Results for 'Cyril Holm'

956 found
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  1.  39
    F. A. Hayek's Critique of Legislation.Cyril Holm - unknown
    The dissertation concerns F. A. Hayek’s critique of legislation. The purpose of the investigation is to clarify and assess that critique. I argue that there is in Hayek’s work a critique of legislation that is distinct from his well-known critique of social planning. Further that the main claim of this critique is what I refer to as Hayek’s legislation tenet, namely that legislation that aims to achieve specific aggregate results in complex orders of society will decrease the welfare level. The (...)
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  2. The Fairness in Algorithmic Fairness.Sune Holm - 2023 - Res Publica 29 (2):265-281.
    With the increasing use of algorithms in high-stakes areas such as criminal justice and health has come a significant concern about the fairness of prediction-based decision procedures. In this article I argue that a prominent class of mathematically incompatible performance parity criteria can all be understood as applications of John Broome’s account of fairness as the proportional satisfaction of claims. On this interpretation these criteria do not disagree on what it means for an algorithm to be _fair_. Rather they express (...)
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  3. Not just autonomy--the principles of American biomedical ethics.S. Holm - 1995 - Journal of Medical Ethics 21 (6):332-338.
    The Principles of Biomedical Ethics by Tom L Beauchamp and James F Childress which is now in its fourth edition has had a great influence on the development of bioethics through its exposition of a theory based on the four principles: respect for autonomy; non-maleficence; beneficence, and justice (1). The theory is developed as a common-morality theory, and the present paper attempts to show how this approach, starting from American common-morality, leads to an underdevelopment of beneficence and justice, and that (...)
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  4.  59
    “Nudging” and Informed Consent Revisited: Why “Nudging” Fails in the Clinical Context.Søren Holm & Thomas Ploug - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics 13 (6):29-31.
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  5.  31
    A general approach to compensation for losses incurred due to public health interventions in the infectious disease context.Søren Holm - 2020 - Monash Bioethics Review 38 (1):32-46.
    This paper develops a general approach to how society should compensate for losses that individuals incur due to public health interventions aimed at controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The paper falls in three parts. The first part provides an initial introduction to the issues and briefly outlines five different kinds of public health interventions that will be used as test cases. They are all directed at individuals and aimed at controlling the spread of infectious diseases (1) isolation, (2) quarantine, (...)
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  6.  98
    Going to the roots of the stem cell controversy.Søren Holm - 2002 - Bioethics 16 (6):493–507.
    The purpose of this paper is to describe the scientific background to the current ethical and legislative debates about the generation and use of human stem cells, and to give an overview of the ethical issues underlying these debates. The ethical issues discussed are 1) stem cells and the status of the embryo, 2) women as the sources of ova for stem cell production, 3) the use of ova from other species, 4) slippery slopes towards reproductive cloning, 5) the public (...)
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  7. Donation, Control and the Ownership of Conscious Things.Søren Holm & Jonathan Lewis - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 13 (2):106-108.
  8.  91
    What is wrong with compliance?S. Holm - 1993 - Journal of Medical Ethics 19 (2):108-110.
    Non-compliance is a label often used about patients who do not follow therapeutic advice. This paper analyses the notion of compliance, and tries to show that this notion is inextricably bound to a paternalistic conception of the doctor-patient relationship. It is proposed that we should perhaps not talk so much about the non-compliant patient, but instead shift the focus towards the non-compliant doctor.
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  9.  63
    The Luckless and the Doomed. Contractualism on Justified Risk-Imposition.Sune Holm - 2018 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 21 (2):231-244.
    Several authors have argued that contractualism faces a dilemma when it comes to justifying risks generated by socially valuable activities. At the heart of the matter is the question of whether contractualists should adopt an ex post or an ex ante perspective when assessing whether an action or policy is justifiable to each person. In this paper I argue for the modest conclusion that ex post contractualism is a live option notwithstanding recent criticisms raised by proponents of the ex ante (...)
