La foi en un Dieu Trinité est au cœur de la théologie chrétienne, laquelle peut être définie comme la doctrine de Dieu, c'est-à-dire comme un discours, réfléchi et responsable sur Dieu. Le présent guide propose une voie médiane entre deux présentations ; celle propre aux manuels traditionnels, qui abordent de manière quasi exhaustive les questions classiques de la théologie trinitaire, et celle qui vise à situer la foi trinitaire dans un contexte actuel sans trop faire état de la tradition. Ici, (...) un moyen terme entre ces deux méthodes est tenté. Le lecteur retrouve le témoignage biblique, reconnaît ce qu'il y a d'intemporel dans les formes d'expression de l'Eglise primitive et se voit défié - au sens positif du terme - par les approches contemporaines. Reste une interrogation qui traverse l'ensemble : à quel point l'homme peut-il, dans ses pensées, ses méditations, ses prières et ses propos s'approcher de ce mystère? L'illustration au recto montre une couverture de livre en ivoire qui a été réalisée vers l'an 900. Relief et inscription renvoient à la Trinité : " Ici, l'unité de Dieu est représentée symboliquement par trois figures imagées ". Ce codex est conservé aujourd'hui à la Haye. (shrink)

The combination of Fuzzy Logics and Description Logics has been investigated for at least two decades because such fuzzy DLs can be used to formalize imprecise concepts. In particular, tableau algorithms for crisp Description Logics have been extended to reason also with their fuzzy counterparts. It has turned out, however, that in the presence of general concept inclusion axioms this extension is less straightforward than thought. In fact, a number of tableau algorithms claimed to deal correctly with fuzzy DLs with (...) GCIs have recently been shown to be incorrect. In this paper, we concentrate on fuzzy \, the fuzzy extension of the well-known DL \. We present a terminating, sound, and complete tableau algorithm for fuzzy \ with arbitrary continuous t-norms. Unfortunately, in the presence of GCIs, this algorithm does not yield a decision procedure for consistency of fuzzy \ ontologies since it uses as a sub-procedure a solvability test for a finitely represented, but possibly infinite, system of inequations over the real interval [0,1], which are built using the t-norm. In general, it is not clear whether this solvability problem is decidable for such infinite systems of inequations. This may depend on the specific t-norm used. In fact, we also show in this paper that consistency of fuzzy \ ontologies with GCIs is undecidable for the product t-norm. This implies, of course, that for the infinite systems of inequations produced by the tableau algorithm for fuzzy \ with product t-norm, solvability is in general undecidable. We also give a brief overview of recently obtained decidability results for fuzzy \ w.r.t. other t-norms. (shrink)

The cost-effectiveness of 24-hour care makes it a major source of support for elderly people in need of home-based care in Austria. Language barriers, feelings of isolation when living with chronically ill people and a lack of adequate training and quality control create stressful working conditions for 24-hour caregivers in Austria, who mainly come from Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. The challenges not only affect the 24-hour caregivers themselves but also their clients, relatives and registered care agency nurses in care settings. (...) The aim of the qualitative study was to assess user needs in order to develop an app to improve working conditions and quality assurance in 24-hour home-care. The study consisted of guided interviews, focus group and cultural probes and 45 interviewees. The collected data were analyzed using Kuckartz’s method of content structuring qualitative content analysis. The main results show that 24-hour caregivers predominantly require information about common geriatric diseases and the law on 24-hour care. Additionally, medical emergencies can cause insecurities, which creates high interest in professional emergency management skills. Clients and relatives are especially interested in 24-hour caregivers having better German language skills. Care agencies and registered nurses would particularly welcome electronic care documentation to ensure traceability of the activities and measures taken. The study points to the need for a digital tool that would meet demand for an appropriate assistance system for 24-hour home-care that complies with the AAL requirements of the aligned project. Therefore, the intended software solution meets challenges in 24-hour home-care for 24-hour caregivers, persons in need of care, their relatives and professionals involved in the 24-hour care setting. (shrink)

The first introductory textbook on description logics, relevant to computer science, knowledge representation and the semantic web.

