Results for 'Hierarchical complexity'

965 found
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  1.  91
    Applying hierarchical complexity to political development.Sara Nora Ross & Michael Lamport Commons - 2008 - World Futures 64 (5-7):480 – 497.
    Hierarchical complexity's unidimensional measurement can help rectify policy confusion and debates about democratization and terrorism reduction. Stages of political development examined using the method yield task analyses demonstrating why stages cannot be skipped or rushed. Composites of stages and societies' transitions implicate policy change for anti-corruption and nation-building. New indexes for the political domain should be developed using hierarchical complexity to account for and measure a multitude of political tasks regardless of content or context. Measurement offers (...)
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  2. The hierarchical complexity view of evolution and history.Michael Lamport Commons & Sara Nora Ross - 2008 - World Futures 64 (5-7):399 – 405.
    Evolution means different things at different stages of development. Higher stage explanations for it are downward assimilated at lower stages. Different scientific explanations for evolution also reflect different stages of development. Hierarchical complexity of tasks in evolution is a behavioral analytic explanation. It is selection processes of various kinds in tandem with changes in selection tasks' orders of hierarchical complexity. There is neither teleology nor evolutionary favoring of the highest stages of performance. Selection tasks at higher (...)
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  3. Human development and the model of hierarchical complexity: Learning from research in the psychology of moral and religious development.James Meredith Day - 2008 - World Futures 64 (5-7):452 – 467.
    Critical consideration is given the empirical evidence for psychological models of religious development, its supposed relationship to other domains of psychological development, and especially, moral development. Significant problems with stage conceptions in these models augur a fundamental rethinking of religious development as a construct in developmental psychology. Model of Hierarchical Complexity has demonstrable promise for enabling greater precision in constructs and methods. This may resolve some central problems and advance research in the field.
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  4. Implications of hierarchical complexity for social stratification, economics, and education.Michael Lamport Commons - 2008 - World Futures 64 (5-7):430 – 435.
    The institutionalization of systems of informed consent in market economies has exaggerated rather than minimized the meritocractic effect of such economies. In developing economies, it may help reduce both inherent economic gaps and effects of inherited wealth. In both cases, the highest paid people are those whose performances evidence the highest hierarchical complexity, and lowest paid people have the lowest stages of performance. Society is stratified according to stage of performance. Postformal thought is more likely to develop in (...)
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  5. Introduction to the model of hierarchical complexity and its relationship to postformal action.Michael Lamport Commons - 2008 - World Futures 64 (5-7):305 – 320.
    The Model of Hierarchical Complexity is introduced in terms of its main concepts, background, and applications. As a general, quantitative behavioral developmental theory, the Model enables examination of universal patterns of evolution and development. Behavioral tasks are definable and their organization of information in increasingly greater hierarchical, or vertical, complexity is measurable. Fifteen orders of hierarchical complexity account for task performances across domains, ranging from those of machines to creative geniuses. The four most complex (...)
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  6.  71
    A complete theory of tests for a theory of mind must consider hierarchical complexity and stage.Michael Lamport Commons & Myra Sturgeon White - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (5):606-606.
    We distinguish traditional cognition theories from hierarchically complex stacked neural networks that meet many of Newell's criteria. The latter are flexible and can learn anything that a person can learn, by using their mistakes and successes the same way humans do. Shortcomings are due largely to limitations of current technology.
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  7.  91
    A comparison of moral reasoning stages using a model of hierarchical complexity.Terri Lee Robinett - 2008 - World Futures 64 (5-7):468 – 479.
    Empirical evidence has demonstrated the validity and reliability of moral development instruments such as the Defining Issues Test (DIT) and Moral Judgment Test (MJT). Rasch item reliability for each was .95. A newer instrument generated using the Model of Hierarchical Complexity had item reliability of .97. Rasch scores of responses to each instruments' items correlated well with the items' measure of hierarchical complexity, r = .286, .372, .557, .767. Test items used to measure moral reasoning were (...)
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  8.  90
    The concept of domain in developmental analyses of hierarchical complexity.Michael F. Mascolo - 2008 - World Futures 64 (5-7):330 – 347.
    Individuals do not operate “at a stage of development.” They operate at a range of different levels of hierarchical complexity depending on skill area, task, context, degree of support, and other variables. It is thus necessary to postulate the concept of domain to refer to the particular conceptual, behavioral, or affective area within which activity operates. The concept raises questions and implications for theory building and application. Such issues are elaborated by discussing a variety of domains and social (...)
