ABSTRACT This article aims to reflect upon the presence of the language acquisition theme in the works of Ferdinand de Saussure, Mikhail Bakhtin and Émile Benveniste, in order to, based on such reflection, describe how this presence gave rise to work perspectives around the theme in research panorama in Brazil. Three major perspectives for studying language acquisition in the country are highlighted: based on Saussurean assumptions, there are the social interactionist studies; in the Bakhtinian perspective, the dialogic-discursive approach; from the (...) Benveniste perspective, the enunciative acquisitional perspective. The reflection presents a summary table with the configuration of each perspective derived from its affiliation with the authors in question. (shrink)

Empirical research in bioethics has developed rapidly over the past decade, but has largely eschewed the use of technology-driven methodologies. We propose “design bioethics” as an area of conjoined theoretical and methodological innovation in the field, working across bioethics, health sciences and human-centred technological design. We demonstrate the potential of digital tools, particularly purpose-built digital games, to align with theoretical frameworks in bioethics for empirical research, integrating context, narrative and embodiment in moral decision-making. Purpose-built digital tools can engender situated engagement (...) with bioethical questions; can achieve such engagement at scale; and can access groups traditionally under-represented in bioethics research and theory. If developed and used with appropriate rigor, tools motivated by “design bioethics” could offer unique insights into new and familiar normative and empirical issues in the field. (shrink)

El presente artículo es una reflexión profunda sobre los principales fundamentos del Derecho penal. En concreto, se ocupa de esclarecer los criterios de verdad sobre los que se apoyan las decisiones de los jueces. Ello supone cuestionar las bases filosóficas y científicas más rígidas del mundo jurídico, que postulan su carácter objetivo, y exponerlas a la crítica sociológica y política.The present article is a deep reflection on the principal foundations of the Criminal law. Specially, it is busy with clarifying the (...) criteria of truth on those who rest the decisions of the judges. It supposes questioning the most rigid philosophical and scientific bases of the juridical world, which postulate his objective character, and exposing them to the sociological and political critique. (shrink)

La historia de la literatura fantástica argentina, entre 1850 a 1950, por lo general, reconoce únicamente a dos autoras: Juana Manuela Gorriti y Silvina Ocampo. El largo vacío temporal que hay entre ambas da la impresión de que lo fantástico no fue frecuentado por la escritura femenina. Estudios recientes han contribuido a llenar ese vacío, señalando a Eduarda Mansilla y Raimunda Torres y Quiroga como asiduas colaboradoras en revistas y diarios decimonónicos, donde continuaron el camino trazado por Gorriti; sin embargo, (...) aún hay un periodo de alrededor de cinco décadas en el que, en apariencia, las autoras no se dedicaron a escribir relatos fantásticos. Esta “zona desierta”, que se verifica en antologías y estudios del género, resulta llamativa, pues contradice lo que ocurría en ese territorio: en ese lapso, Darío (radicado en Buenos Aires en la década de 1890), Lugones, Holmberg y Quiroga publicaron obras que llevaron a la canonización del relato fantástico. Si bien es cierto que las autoras no alcanzaron el reconocimiento que los escritores mencionados, sí incursionaron en la literatura fantástica, pero sus textos permanecieron, en su mayoría, en las páginas de publicaciones periódicas. El presente trabajo es una modesta contribución en la difícil tarea de mostrar la participación de las narradoras en la literatura fantástica argentina de principios del siglo pasado. Para este propósito, se analizan, desde la perspectiva de la ginocrítica, cinco cuentos prácticamente desconocidos de María del Carmen Alonso, Olga de Adeler, Lola S. B. de Bourguet, Alfonsina Storni y Emma Felce. (shrink)