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  10. A Life in the Shadow: One Reason Why We Should Not Clone Humans.Søren Holm - 1998 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 7 (2):160-162.
    One of the arguments that is often put forward in the discussion of human cloning is that it is in itself wrong to create a copy of a human being.
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  11. The effect of first written language on the acquisition of English literacy.Alison Holm & Barbara Dodd - 1996 - Cognition 59 (2):119-147.
    The relationship between first and second language literacy was examined by identifying the skills and processes developed in the first language that were transferred to the second language. The performance of 40 university students from The People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, Vietnam and Australia were compared on a series of tasks that assessed phonological awareness and reading and spelling skills in English. The results indicated that the Hong Kong students (with non-alphabetic first language literacy) had limited phonological awareness compared (...)
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  12.  47
    Organism and artifact: Proper functions in Paley organisms.Sune Holm - 2013 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 44 (4b):706-713.
    In this paper I assess the explanatory powers of theories of function in the context of products that may result from synthetic biology. The aim is not to develop a new theory of functions, but to assess existing theories of function in relation to a new kind of biological and artifactual entity that might be produced in the not-too-distant future by means of synthetic biology. The paper thus investigates how to conceive of the functional nature of living systems that are (...)
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  13.  31
    Some Problems with the ‘It Has Been Decided That You Will Die and Are No Longer in Need of Your Organs Donor Rule’.Søren Holm - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (2):26-28.
    In their intriguing and closely argued paper Nielsen Busch and Mjaaland argue that the “Dead Donor Rule” (DDR) has been consistently misinterpreted and that it should properly be understood as a ru...
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  14.  84
    Disease, Dysfunction, and Synthetic Biology.Sune Holm - 2014 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 39 (4):329-345.
    Theorists analyzing the concept of disease on the basis of the notion of dysfunction consider disease to be dysfunction requiring. More specifically, dysfunction-requiring theories of disease claim that for an individual to be diseased certain biological facts about it must be the case. Disease is not wholly a matter of evaluative attitudes. In this paper, I consider the dysfunction-requiring component of Wakefield’s hybrid account of disease in light of the artifactual organisms envisioned by current research in synthetic biology. In particular, (...)
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  15.  48
    Handle with care: Assessing performance measures of medical AI for shared clinical decision‐making.Sune Holm - 2021 - Bioethics 36 (2):178-186.
    In this article I consider two pertinent questions that practitioners must consider when they deploy an algorithmic system as support in clinical shared decision‐making. The first question concerns how to interpret and assess the significance of different performance measures for clinical decision‐making. The second question concerns the professional obligations that practitioners have to communicate information about the quality of an algorithm's output to patients in light of the principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice. In the article I review the four (...)
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  16.  23
    Should People Have a Right Not to Be Subjected to AI Profiling based on Publicly Available Data? A Comment on Ploug.Sune Holm - 2023 - Philosophy and Technology 36 (2):1-5.
    Several studies have documented that when presented with data from social media platforms machine learning (ML) models can make accurate predictions about users, e.g., about whether they are likely to suffer health-related conditions such as depression, mental disorders, and risk of suicide. In a recent article, Ploug (Philos Technol 36:14, 2023) defends a right not to be subjected to AI profiling based on publicly available data. In this comment, I raise some questions in relation to Ploug’s argument that I think (...)
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  17.  53
    Authenticity, Best Interest, and Clinical Nudging.Søren Holm - 2017 - Hastings Center Report 47 (2):38-40.
    In this issue of the Hastings Center Report, Moti Gorin, Steven Joffe, Neal Dickert, and Scott Halpern offer a comprehensive defense of the use of nudging techniques in the clinical context, with the aim of promoting the best interests of patients. Their argument is built on three important claims: Nudging is ubiquitous and inescapable in clinical choice situations, and there is no neutral way of informing patients about their treatment choices; many patients do not have authentic preferences concerning their treatment (...)