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  9. Stacked neural networks must emulate evolution's hierarchical complexity.Michael Lamport Commons - 2008 - World Futures 64 (5-7):444 – 451.
    The missing ingredients in efforts to develop neural networks and artificial intelligence (AI) that can emulate human intelligence have been the evolutionary processes of performing tasks at increased orders of hierarchical complexity. Stacked neural networks based on the Model of Hierarchical Complexity could emulate evolution's actual learning processes and behavioral reinforcement. Theoretically, this should result in stability and reduce certain programming demands. The eventual success of such methods begs questions of humans' survival in the face of (...)
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  10. Editors' introduction to the special issue on postformal thought and hierarchical complexity.Michael Lamport Commons & Sara Nora Ross - 2008 - World Futures 64 (5-7):297 – 304.
    (2008). Editors' Introduction to the Special Issue on Postformal Thought and Hierarchical Complexity. World Futures: Vol. 64, Postformal Thought and Hierarchical Complexity, pp. 297-304.
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  11. Presenting the formal theory of hierarchical complexity.Michael Lamport Commons & Alexander Pekker - 2008 - World Futures 64 (5-7):375 – 382.
    The formal theory of the Model of Hierarchical Complexity is presented. Complexity theories generally exclude the concept of hierarchical complexity; Developmental Psychology has included it for over 20 years. It also applies to social systems and non-human systems. Formal axioms for the Model are outlined. The model assigns an order of hierarchical complexity to every task, using natural numbers, establishing a quantal notion of stage and stages of performance. This formalizes properties of stage (...)
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  12.  38
    10How Many Levels Are There? How Insights from Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality Help Measure the Hierarchical Complexity of Life.Carl Simpson - 2011 - In Brett Calcott & Kim Sterelny, The Major Transitions in Evolution Revisited. MIT Press.
    This chapter argues that the multilevel selection -1 to MLS-2 model of a major transition is incomplete because it overlooks a crucial component of fitness. It addresses that the evolution of individuality literature has failed to account for expansive fitness and that expansive fitness differences play an important role in the transition to regimes sensitive to the fitness of the corporate agent. It discusses multilevel evolution during the three phases of transitions in individuality: the aggregate phase, the group phase, and (...)
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  13.  69
    Complexity: hierarchical structures and scaling in physics.R. Badii - 1997 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by A. Politi.
    This is a comprehensive discussion of complexity as it arises in physical, chemical, and biological systems, as well as in mathematical models of nature. Common features of these apparently unrelated fields are emphasised and incorporated into a uniform mathematical description, with the support of a large number of detailed examples and illustrations. The quantitative study of complexity is a rapidly developing subject with special impact in the fields of physics, mathematics, information science, and biology. Because of the variety (...)
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  14.  18
    On the parallel complexity of hierarchical clustering and CC-complete problems.Raymond Greenlaw & Sanpawat Kantabutra - 2008 - Complexity 14 (2):18-28.
  15.  42
    A Novel Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm Based on Density Peaks for Complex Datasets.Rong Zhou, Yong Zhang, Shengzhong Feng & Nurbol Luktarhan - 2018 - Complexity 2018:1-8.
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  16.  13
    Improved Hierarchical Convolutional Features for Robust Visual Object Tracking.Jinping Sun - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-16.
    The target and background will change continuously in the long-term tracking process, which brings great challenges to the accurate prediction of targets. The correlation filter algorithm based on manual features is difficult to meet the actual needs due to its limited feature representation ability. Thus, to improve the tracking performance and robustness, an improved hierarchical convolutional features model is proposed into a correlation filter framework for visual object tracking. First, the objective function is designed by lasso regression modeling, and (...)
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  17.  13
    Hierarchical Decision Making in Stochastic Manufacturing Systems.Robert Paul Wolff - 1994 - Birkhäuser.
    One of the most important methods in dealing with the optimization of large, complex systems is that of hierarchical decomposition. The idea is to reduce the overall complex problem into manageable approximate problems or subproblems, to solve these problems, and to construct a solution of the original problem from the solutions of these simpler prob lems. Development of such approaches for large complex systems has been identified as a particularly fruitful area by the Committee on the Next Decade in (...)
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  18.  52
    Discovering Complexity: Decomposition and Localization as Strategies in Scientific Research.William Bechtel & Robert C. Richardson - 2010 - Princeton.