Esse artigo propõe uma reflexão ontológica não-essencialista e não-naturalista acerca do humano, a partir de alguns conceitos próprios a hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer, que sirva de fundamentação para o desenvolvimento de uma filosofia da educação hermenêutica que, por sua vez, avança preocupada com o papel da filosofia nas escolas. Enquanto parte de um trabalho maior, que vem sendo desenvolvido enquanto tese de doutorado, o objetivo desse texto é apresentar, de um modo geral e introdutório, os principais argumentos que sustentam a (...) proposta de uma educação filosófica e hermenêutica, a qual se insere no processo de formação existencial dos educandos. (shrink)

Although a great deal has been written on Plato's ethics, his cosmology has not received so much attention in recent times and its importance for his ethical thought has remained underexplored. By offering accounts of Timaeus, Philebus, Politicus and Laws X, the book reveals a strongly symbiotic relation between the cosmic and human sphere. It is argued that in his late period Plato presents a picture of an organic universe, endowed with structure and intrinsic value, which both urges our respect (...) and calls for our responsible intervention. Humans are thus seen as citizens of a university that can provide a context for their flourishing even in the absence of good political institutions. The book sheds light on many intricate metaphysical issues in late Plato and brings out the close connections between his cosmology and the development of his ethics. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the role of some peculiar elements of Aristotle's dialectical development —namely, those emerging in the Sophistical Refutations (SE)— in the analysis and discussion of the Eleatic thesis in Physics I, 2-3. The paper adresses some of Aristotle's preliminary thoughts (Phys. I, 2) (which are read as methodological considerations), and some remarks against Melissus' argument (Phys. I, 3), in order to find connections between such claims and passages of SE, as well as the (...) Topics. -/- . (shrink)

Worldwide interest in understanding art and creative practices as valid forms of knowledge production has led to the establishment of research-creation as an interdisciplinary academic field in the last twenty years in Canada as elsewhere. Its establishment relates to a growing interest in critical making and technological innovation and to the legacies of feminism(s) and its critique of the power dynamics of knowledge production within academia. This article outlines a series of interactive projects that bring visibility to Latin American women (...) in art, science and technology and speculates on the legacies of feminism(s) in the emergence of research-creation. The four projects discussed build on each other and explore re-mediation, re-activation and re-enactment as part of a collaborative feminist research-creation methodology. I theorize their potential to activate political memory by highlighting how these three approaches to creation share a preoccupation for revisiting the past through repetition, iteration and the facilitation of intergenerational encounters among humans, non-humans and across media and technologies. While discussing the feminist orientation of these approaches, I suggest a critique of dominant modes of knowledge production that have obscured the contributions of Latin American women and offer four research-creation interventions in the media arts archive. (shrink)

El artículo propone poner a prueba la idea comúnmente admitida de que en la concepción aristotélica las emociones tienen una función o fin en el ámbito biológico. Me propongo probar que esta concepción sería más propia de otras posturas, como la tomista y la cartesiana, y especialmente de la darwiniana y neo-darwiniana. Tras presentar en la sección 2 el tipo de explicaciones teleológicas que Aristóteles admite y emplea en biología, analizo en la parte 3 la concepción de las emociones de (...) Descartes y en especial de Darwin y muestro que ellas se adaptan bien al modelo explicativo teleológico aristotélico. En la sección 4, ofrezco varios argumentos con apoyo en los textos biológicos de Aristóteles para mostrar que, en cambio, este tipo de explicaciones teleológicas de las emociones no aparecen con claridad en los escritos biológicos del estagirita, toda vez que lo que encontramos allí es, más bien, explicaciones fisiológico materialistas del carácter de los animales. Por último, sugiero una asimetría con el tratamiento de las emociones desde el punto de vista de la racionalidad práctica que desarrollaré en trabajos ulteriores. (shrink)