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  18.  23
    A New Argument for No-Fault Compensation in Health Care: The Introduction of Artificial Intelligence Systems.Søren Holm, Catherine Stanton & Benjamin Bartlett - 2021 - Health Care Analysis 29 (3):171-188.
    Artificial intelligence systems advising healthcare professionals will be widely introduced into healthcare settings within the next 5–10 years. This paper considers how this will sit with tort/negligence based legal approaches to compensation for medical error. It argues that the introduction of AI systems will provide an additional argument pointing towards no-fault compensation as the better legal solution to compensation for medical error in modern health care systems. The paper falls into four parts. The first part rehearses the main arguments for (...)
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  19.  46
    Is synthetic biology mechanical biology?Sune Holm - 2015 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 37 (4):413-429.
    A widespread and influential characterization of synthetic biology emphasizes that synthetic biology is the application of engineering principles to living systems. Furthermore, there is a strong tendency to express the engineering approach to organisms in terms of what seems to be an ontological claim: organisms are machines. In the paper I investigate the ontological and heuristic significance of the machine analogy in synthetic biology. I argue that the use of the machine analogy and the aim of producing rationally designed organisms (...)
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  20.  56
    Let Us Assume That Gene Editing is Safe—The Role of Safety Arguments in the Gene Editing Debate.Søren Holm - 2019 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28 (1):100-111.
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  21.  71
    Like a Frog in Boiling Water: The Public, the HFEA and Sex Selection.Søren Holm - 2004 - Health Care Analysis 12 (1):27-39.
    This paper analyses the British Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority's 2002 public consultation on sex selection, a consultation that was mainly concerned with sex selection for non-medical reasons. Based on a close reading of the consultation document and questionnaire it is argued that the consultation is biased towards certain outcomes and can most plausibly be construed as an attempt not to investigate but to influence public opinion.
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  22. The Ethical Case against Stem Cell Research.Søren Holm - 2003 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 12 (4):372-383.
    The possibility of creating human embryonic stem cell lines from the inner cell mass of blastocysts has led to considerable debate about how these scientific developments should be regulated. Part of this debate has focused on the ethical analysis and part on how this analysis should influence policymaking.
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  23. Doping under medical control - conceptually possible but impossible in the world of professional sports?Søren Holm - 2007 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 1 (2):135 – 145.
    This paper considers the argument that if the ban on doping in sports was abolished it would be possible to have doping under medical control, i.e. open doping, prescribed by doctors with collection of reliable information about effects and side-effects. A game-theoretic argument is developed showing that this positive scenario is very unlikely to be instantiated given reasonable assumptions about the motivation of sportspersons and sports doctors. It is furthermore shown that the standard arguments against the current ban on doping (...)
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  24. Brain-Machine Interfaces and Personal Responsibility for Action - Maybe Not As Complicated After All.Søren Holm & Teck Chuan Voo - 2011 - Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology 4 (3).
    This comment responds to Kevin Warwick’s article on predictability and responsibility with respect to brain-machine interfaces in action. It compares conventional responsibility for device use with the potential consequences of phenomenological human-machine integration which obscures the causal chain of an act. It explores two senses of “responsibility”: 1) when it is attributed to a person, suggesting the morally important way in which the person is a causal agent, and 2) when a person is accountable and, on the basis of fairness (...)
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  25.  48
    Big Data and Health Research—The Governance Challenges in a Mixed Data Economy.Søren Holm & Thomas Ploug - 2017 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 14 (4):515-525.
    Denmark is a society that has already moved towards Big Data and a Learning Health Care System. Data from routine healthcare has been registered centrally for years, there is a nationwide tissue bank, and there are numerous other available registries about education, employment, housing, pollution, etcetera. This has allowed Danish researchers to study the link between exposures, genetics and diseases in a large population. This use of public registries for scientific research has been relatively uncontroversial and has been supported by (...)
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  26. Reflections on the ethical dilemmas involved in promoting self-management.Anne Lise Holm & Elisabeth Severinsson - 2014 - Nursing Ethics 21 (4):0969733013500806.