Unification in description logics has been proposed as a novel inference service that can, for example, be used to detect redundancies in ontologies. The inexpressive description logic EL is of particular interest in this context since, on the one hand, several large biomedical ontologies are defined using EL. On the other hand, unification in EL has been shown to be NP-complete and, thus, of considerably lower complexity than unification in other description logics of similarly restricted expressive power. However, EL allows (...) the use of the top concept, which represents the whole interpretation domain, whereas the large medical ontology SNOMED CT makes no use of this feature. Surprisingly, removing the top concept from EL makes the unification problem considerably harder. More precisely, we will show that unification in EL without the top concept is PSPACE-complete. In addition to the decision problem, we also consider the problem of actually computing EL−⊤-unifiers. (shrink)

Deontic logic, as traditionally conceived, provides only a deductive theory that constrains the states or possible worlds within which an agent should try to remain.

Hegels "Wissenschaft der Logik" stellt das Logische als selbstbezugliche, sich individuierende Form dar, in Bezug auf die sich die Frage nach einem Individuationsprinzip erubrigt. In seinem Opus magnum schliesst der Wiener Philosoph Franz Ungler die Hegel'sche Logik von dieser Einsicht her auf. Zugleich wird in einer intensiven Lekture der "Begriffslogik" gezeigt, dass im Hegel'schen Begriff des Begriffs die fundamentalphilosophischen Errungenschaften der Ontologie und der Transzendentalphilosophie eingeholt sind. Ungler gelingt auf diese Weise eine exemplarische Verlebendigung Hegel'schen Philosophierens.

[This version of the paper has been superseded by "Reason-based choice and context-dependence: An explanatory framework", forthcoming in Economics & Philosophy.] -/- We introduce a “reason-based” way of rationalizing an agent’s choice behaviour, which explains choices by specifying which properties of the options or choice context the agent cares about (the “motivationally salient properties”) and how he or she cares about these properties (the “fundamental preference relation”). Reason-based rationalizations can explain non-classical choice behaviour, including boundedly rational and sophisticated rational behaviour, (...) and predict choices in unobserved contexts, an issue neglected in standard choice theory. We characterize the behavioural implications of different reason-based models and distinguish two kinds of context-dependent motivation: “context-variant” motivation, where the agent cares about different properties in different contexts, and “context-regarding” motivation, where the agent cares not only about properties of the options, but also about properties relating to the context. (shrink)

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Fermenta cognitionis, Heft 1." verfügbar.

In seinem grossen Spätwerk »Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie« rekonstruiert Jürgen Habermas den Diskurs über Glauben und Wissen, aus dem nicht zuletzt die säkulare Welt resultiert. Ob und wie dieser Diskurs weitergehen kann, um die Moderne vor Entgleisungen zu bewahren, ist allerdings fraglich. Der Band setzt sich aus theologischer Perspektive kritisch und nach vorne gerichtet mit dem Werk auseinander. In einem eigenen Text antwortet Jürgen Habermas auf die Beiträge.

Si hoy es tan necesario hablar sobre la capacidad humana de asegurar la convivencia entre nosotros, eso ocurre porque vivimos un período de permanente deterioro de esta convivencia. Nos podemos quejar de eso o podemos estar indiferentes a eso, de todas maneras tenemos que reflexionar este hecho. En este sentido, el presente trabajo hace una reflexión sobre la ética de la convivencia y su importancia en nuestra sociedad, en una era donde lo indispensable es inútil debido a la racionalidad que (...) impone el modelo de la globalización neoliberal. (shrink)

There is no question of an alternative between social ethics and "political theology"; we need both a prophetic, eschatological theology and a dynamic, imaginative social doctrine.