Im dargestellten Aritkel wurde das Motiv der Nacht in der Poesie von Leopold Staff besprochen. Hier wurde die Analyse dieser Tageszeit und ihrer Requisiten eingeführt. Der Artikel präsentierst auch die Reichtum der mit der Nacht verbunden Motive und die Anwesenheit des Themas in der Kultur und der Literatur in verschiedenen Epochen. Die besondere Acht wurde auf die Koexistenz der Problematik der Nacht mit den christlichen Motiven der Liebe, des Todes und der Leidenschaft gerichtet. Man kann hier die Beispiele der Analogie (...) zwischen den Methoden der Realisierung von diesem Thema in der Bildung von Leopold Staff und den anderen finden. Im Artikel wurde die Bedeutung der Problematik der Nacht sygnalisiert, die mit der Natur verbundene Überlegungen mit wichtigen für das polnische Volk historischen Ereignissen und das Suchen des wichtigen “Ich” des Menschen enthalten. Es wurde auch die Affirmation des Autors und Aktualität der besprochenen Probleme betont (ohne Unterschied der Zeit und geographischer Lage). (shrink)

Informed consent is recognized as a primary ethical requirement to conduct research involving humans. In the investigations with the use of human biological material, informed consent (IC) assumes a differentiated condition on account of the many future possibilities. This work presents suitable alternatives for IC regarding the storage and use of human biological material in research, according to new Brazilian regulations. Both norms – Resolution 441/11 of the National Health Council, approved on 12 May 2011, and Ordinance 2.201 (NATIONAL GUIDELINES (...) FOR BIOREPOSITORIES AND BIOBANKS OF HUMAN BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL FOR RESEARCH PURPOSE) of the Brazil Ministry of Health, approved on 14 September 2011 – state that the consent of subjects for the collection, storage and use of samples stored in Biobanks is necessarily established by means of a Free and Informed Consent Form (ICF). In order to obtain individual and formal statements, this form should contain the following two mutually exclusive options: an explanation about the use of the stored material in each research study, and the need for new consent or the waiver thereof when the material is used for a new study. On the other hand, ICF suitable for Biorepositories must be exclusive and related to specific research. Although Brazilian and international regulations identify the main aspects to be included in the IC, efforts are still necessary to improve the consent process, so that the document will become a bond of trust between subject and researcher. (shrink)

Economic activities are always supposed to carry with them the risk of market. Our area of research is concerned with what is known as the model of risk decisions at the level of economic activity; a model that can be valuable at any point of economic development. In our research, we present important aspects of risk in taking decisions in the previous and current dynamics of the market. The conditions of taking decisions with potential risks provide decision-makers with the possibility (...) to analyze and calculate risk in order to know what can be gained and lost. In our paper, we present a short description of a different model of risk in economic activity and of decision-making risk, providing examples that have been offered by various authors. For example, Friedman and Savage present the utility function of an economic agent and its availability to accept the risk, while Markowitz defines utility in terms of winning or losing. Our paper starts with a presentation of the quantification of risk in economic activity. In the second part, we present a model of decision-making risk that is applied in economic activities and the difference between risk and uncertainty. (shrink)

This research aimed to examine the agreement between body mass index -based nutritional status and perceived nutritional status overall and by socio-demographic factors and to state the association between the accuracy of weight perception and weight control practices in the Chilean adult population. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 5,192 Chilean adult participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017. Agreement between BMI-based weight status and body weight perception for the total sample and across subgroups was determined using (...) the weighted kappa coefficient. The agreement between BMI-based and perceived nutritional status of the total sample was fair. A higher rate of weight perception accuracy was identified in women, younger respondents, and participants with higher education, a higher income, and from urban areas than their counterparts. Respondents with overweight or obesity tended to underestimate their nutritional status. Actions to lose weight were higher in those who had the right perception of their overweight/obesity condition and those who overestimated their body weight, regardless of their nutritional status. In all groups, weight loss behaviors were more related to the perceived than the BMI-based nutritional status. The consequences of accurate perception of the nutritional status are discussed including its effects on body weight and mental health. (shrink)