    Due to their understanding of self-management, healthcare team members responsible for depressed older persons can experience an ethical dilemma. Each team member contributes important knowledge and experience pertaining to the management of depression, which should be reflected in the management plan. The aim of this study was to explore healthcare team members’ reflections on the ethical dilemmas involved in promoting self-management among depressed older persons. A qualitative design was used and data were collected by means of focus group interviews. The (...)
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  27.  98
    The privacy of tutankhamen – utilising the genetic information in stored tissue Samples.Søren Holm - 2001 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 22 (5):437-449.
    Recent technical developments in genetictesting has led to a situation where the DNA inpreviously stored tissue samples can beextracted and used for genetic analysis. Thisraises the question of how to decide whether aspecific use of such samples should be allowed.Using the genetic testing of ancient DNA ingeneral, and the DNA of the pharaoh Tutankhamenin particular as examples this paper analysesthe question. It investigates whether ethicalframeworks based on proxy consent, culturalaffiliation, ownership, or the privacy rightsof the dead are appropriate and justifiable (...)
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  28.  20
    Informed Consent and the Bio-banking of Material from Children.S.∅ren Holm - 2005 - Genomics, Society and Policy 1 (1):1-11.
    This paper considers the ethical issues raised by biobanking of material from children who are not mature enough to give ethically valid consent. The first part considers consent requirements for entry of such materials in the biobank, whereas the second part looks at the issues that arise when a competent child later wants to withdraw previously sored materials, and at the issues that arise when there is informational entanglement between information about a parent and information about a child. The paper (...)
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  29.  52
    Precaution, threshold risk and public deliberation.Sune Holm - 2018 - Bioethics 33 (2):254-260.
    It has been argued that the precautionary principle is incoherent and thus useless as a guide for regulatory policy. In a recent paper in Bioethics, Wareham and Nardini propose a response to the ‘precautionary paradox’ according to which the precautionary principle's usefulness for decision making in policy and regulation contexts can be justified by appeal to a probability threshold discriminating between negligible and non‐negligible risks. It would be of great significance to debates about risk and precaution if there were a (...)
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  30.  24
    Genetic information, discrimination, philosophical pluralism and politics.Søren Holm - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (7):480-481.
    In the paper ‘Genetic information, insurance, and a pluralistic approach to justice’, Jonathan Pugh1 develops an argument from unresolved pluralism in our theories of justice, via the pluralism this occasions in relation to the specific question of the use of genetic test results in insurance underwriting, to the conclusion that the UK regulatory approach in relation to the use of GTRs in insurance is broadly correct.1 Pugh’s argument is wide-ranging and I cannot provide a complete critique of it in this (...)
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  31.  48
    Health as a Property of Engineered Living Systems.Sune Holm - 2013 - Bioethics 27 (8):419-425.
    This article considers naturalistic analyses of the concepts of health and disease in light of the possibility of constructing novel living systems. The article begins by introducing the vision of synthetic biology as the application of engineering principles to the construction of biological systems, the main analyses of the concepts of health and disease, and the standard theories of function in artefacts and organisms. The article then suggests that reflection on the possibility of artefactual organisms amounts to a challenge to (...)
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  32.  13
    Reasons, Respect, and Identity in Public Health Decision Making.Søren Holm - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (9):43-45.
    Hafez Ismaili M’hamdi argues in the article “Neutrality and Perfectionism in Public Health” that the state can legitimately implement public health policies that protect capabilities, even if these...
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  33.  53
    The phenomenological ethics of K. E. Løgstrup - a resource for health care ethics and philosophy?Søren Holm - 2001 - Nursing Philosophy 2 (1):26-33.
    This paper gives a presentation and critical assessment of the phenomenological philosophy and ethics of the Danish theologian and philosopher K. E. Løgstrup (1905–1981). It is argued that although the ethics of Løgstrup contain valuable insights, an uncritical appropriation as the main source for a health care ethics or a philosophy of caring, is problematic. Løgstrup's philosophy contains a number of internal problems, and does not adequately deal with some problems raised by work in the modern health care setting.