    An analysis of two heuristic strategies for the development of mechanistic models, illustrated with historical examples from the life sciences. In Discovering Complexity, William Bechtel and Robert Richardson examine two heuristics that guided the development of mechanistic models in the life sciences: decomposition and localization. Drawing on historical cases from disciplines including cell biology, cognitive neuroscience, and genetics, they identify a number of "choice points" that life scientists confront in developing mechanistic explanations and show how different choices result in (...)
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  19.  76
    Language, tools and brain: The ontogeny and phylogeny of hierarchically organized sequential behavior.Patricia M. Greenfield - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):531-551.
    During the first two years of human life a common neural substrate underlies the hierarchical organization of elements in the development of speech as well as the capacity to combine objects manually, including tool use. Subsequent cortical differentiation, beginning at age two, creates distinct, relatively modularized capacities for linguistic grammar and more complex combination of objects. An evolutionary homologue of the neural substrate for language production and manual action is hypothesized to have provided a foundation for the evolution of (...)
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  20. Learning by imitation: A hierarchical approach.Richard W. Byrne & Anne E. Russon - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (5):667-684.
    To explain social learning without invoking the cognitively complex concept of imitation, many learning mechanisms have been proposed. Borrowing an idea used routinely in cognitive psychology, we argue that most of these alternatives can be subsumed under a single process, priming, in which input increases the activation of stored internal representations. Imitation itself has generally been seen as a This has diverted much research towards the all-or-none question of whether an animal can imitate, with disappointingly inconclusive results. In the great (...)
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  21. Hierarchical Inconsistencies: A Critical Assessment of Justification.Juozas Kasputis - 2019 - Economic Thought 8 (2):1-12.
    The existential insecurity of human beings has induced them to create protective spheres of symbols: myths, religions, values, belief systems, theories, etc. Rationality is one of the key factors contributing to the construction of civilisation in technical and symbolic terms. As Hankiss (2001) has emphasised, protective spheres of symbols may collapse – thus causing a profound social crisis. Social and political transformations had a tremendous impact at the end of the 20th century. As a result, management theories have been revised (...)
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  22.  30
    Hierarchic adaptive logics.Frederik Van De Putte - 2012 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 20 (1):45-72.
    This article discusses the proof theory, semantics and meta-theory of a class of adaptive logics, called hierarchic adaptive logics. Their specific characteristics are illustrated throughout the article with the use of one exemplary logic HKx, an explicans for reasoning with prioritized belief bases. A generic proof theory for these systems is defined, together with a less complex proof theory for a subclass of them. Soundness and a restricted form of completeness are established with respect to a non-redundant semantics. It is (...)
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  23. Hierarchical structures.Stanley N. Salthe - 2012 - Axiomathes 22 (3):355 - 383.
    This paper compares the two known logical forms of hierarchy, both of which have been used in models of natural phenomena, including the biological. I contrast their general properties, internal formal relations, modes of growth (emergence) in applications to the natural world, criteria for applying them, the complexities that they embody, their dynamical relations in applied models, and their informational relations and semiotic aspects.
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  24.  24
    Hierarchical Integration of Communicative and Spatial Perspective‐Taking Demands in Sensorimotor Control of Referential Pointing.Rui(睿) Liu(刘), Sara Bögels, Geoffrey Bird, W. Pieter Medendorp & Ivan Toni - 2022 - Cognitive Science 46 (1):e13084.
    Recognized as a simple communicative behavior, referential pointing is cognitively complex because it invites a communicator to consider an addressee's knowledge. Although we know referential pointing is affected by addressees’ physical location, it remains unclear whether and how communicators’ inferences about addressees’ mental representation of the interaction space influence sensorimotor control of referential pointing. The communicative perspective-taking task requires a communicator to point at one out of multiple referents either to instruct an addressee which one should be selected (communicative, COM) (...)
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  25.  33
    A Hierarchical Behavioral Dynamic Approach for Naturally Adaptive Human-Agent Pick-and-Place Interactions.Maurice Lamb, Patrick Nalepka, Rachel W. Kallen, Tamara Lorenz, Steven J. Harrison, Ali A. Minai & Michael J. Richardson - 2019 - Complexity 2019:1-16.
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  26.  96
    Hierarchical Characteristics and Proximity Mechanism of Intercity Innovation Networks: A Case of 290 Cities in China.Xianzhong Cao, Gang Zeng, Lan Lin & Lin Zou - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-14.