Throughout history, the world has been concerned with progress in different areas, and Medicine has not been the exception. Nevertheless, has this progress been positive in the sense of entailing benefits? The question emerges considering that through this progress, human beings have been able to modify natural processes. Considering this, the research question is: What is the role that medicine—a human and scientific discipline—must play, and which is the concept of what a human being must have in a world where (...) utilitarianism prevails over non-material benefits? Also, what are the implications of that role and concept on the decision-making about health, notions about humanity and, areas which require responsibility? The rise of artificial procedures which generate life, simultaneously defying time leads to the main objective of this paper: To present ideas on the current perception about the medical practice; in terms of responsibility about the human side of the patient, related to artificial practices. A second objective is to approach a social topic that motivates to reflect on new and recurring practices in the medical field. This topic will be studied from a hermeneutical perspective to establish relations and an interpretative approach between them, through Thiebaut’s work and Tría’s Philosophy of the Limit, considering the concept of human being and considering that there are limits which should be respected. Afterwards, the focus will be on the medical praxis and its sense of responsibility regarding human beings. (shrink)

This work is the first monograph devoted to the interpretation of Aristotle’s theory of chance in Physics II 4-6 and its implications and projections in other treatises, including an original and comprehensive account of the Aristotelian conception of chance, of accidental causality in the realm of nature, and of accidental causality in the realm of human action. One of the main interpretative issues around Aristotle’s discussion of chance is its relation to the four causes and to teleology. In this sense, (...) it is particularly difficult to find the common features which fortune (tyche) and spontaneity (automaton) share. This work, offers such an interpretation of Aristotle’s general concept of chance (i.e. common to fortune and spontaneity), which shows clearly its relation with his theory of causality (Phys. II 3), with teleology, and with the application of this theory to the study of nature. It also shows how fortune and spontaneity can be interpreted consistently with this general characterization of chance, and how the specific differences between them can be accounted for paying attention to the different structures of causality in the realm of nature and in the realm of human action. Regarding the specific concept of spontaneity (automaton), a crux interpretum, the book offers one of the few independent discussions this issue in Aristotelian literature, and proposes a sub-classification in two kinds of spontaneity based on an analysis of Aristotle’s different examples and characterizations: ‘mixed spontaneity’ (which shares some features with fortune), and ‘pure spontaneity’ (which takes place strictly in the realm of nature). These different structures had not been recognized in specialized literature before. The problem of chance has projections into Aristotle’s natural philosophy, as well as into Aristotle’s theory of action and practical philosophy. This ample perspective of Aristotle’s work, and of the different explanatory models and ontological structures therein involved, constitutes an interesting groundwork for future developments in some or many of these realms of investigation. (shrink)

Abstract:In this article, we present a pragmatic approach to neuroethics, referring back to John Dewey and his articulation of the “common good” and its discovery through systematic methods. Pragmatic neuroethics bridges philosophy and social sciences and, at a very basic level, considers that ethics is not dissociable from lived experiences and everyday moral choices. We reflect on the integration between empirical methods and normative questions, using as our platform recent bioethical and neuropsychological research into moral cognition, action, and experience. Finally, (...) we present the protocol of a study concerning teenagers’ morality in everyday life, discussing our epistemological choices as an example of a pragmatic approach in empirical ethics. We hope that this article conveys that even though the scope of neuroethics is broad, it is important not to move too far from the real life encounters that give rise to moral questions in the first place. (shrink)

Fortuna y Providencia son las fuerzas dinámicas para crear el cambio social. Estas fuerzas constituyen el leit motiv del quehacer humano, y una pretensión pedagógica de educar al hombre para alcanzar la felicidad.Fortune and Providence are the dynamic forces of social change. Those forces constitute humans chore leit motiv, and a pedagogical intention of educating the man, in order to attain happiness.