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  34.  32
    Gott denken. Ein Versuch über rationale Theologie.Holm Tetens - 2017 - Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 71 (1):162-165.
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  35.  9
    Gott denken: ein Versuch über rationale Theologie.Holm Tetens - 2015 - Stuttgart: Reclam.
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  36. Equipoise, standard of care, and consent: Responding to the authorisation of new COVID-19 treatments in randomised controlled trials.Soren Holm, Jonathan Lewis & Rafael Dal-Ré - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics:1-6.
    In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, large-scale research and pharmaceutical regulatory processes have proceeded at a dramatically increased pace with new and effective, evidence-based COVID-19 interventions rapidly making their way into the clinic. However, the swift generation of high-quality evidence and the efficient processing of regulatory authorisation have given rise to more specific and complex versions of well-known research ethics issues. In this paper, we identify three such issues by focusing on the authorisation of Molnupiravir, a novel antiviral medicine aimed (...)
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  37.  17
    FoodSmart City Dublin: A Framework for Sustainable Seafood.Poul Holm & Cordula Scherer - 2020 - Food Ethics 5 (1-2):1-13.
    We propose the FoodSmart City framework as a transdisciplinary avenue to promote sustainable seafood consumption. We argue that a change in human seafood consumption towards eating at lower trophic levels may be helped by discovering forgotten cultural practices and tapping into locally-sourced marine resources. We set out a framework of knowledge exchange and production between academia, businesses, and civil society to promote and assist healthy and ecologically sustainable living using digital tools and intangible cultural heritage while engaging with innovative chefs (...)
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  38.  21
    Toward a Marxist Concept of Community.Andreas Beck Holm - 2020 - SATS 21 (1):1-20.
    In this paper, it is argued that even though the concept of community does not play a significant role in Marxist theory, Marxism needs a notion of community, and the paper sets out to theorize how to make sense of this concept in a Marxist theoretical setting. The paper claims that Althusser’s philosophy, especially his elaboration of the concept of practice, may assist us in this task, and it sets out to explore what can be gained by redefining community in (...)
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  39.  17
    “We Must Learn to Love”: Some Reflections on the Kinship of Philosophical Thinking and Classical Music from an Educational Perspective.Henrik Holm - 2020 - Philosophy of Music Education Review 28 (2):186.
    Abstract:With these reflections, I will address some selected features of philosophical thinking and elucidate how they may relate to classical music. Is there a relationship between the experience gained from philosophical thinking and the experience gained from listening to classical music? If there is a kinship between the two, it may show some of the importance of incorporating classical music in music education. This article is a philosophical essay that does not try to prove a kinship between philosophical thinking and (...)
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  40.  21
    Compassion meditation increases optimism towards a transgressor.Birgit Koopmann-Holm, Jocelyn Sze, Thupten Jinpa & Jeanne L. Tsai - 2020 - Cognition and Emotion 34 (5):1028-1035.
    ABSTRACTPast research reveals important connections between meditative practices and compassion. Most studies, however, focus on the effects of one type of meditation (vs. a no-intervention control...
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  41. Informed consent in medical research : A procedure stretched beyond breaking point?Søren Holm & Søren Madsen - 2009 - In Oonagh Corrigan, The limits of consent: a socio-ethical approach to human subject research in medicine. New York: Oxford University Press.
  42.  36
    Reading Rousseau with Žižek. The Contract, the Lawmaker and the Contradictions of the Social Contract.Andreas Beck Holm - 2024 - International Journal of Žižek Studies 18 (1).
    Jean-Jacques Rousseau's main work in political philosophy, the _Social Contract_, contains two beginnings; on the one hand, it commences, quite conventionally, with a social contract between individuals, on the other hand it also states that a lawmaker needs to precede the agreement of such a contract. This curious co-existence of two beginnings in the text has usually been ignored or played down by interpreters. This article, on the other hand, presents a reading of their interplay inspired by Zizek's theory of (...)
