins, Freire, Barguil, dentre outros, enriquecem uma leitura interdisciplinar da complexa relação entre autonomia e Educação. Concluímos que a autonomia não é uma característica do (...) sujeito, mas uma prática indispensável para o seu desenvolvimento individual e social, bem como para fortalecer o processo democrático. (shrink)

Nas últimas décadas, a ideia de criatividade tem obtido um aumento de interesse nos campos da filosofia, ciências cognitivas, sociologia, etc. e tem havido uma contribuição renovada com relação à ideia clássica de criatividade. Consideramos que a contribuição do pragmatismo clássico merece uma menção especial – em especial, as obras de Charles S. Peirce e John Dewey. Neste artigo, iremos nos referir, exclusivamente, ao tratamento deweyiano a essa ideia. Sustentaremos que a teoria de Dewey fornece elementos interpretativos que são inovadores (...) e disruptivos com relação à tradição filosófica, inclusive, uma nova concepção de imaginação criativa. Exporemos algumas consequências de sua posição – como nós a interpretamos. Com efeito, sustentaremos que Dewey afasta-se das demandas clássicas para as quais um produto criativo envolve, necessariamente, uma transformação radical da vida humana, segundo a ideia de níveis de criatividade; essa teoria deweyiana constitui um insight interessante para a promoção da atitude criativa; esse processo criativo preserva a mesma estrutura em todos os casos – ciência e arte, por exemplo – e essa criatividade é, agora, uma potencialidade intrínseca dos seres humanos – a qual pode ser realizada ou não. Por fim, consideramos a relevância de alguma tese deweyiana para as posições atuais, como no caso do psicólogo cognitivo Robert Weisberg, enfatizando as coincidências e desacordos de ambos. (shrink)

O artigo objetiva refletir acerca dos embates vivenciados pelos acadêmicos do curso de Pedagogia, durante o momento de Estágio Supervisionado na Educação Infantil, buscando identificar a contribuição desta disciplina no curso de Pedagogia para a formação dos futuros profissionais. Para isso, partimos da importância do estágio supervisionado na formação inicial de professores e sustentamos a reflexão a partir da análise documental do plano de ensino da disciplina e de dezenove relatórios de estágio, no contexto de uma instituição pública de Ensino (...) Superior. As análises estão respaldadas em autores como Kishimoto, Pimenta, dentre outros que contribuem para pensarmos a relevância do estágio, como elemento formador. Dadas as necessidades e o franco desenvolvimento vivido pelas crianças na faixa etária da Educação Infantil, torna-se necessária uma formação inicial consistente em que os futuros docentes sejam capacitados a trabalhar fomentando nas crianças habilidades sociais, intelectuais, físicas e afetivas. Os dados evidenciaram um distanciamento entre o contexto estudado na universidade e o cotidiano nas instituições de Educação Infantil, condição que torna menos qualificada a experiência do estágio supervisionado, mas não reduz sua importância como momento de reflexão e aproximação com o campo de trabalho. Embora exista uma relação entre o plano de ensino da disciplina e os relatórios analisados, ainda persiste uma grande distância entre a formação oferecida no âmbito acadêmico e a prática das instituições. Isso, ao contrário de oferecer um descrédito à formação, demonstra uma necessidade de melhor preparo e espaço para as discussões acerca da Educação Infantil, nos cursos de formação de docentes. (shrink)

Este artículo explora mi devenir como indagadora narrativa en la educación superior. Se trata de una aproximación íntima a las formas teóricas y metodológicas en las cuales, dentro de mi grupo de investigación en la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina, hemos recogido relatos sus docentes y estudiantes para estudiar entre otros temas, representaciones sobre el currículo, buenas prácticas de enseñanza, docentes memorables, identidades y experiencias de docentes en ciernes. En el transcurso de este (...) devenir indagador reconocemos, en este orden, estaciones de cruces con diversas metodologías tan narrativas como íntimas: investigación de narrativas; investigación con narrativas; investigación biográfico-narrativa; indagación narrativa; indagación poética; autoetnografía; indagación narrativa visual. Examinamos los vínculos metodológicos y teóricos entre qué investigamos y relatamos, cómo lo hacemos y lo re-presentamos y quiénes devenimos entre los contenidos teóricos y las formas metodológicas. Mediante este trabajo, aspiramos a continuar los diálogos con el variado universo narrativo en el ámbito de la educación universitaria. (shrink)