How have contemporary media artworks been proposing hybrid experiences, discussing the ontological implications from the experimentation with emerging techniques that alter our way of being-in-the-world? These experiences dialectically articulate aesthetic relations between real and virtual, visible and invisible, human and technological. In this article, we develop a participant observation of two specific works: Generation 244 (2011), by Scott Draves, and Zee (2008), by Kurt Hentschläger. This observation establishes a dialogue with phenomenology as it considers experience and perception as needed prerequisites (...) for the analysis, as proposed by Merleau-Ponty. In this scenario, we have observed that a whole way of partitioning the sensible resets itself and points in the direction of a trans-immanence, generating an integrated knowledge that not only relies on reason, but in a collective wisdom where we can find, according to Didi-Huberman, a ‘light of survival’. (shrink)

Es necesario fundamentar teóricamente la inclusión de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en los currículos de las facultades de odontología, con el fin de impulsar comportamientos y acciones acordes con el derecho a los cuidados en salud seguros y de calidad. La presente es una investigación de revisión narrativa de la literatura científica, fundamentada en la bioética latinoamericana y los derechos humanos de los pacientes. Las interpretaciones se basan en el análisis del contenido de artículos y presentadas de acuerdo (...) con la legislación sobre derechos humanos de los pacientes y el currículo en odontología. La cultura de seguridad es una intervención para propiciar vivencias que consoliden valores y conocimientos, asimismo, requiere estrategias que centren su adopción entre todos los actores, partiendo de la relación estudiante-paciente-docente. (shrink)

In a situation of advance and consolidation of the ultra-right in Latin America, in which security claims and government interventions in the name of the “combat against insecurity” have been one of its most dynamic vectors, this work is aimed at exploring the contours of another approach to the question of crimes and punishments. During the seventies, in the heat of dictatorships and exiles, a critical, combative, partisan criminological model was forged in Argentina. This other model is tributary of a (...) strategic assembly between the “Foucault effect” in Argentina and Latin American critical criminology. Specifically, the traces of this process are covered through three strong ideas: 1) the “Foucault effect” in Argentina and critical criminology are the ties of a certain critical attitude; 2) that history is realized in a topological structure: it unfolds in the ups and downs experienced by intellectuals here in the dictatorship and there in forced exile; 3) these imports, readings and uses of Foucault overflow and dislocate Foucauldian analysis itself. (shrink)

En este trabajo examino el memoir Ilegal: Reflexiones de un inmigrante indocumentado (2019), de José Ángel Navejas. A raíz de una lectura de este texto, exploro las formas en que el narrador describe cómo los inmigrantes mexicanos indocumentados crean espacios de alianza y pertenencia en Estados Unidos. Para eso, parto del concepto de ‘ciudadanía casera’ de Mitchell (2020), quien apunta a que el ‘pertenecer’ no depende de la inclusión cívica o el reconocimiento estatal, sino que es una noción que se (...) construye por medio de las prácticas comunitarias informales. Por ende, sugiero que en Ilegal son espacios de ‘ciudadanía casera’ para el narrador: 1) el lenguaje y el acceso a la educación formal; 2) el barrio de Pilsen, en Chicago; y 3) la red familiar, ya que por medio de esas esferas el narrador encuentra un sentido de pertenencia. Palabras clave: literatura mexicana, ensayo personal, memoir, ciudadanía casera, ciudadanía cultural. (shrink)

En este trabajo se intenta analizar la posibilidad de la filosofía en el contexto actual de nuestras sociedades latinoamericanas, en especial, la argentina, y la posibilidad de acción que una labor como la filosófica puede realizar. Al mismo tiempo, y como condición de posibilidad de lo mismo, partimos de la convicción de que la filosofía no es una actividad meramente contemplativa, que sólo puede llevarse a cabo en una tarea puramente individual y aislada, como la investigación; sino que uno de (...) los espacios privilegiados para el pensamiento se presenta en las aulas y en la enseñanza en general. (shrink)

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar el vínculo paradójico entre justicia y derecho en la filosofía derrideana. El énfasis de la separación entre justicia y derecho presenta el riesgo de un hiato. La justicia quedaría así confinada a una pura exterioridad, sin contacto con lo jurídico e incurriendo en un idealismo. Intentaremos ofrecer un modo de articulación a través de la figura del espectro.