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  43.  38
    Kierkegaard and the church.Anders Holm - 2013 - In John Lippitt & George Pattison, The Oxford Handbook of Kierkegaard. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press UK. pp. 112.
    This chapter examines Soren Kierkegaard's views and relationship with the Church, explaining that while Kierkegaard was a frequent churchgoer, he also considered the Church a corrupt and disgraceful business enterprise. It discusses Kierkegaard's criticism on the development of the Church as an institution and analyses various aspects of his ecclesiastical conception of the Church. The chapter also considers Kierkegaard's own experiences in writing and delivering sermons.
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  44. The capacities, interests, and organisation of artifactual organisms.Sune Holm - 2013 - In Ronald L. Sandler & John Basl, Designer Biology: The Ethics of Intensively Engineering Biological and Ecological Systems. Lanham: Lexington Books.
     
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  45.  31
    Access to Health Care in the Scandinavian Countries: Ethical Aspects.Sören Holm, Per-Erik Liss & Ole Frithjof Norheim - 1999 - Health Care Analysis 7 (4):321-330.
    The health care systems are fairly similar in theScandinavian countries. The exact details vary, but inall three countries the system is almost exclusivelypublicly funded through taxation, and most (or all)hospitals are also publicly owned and managed. Thecountries also have a fairly strong primary caresector (even though it varies between the countries),with family physicians to various degrees acting asgatekeepers to specialist services. In Denmark most ofthe GP services are free. For the patient in Norwayand Sweden there are out-of-pocket co-payments for GPconsultations, (...)
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  46.  20
    How Many Lay Members Can You Have in Your IRB?: An Overview of the Danish System.Søren Holm - 1992 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 14 (6):8.
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  47.  47
    Justifying patient self-management – evidence based medicine or the primacy of the first person perspective.Søren Holm - 2005 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 8 (2):159-164.
    Patient self-management programs have become increasingly popular and are now also receiving official endorsements. This paper analyses two possible types of positive justifications for promoting patient self-management: evidence-based and patient-centred justifications. It is argued that evidence-based justifications, although important politically are deficient and that the primary justification for patient self-management must be a patient-centred justification focusing on the patient’s privileged access to his or her own lived body.
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  48.  51
    (1 other version)Was ist ein naturgesetz?Holm Tetens - 1982 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 13 (1):70-83.
    Der Geschichte des Begriffs des Naturgesetzes, besonders den Umständen seiner Durchsetzung, wird der systematische Hinweis entnommen, daß die generellen Sätze der Physik methodisch primär von Apparaten gelten. Daraus ergeben sich Gesichtspunkte für eine Hierarchisierung physikalischer Sätze. Eine technik-orientierte Deutung der Physik läßt dann auch die ökologische Dimension physikalischer Forschung in einem kritischeren Licht erscheinen.
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  49.  61
    Classification and Normativity: Some Thoughts on Different Ways of Carving Up the Field of Bioethics.Søren Holm - 2011 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20 (2):165-173.
    Bioethics is, as is moral philosophy in general, a field spanning a range of different philosophical approaches, normative standpoints, methods and styles of analysis, metaphysics, and ontologies. In discussing bioethics, it is often seen as useful to introduce some kind of order on the field by categorizing individual philosophers or specific arguments into a relatively small number of categories. Such categorization or classification has several functions. It may help to show the relationship between basic assumptions and specific arguments or it (...)
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  50.  50
    Can “Giving Preference to My Patients” be Explained as a Role Related Duty in Public Health Care Systems?Søren Holm - 2011 - Health Care Analysis 19 (1):89-97.
    Most of us have two strong intuitions (or sets of intuitions) in relation to fairness in health care systems that are funded by public money, whether through taxation or compulsory insurance. The first intuition is that such a system has to treat patients (and other users) fairly, equitably, impartially, justly and without discrimination. The second intuition is that doctors, nurses and other health care professionals are allowed to, and may even in some cases be obligated to give preference to the (...)
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