    The formation mechanism of innovation networks is one of the core issues in the current research of innovation networks, and proximity plays an important role in the formation and development of innovation networks; however, which proximity is more important and how different proximities interact remain to be further researched. This study conducts a social network analysis and adopts a spatial interaction model to examine innovation networks among 290 Chinese cities. The results reveal that, first, the hierarchical characteristics of Chinese (...)
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  27. A hierarchical framework for levels of reality: Understanding through representation. [REVIEW]Stanley N. Salthe - 2009 - Axiomathes 19 (1):87-99.
    Levels of reality reflect one kind of complexity, which can be modeled using a specification hierarchy. Levels emerged during the Big Bang, as physical degrees of freedom became increasingly fixed as the expanding universe developed, and new degrees of freedom associated with higher levels opened up locally, requiring new descriptive semantics. History became embodied in higher level entities, which are increasingly individuated, aggregate patterns of lower level entities. Development is an epigenetic trajectory from vaguer to more definite and individuated (...)
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  28.  92
    Hierarchical holographic modeling for conflict resolution.Y. Y. Haimes & A. Weiner - 1986 - Philosophy of Science 53 (2):200-222.
    A system as complex as man can be viewed from many sides, and the one or the other axis can be selected to form a theoretical image. Partial truths will emerge, and their mutual intermeshing will gradually raise truth to higher levels. … It has always proven prejudicial to attribute general validity to a partial truth. Yet, a partial truth could not have been reached without overstating its value. Thus the history of truth is intimately interconnected with the history of (...)
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  29. Complexity begets crosscutting, dooms hierarchy.Joyce C. Havstad - 2021 - Synthese 198 (8):7665-7696.
    There is a perennial philosophical dream of a certain natural order for the natural kinds. The name of this dream is ‘the hierarchy requirement’. According to this postulate, proper natural kinds form a taxonomy which is both unique and traditional. Here I demonstrate that complex scientific objects exist: objects which generate different systems of scientific classification, produce myriad legitimate alternatives amongst the nonetheless still natural kinds, and make the hierarchical dream impossible to realize, except at absurdly great cost. Philosophical (...)
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  30.  37
    Personnel Scheduling Problem under Hierarchical Management Based on Intelligent Algorithm.Li Huang, Chunming Ye, Jie Gao, Po-Chou Shih, Franley Mngumi & Xun Mei - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-14.
    This paper studies a special scheduling problem under hierarchical management in nurse staff. This is a more complex rostering problem than traditional nurse scheduling. The first is that the rostering requirements of charge nurses and general nurses are different under hierarchical management. The second is that nurses are preferable for relative fair rather than absolute fair under hierarchical management. The model aims at allocating the required workload to meet the operational requirements, weekend rostering preferences, and relative fairness (...)
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  31.  73
    Fokker–Planck Theory of Nonequilibrium Systems Governed by Hierarchical Dynamics.Sumiyoshi Abe - 2014 - Foundations of Physics 44 (2):175-182.
    Dynamics of complex systems is often hierarchically organized on different time scales. To understand the physics of such hierarchy, here Brownian motion of a particle moving through a fluctuating medium with slowly varying temperature is studied as an analytically tractable example, and a kinetic theory is formulated for describing the states of the particle. What is peculiar here is that the (inverse) temperature is treated as a dynamical variable. Dynamical hierarchy is introduced in conformity with the adiabatic scheme. Then, a (...)
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  32.  39
    Ageing as a price of cooperation and complexity.Huba J. M. Kiss, Ágoston Mihalik, Tibor Nánási, Bálint Őry, Zoltán Spiró, Csaba Sőti & Peter Csermely - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (6):651-664.
    The network concept is increasingly used for the description of complex systems. Here, we summarize key aspects of the evolvability and robustness of the hierarchical network set of macromolecules, cells, organisms and ecosystems. Listing the costs and benefits of cooperation as a necessary behaviour to build this network hierarchy, we outline the major hypothesis of the paper: the emergence of hierarchical complexity needs cooperation leading to the ageing (i.e. gradual deterioration) of the constituent networks. A stable environment (...)
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  33.  40
    The Hierarchical Iterative Identification Algorithm for Multi-Input-Output-Error Systems with Autoregressive Noise.Jiling Ding - 2017 - Complexity:1-11.
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  34.  49
    Ethical Complexity of Social Change: Negotiated Actions of a Social Enterprise.Babita Bhatt - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 177 (4):743-762.