Este trabajo se propone leer la obra autobiográfica de Rousseau como el resultado de un litigio que opone al escritor y al público. Ambos se disputan la identidad del autor. Veremos que el proyecto autobiográfico nace como una reivindicación de la soberanía de autor sobre el texto pero culmina instituyendo la soberanía del lector. En el transcurso de la obra autobiográfica de Rousseau el autor deviene un efecto de la lectura. This paper aims to read the autobiographical work of Rousseau (...) as the outcome of a dispute between the writer and the public. Both parts dispute the author's identity. We will see that the autobiographical project starts as the claim of sovereignty of the work by the author, but culminates by establishing the sovereignty of the reader. In the autobiographical writings, the author is an effect of the reading. (shrink)

Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) foi um professor e pesquisador que contribuiu para o campo da ecologia da vida selvagem, destacando-se no ambientalismo norte-americano do século XX. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sob uma perspectiva filosófica a conservação da biodiversidade adotada por Aldo Leopold a partir de análise de trechos da sua última obra A sand county almanac and sketches here and there (1949). O livro, elaborado em seus anos de experiência na fazenda da família, apresenta uma série de ensaios com (...) uma abordagem ecológica da relação do ser humano com a natureza. As duas primeiras partes contêm ensaios resultantes da leitura da paisagem, adotando a perspectiva de elementos bióticos e abióticos do ambiente, assim como, ponderações resultantes de sua experiência profissional. A terceira parte da obra traz reflexões de caráter filosófico a respeito da estética da conservação e ética da Terra promovendo uma reinterpretação da identidade humana e do relacionamento com a terra. (shrink)

Catherine Malabou writes the clitoris from what she would call ‘clitoral thinking’ in work, in progress, in Philosophy and anarchism; and she does so through a link between ‘genre theory’ or American critical theory in their cultural studies and the thought of being (Heidegger) revisited by Deconstruction. From this connection, the difference emerges in a contemporary philosophy that knew how to see the space of a plurality of possible identities towards that will be privileged in the present text as distance. (...) Distance which, in turn, appears as the most updated effect of decentralized and disidentifying political thought as a positioning of the concept of ‘ontological difference’, possible only through the thought of sexual and gender difference. The ‘feminine’ will be approached as a form of thought, and from a distance that the clitoris establishes with the conceptual and political determinations introduced by Western metaphysics. A second link will be more difficult to undo, that between femininity and the woman’s body, even if Malabou searches the distance between them for a political-philosophical place of balance between the extreme difficulty and the extreme urgency of saying the feminine today. (shrink)

The article presents the aspects related to the learning of the psychological clinic and its evaluation. Authors who, based on different theoretical foundations, agree that the learning of the clinic does not obey teaching and evaluation strategies similar to those applied for other theoretical contents are presented in the text.

El propósito de este ensayo es señalar, revisar y comentar algunas estrategias intertextuales presentes en los artefactos poéticos de la Antigüedad Tardía. Específicamente, examinaremos dos pasajes de los poemas de Draconcio, donde la relación de copresencia entre los textos está ligada a ciertas anomalías en la cadencia métrica de los versos. Intentaremos probar cómo, a veces, la relegatio de variantes textuales al aparato crítico ha impedido percibir procedimientos poéticos fónica y semánticamente relevantes.