Riassunto: In questo contributo analizzeremo il criterio del danno, presente nella definizione generale di disturbo mentale del DSM. La questione ha rilevanza sia da un punto di vista filosofico, perché il danno è una componente normativa e valoriale, non oggettiva, sia da un punto di vista clinico, perché chi ha difeso il criterio del danno ha spesso sostenuto che in sua assenza avremmo troppi falsi positivi. Infine, ha importanza dal punto di vista socio-sanitario in relazione al rapporto tra la psichiatria (...) e la medicina non psichiatrica, nello specifico tra il DSM e l’ICD. Sosterremo che ci sono buone ragioni per non mantenere il danno come criterio necessario nella definizione generale del disturbo mentale. Dopo una breve introduzione, forniremo una panoramica storica sul ruolo del criterio del danno nelle varie edizioni del DSM. Successivamente si illustrerà la principale obiezione contro l’inclusione del criterio del danno nella definizione generale di disturbo mentale, ossia il problema dei falsi negativi, per poi presentare e discutere ulteriori ragioni – medico-pratiche e concettuali – che depongono a sfavore dell’attribuzione di un forte peso al criterio del danno. In sede conclusiva ribadiamo come la decisione presa dalla task force del DSM-5 di escludere il criterio del danno dalla definizione generale di disturbo mentale debba essere sostenuta. Parole chiave: Danno; Disabilità; Disagio; Disturbo mentale; DSM “Harm” as Criterion for the Definition of Mental Disease in DSM. Some Epistemological Reflections: In this paper, we analyse the harm requirement in the general definition of mental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. This issue has both philosophical and clinical relevance: on the one hand the harm requirement is a normative, value-laden, non-objective component in the definition of mental disorder; on the other hand, the harm requirement has often been defended on the grounds that it prevents an increase in false positives. The issue is also important in assessing the relationship between psychiatry and somatic medicine, more precisely, between the DSM and the International Classification of Diseases. We argue that there are good reasons not to maintain the harm requirement in the general definition of mental disorder. After a brief introduction, we overview the history of the harm requirement across the various editions of the DSM. Then, we examine the main objection to the inclusion of the harm requirement in the general definition of mental disorder, that is, the problem of false negatives, and also present several other points – both practical and conceptual – that help demonstrate why the harm requirement is inadequate as a definiens of mental disorder. To conclude, we stress that the decision of the DSM-5 task force not to regard the harm requirement as a necessary component of mental disorder should be endorsed. Keywords: Harm; Disability, Distress; Mental Disorder; DSM. (shrink)

This study explores the intra-organizational antecedents of sustainable governance by examining the impact of female presence at the corporate apex. Drawing upon the upper echelon theory, we investigate whether women in top positions influence sustainable governance practices. Our research focuses on a sample of companies operating within two distinct market economies: liberal market economies (LMEs) and coordinated market economies (CMEs). The United States, represented by the S&P100, and the United Kingdom, represented by the FTSE100, serve as examples of LMEs. Conversely, (...) Germany (DAX30), France (CAC40), Spain (IBEX35), and Switzerland (SMI) are illustrative of CMEs. Analyzing archival data spanning from 2010 to 2019, we confirm that the presence of a critical mass of women on the board of directors significantly increases the likelihood of establishing a sustainability committee within organizations. This relationship holds true across both LMEs and CMEs, highlighting the universal importance of gender diversity in driving sustainable governance initiatives. Interestingly, we observe that the impact of women with structural power on sustainability committee formation is specific to LMEs, suggesting the context-dependent nature of female leadership in sustainable governance. (shrink)

Este trabajo se propone la lectura y recepción estéticas de L'identüé de MilanKundera. La reconstrucción y concretización de la dinámica intema de la obra se hará a partir de la filosofía existencialista acuñada y defendida por Jean Paul Sartre en su primer texto filosófico, L'etre et le néant, y en su novela Lanausée. Se intentará, pues. configurar L'idenüté sobre la base de aquella modalidad de l'etre-pour-autrui descrita por Sartre, modalidad que fluye del texto mismodel novelista checo y que se encuentra (...) asentada sobre aquella dialéctica delos personqjes enclavada en el interior de la Eirifühlung de una relación amorosa signada por la mirada. En este contexto. se estudiará si los personajes"kunderianos" han pagado el costo que les impone el (más grande) existencialista francés para resguardar su "identidad", es decir, si han elegido convertirse provisionalmente en esa objetividad inerte y exteriorizada en la que la libertad que los define como para-síes ha devenido pasada y ajena. (shrink)

RESUMEN La discapacidad que afecta a la población infantil constituye un problema emergente; diagnosticarla y tratarla de manera integral es parte del trabajo diario del profesional de Enfermería en la atención primaria de salud. Durante el estudio se identificaron carencias en las habilidades profesionales de los licenciados en Enfermería respecto a este saber. Se aplicó un entrenamiento encaminado al desarrollo de habilidades profesionales especializadas para la atención integral a la discapacidad infantil en este personal. Por ello el objetivo del presente (...) trabajo está dirigido a exponer los resultados del entrenamiento. Los métodos y técnicas empleados incluyeron la observación científica, encuesta, entrevista, la técnica de grupo focal y el criterio de expertos. El entrenamiento se sometió al criterio de expertos. Se corroboró su impacto positivo como una vía importante para la preparación y desarrollo de habilidades profesionales en la muestra seleccionada. ABSTRACT The disability that affects the children population constitutes an emergent problem; to diagnose it and to treat it as an integral way is a part of the daily work of the professional of Infirmary in the primary health care. During the study, lacks in the professional skills of the Bachelors of Infirmary with regard to this know ledge were identified. There was applied a training directed to the development of specialized professional skills for the integral attention to the infant disability in this personnel. That is why the objective of the present work is directed to exhibit the results of the training. The methods and techniques used included the scientific observation, polls, interviews, the technique of focal group and the experts' criteria. The training was surrendered to the experts' criteria. It was corroborated its positive impact as an important route for the preparation and development of professional skills in the chosen sample. (shrink)