Posiblemente el turismo es una de las pocas actividades humanas que encierra la ambivalencia de ser a la vez, negocio y ocio. Habitualmente, es analizado en la primera perspectiva como sector productivo y en pocas ocasiones se hace referencia a este concepto desde el punto de vista del ocio. Menos aun, se ahonda en la idea de que por ser una actividad de ocio tiene una dimensión educativa. Por ello, y desde esa reflexión pedagógica, se plantea este artículo, como una (...) aproximación conceptual a la experiencia educativa para el turista, para el profesional anfitrión y para la comunidad de recepción que encierra una modalidad concreta del turismo, la cultural. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como foco uma análise do texto “A mulher e a arte” (sem data), da escritora carioca Júlia Lopes de Almeida (1862-1934). Este escrito, recém-publicado na íntegra pela primeira vez, em revista acadêmica, constitui uma conferência da autora na qual ela expõe suas opiniões sobre o tema da arte de autoria feminina, tecendo uma série de críticas de cunho feminista à desigualdade entre os gêneros no espaço da criação artística. Em seu texto, a literata cita diversos nomes de (...) artistas e intelectuais mulheres, de modo a sustentar seu argumento em defesa da potência criativa feminina e assinalar a importância da transformação da cultura patriarcal. Assim, a partir do olhar historiográfico e embasados pela epistemologia feminista, buscamos ressaltar a conferência como fundamental para o estudo da escrita de autoria feminina e feminista no Brasil entre os séculos XIX e XX.Palavras-chave: Júlia Lopes de Almeida. Literatura. Feminismo. AbstractThis article focuses on an analysis of the text “The woman and the art” (undated), by the writer Júlia Lopes de Almeida (1862-1934), from Rio de Janeiro. This writing, recently published in full for the first time, constitutes a conference in which the author exposes her opinions on the theme of art of female authorship, weaving a series of feminist criticisms of the inequality between genders in the space of artistic creation. In her text, Júlia lists several names of artists and women intellectuals, in order to support her argument in defense of the feminine creative power and point out the importance of the transformation of patriarchal culture. Thus, from the historiographic perspective and based on feminist epistemology, we seek to emphasize the conference as fundamental for the study of female and feminist writing feminists in Brazil between the 19th and 20th centuries.Keywords: Júlia Lopes de Almeida. Literature. Feminism. (shrink)

Este trabalho constata a necessidade de uma formação de professores emancipada do sistema capitalista e discute a possibilidade de o movimento estudantil proporcionar uma formação política aos estudantes e futuros profissionais. A formação de professoras e professores é cada vez mais influenciada pelas determinações dos organismos internacionais, e mais difícil fica organizar a resistência ao capitalismo. As atividades das entidades do movimento estudantil, seu histórico de ação e questionamentos das condições do ensino e da sociedade brasileira podem permitir uma formação (...) contra-hegemônica. (shrink)

In this paper I re-examine the status of the mind-body relation in several of Plato’s late dialogues. A range of views has been attributed to Plato here. For example, it has been thought that Plato is a substance dualist, for whom the mind can exist independently of the body; or an attribute dualist, who has left behind the strong dualistic commitments of the Phaedo by allowing that the mind may be the subject of spatial movements. But even in cases where (...) a classification of Plato as a holder of a particular ontology of the mind has been left undefined, it has been a shared assumption that in the late dialogues the mind itself must be immaterial. I take issue with these various views and show that none of them is necessitated by the text. In the first place, I argue there is strong evidence against the view that Plato should, in his late period, be committed not only to substance dualism, but also to attribute dualism. Furthermore, it is possible that Plato may have allowed that the mind itself be a three-dimensional corporeal entity (in a way that sets up a precedent for later Stoic developments). But even if this is not the only possible reading of the text, it is shown how at any rate the mind must be seen in late Plato as the principle of organization of a body and ontologically inseparable from it. Despite prima facie affinities with Aristotle here, we shall see a Plato emerge for whom the mind (without exception) and the body cannot exist without one another – a thesis more radical than that of Aristotle’s. To bring out the provocative nature of this suggestion, I start, in section I, by laying out the state of the question and compare what I shall argue is the late Platonic view with standard interpretations of his previous work, stressing the historical force that I expect this thesis to have. Afterwards, in three respective sections, I proceed to pay heed to relevant passages in the Timaeus, Philebus and Laws in order to establish the main point of this paper. Finally, in section V, I consider the challenge apparently introduced against my thesis by Plato’s occasional talk of immortality and eschatology in those dialogues, and argue instead that many of those passages add further strength to the view defended in this essay. (shrink)

This paper re-evaluates the role that Plato confers to pleasure in the "Philebus." According to leading interpretations, Plato there downplays the role of pleasure, or indeed rejects hedonism altogether. Thus, scholars such as D. Frede have taken the "mixed life" of pleasure and intelligence initially submitted in the "Philebus" to be conceded by Socrates only as a remedial good, second to a life of neutral condition, where one would experience no pleasure and pain. Even more strongly, scholars such as Irwin (...) have seen the "Philebus'" arguments against false pleasures as an actual attack on hedonism, showing -- in Irwin's words -- "why maximization of pleasure cannot be a reasonable policy for the best life." Against these claims, I argue that the mixed life of pleasure and intelligence is presented in the "Philebus" as a first best and not just as a second best for humans, and that, accordingly, Socrates proposes to incorporate -- rather than reject -- pleasure as one of the intrinsically desirable aspects of the happy life. Thus, I offer alternative readings of controversial passages that have given rise to the prevalent interpretation criticized here, and advance positive evidence that at least some pleasures are seen by Plato as inherently good. In addition, I demonstrate that Plato's arguments against false pleasures do not by themselves constitute an attack on hedonism. Rather, they can be seen as a strategy to show the hedonist that, in order to be a maximal, or even a consistent, hedonist, he should go for true, and not fake pleasures, if after all pleasure is the object of his pursuit. But, since this cannot be achieved without intelligence, then the mixed life of pleasure and intelligence is to be accepted even by hedonist themselves. (shrink)

Doing research in a globalized context – regardless of the discipline – requires language decisions at different stages of the research process. Many of these language decisions have ethical implications. Existing literature and ethical guidance tend to focus on ethical concerns that arise in communication with participants who use a language different from the main research language. As this article shows, language decisions with potential ethical implications can occur in many additional ways. Two questions guided this work: how do language (...) decisions and research ethics intersect at different stages of the research process, and what potential harm is related to language decisions and how can such concerns be mitigated? Relevant literature – combined with practical research experiences – show that language decisions can potentially result in harm at the conception stage of research projects, when working with participants, during data analysis, interpretation, and dissemination, as well as when managing a research project. Thus, the article highlights that the role of language-related ethical dilemmas is not only organizational (e.g., ensuring participants can understand what the research is about), but also social (e.g., developing trust and relationships in research teams) as well as ideological (e.g., awareness of power structures and diverse worldviews). In order to support researchers in globalized contexts, this article offers a reflective framework that complements regulatory guidance issued by ethical bodies and facilitates a deeper awareness of ethical implications related to language decisions in a multilingual world. (shrink)

This article begins by examining the importance that critical intercultural dialogues have within the Modernity/Coloniality Research Program toward reaching an alternative geopolitics and body-politics of knowledge, in order to raise the question whether the colonial difference creates conditions for dialogical situations that bring together critiques of coloniality emerging from different experiences of coloniality. The answer it offers is twofold. On the one hand, if one imagines such situations to be communicative exchanges à la Bakhtin that put logos at the center, (...) given what is termed the coloniality of language and speech, the possibility of such exchanges is feasible only as an abstract gesture. On the other hand, when one faces the complications of the erasure of dialogue produced by coloniality, the kind of decolonial communicative relations that seem possible among people thinking and acting from the colonial difference are less conscious or agential than emotive. By articulating the relations between coalitional methodologies and a global sense of connection the article proposes a nondialogical theory of decolonial communication: a way of orienting ourselves with a sense of permeability and recognition of being on the same side that doesn't need to be politically motivated but is always active. (shrink)