    This paper investigates how social enterprises navigate through the ethical complexity of social change and extends the ethical quandaries faced by social enterprises beyond organisational boundaries. Building on the emerging literature on the ethics of SEs, I conceptualise ethics as an engagement with power relations. I develop theoretical arguments to understand the interaction between ethical predispositions of a SE and the normative structure of the social system in which it operates. I applied this conceptualisation in a hierarchical and (...)
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  35.  9
    Self‐organization and Natural Complexity.Bernard Ancori - 2019-12-16 - In The Carousel of Time. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley. pp. 23–39.
    This chapter explains the notions of information, communication and learning in the context of the complex adaptive systems theory, under the version proposed by M. Gell‐Mann. Within the class of such systems, it focuses attention on complex and self‐organized natural systems as analyzed by H. Atlan. The chapter describes the epistemological context and the formal definition of self‐organization according to H. Atlan, because this definition results from a re‐interpretation of the Shannonian theorem of the noisy channel by applying it to (...)
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  36.  56
    Do complex moral reasoners experience greater ethical work conflict?E. Sharon Mason & Peter E. Mudrack - 1997 - Journal of Business Ethics 16 (12-13):1311-1318.
    Individuals who disagree that organizational interests legitimately supersede those of the wider society may experience conflict between their personal standards of ethics and those demanded by an employing organization, a conflict that is well documented. An additional question is whether or not individuals capable of complex moral reasoning experience greater conflict than those reasoning at a less developed level. This question was first positioned in a theoretical framework and then investigated using 115 survey responses from a student sample. Correlational analysis (...)
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  37.  13
    Benefits of co‐translational complex assembly for cellular fitness.Krishnendu Khan & Paul L. Fox - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (5):2300024.
    Complexes of two or more proteins form many, if not most, of the intracellular “machines” that execute physical and chemical work, and transmit information. Complexes can form from stochastic post‐translational interactions of fully formed proteins, but recent attention has shifted to co‐translational interactions in which the most common mechanism involves binding of a mature constituent to an incomplete polypeptide emerging from a translating ribosome. Studies in yeast have revealed co‐translational interactions during formation of multiple major complexes, and together with recent (...)
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  38.  10
    (1 other version)Epistemic Complexity from an Objective Bayesian Perspective.Jon Williamson - 2010 - :231-246.
    Evidence can be complex in various ways: e.g., it may exhibit structural complexity, containing information about causal, hierarchical or logical structure as well as empirical data, or it may exhibit combinatorial complexity, containing a complex combination of...
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  39.  16
    Connection Characteristics and Hierarchical Structure of China’s Urban Network-Based on the Communications Technology Service Industry.Hailong Liu, Yu Zhang, Ziyu Sang, Weiqiao Wang, Liping Zhang & Man Li - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-13.
    Considering the importance of China’s digital economy, industrial Internet, and high-quality development, this study analyzed China’s urban network from the perspective of the communications technology service industry. Three sub-networks and a comprehensive network were constructed. The density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the above network were identified. The results show that: cohesion of urban networks in China is weak and resource sharing is low. From west to east, the urban network forms a multilevel diamond structure in the periphery, a parallelogram (...)
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  40.  15
    Erratum to “A Hierarchical Attention Recommender System Based on Cross-Domain Social Networks”.Rongmei Zhao, Xi Xiong, Xia Zu, Shenggen Ju, Zhongzhi Li & Binyong Li - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-1.
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  41.  21
    Bayesian Hierarchical Compositional Models for Analysing Longitudinal Abundance Data from Microbiome Studies.I. Creus Martí, A. Moya & F. J. Santonja - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-16.
    Gut microbiome plays a significant role in defining the health status of subjects, and recent studies highlight the importance of using time series strategies to analyse microbiome dynamics. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian model for microbiota longitudinal data, based on Dirichlet distribution with time-varying parameters, that take into account the compositional paradigm and consider principal balances. The proposed model can be effective for predicting the future dynamics of a microbial community in the short term and for analysing the (...)
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  42.  10
    Unity and Complexity.Thomas Hurka - 1993 - In Perfectionism. New York, US: Oxford University Press.
    Continues the discussion of theoretical and practical perfection by examining the considerations that give some beliefs and intentions more quality and therefore value than others. It argues that Aristotelian considerations about rationality as essential to humans require measures of quality to be formal, considering only formal properties of beliefs and ends rather than their substantive content. There are two such measures: the extent of a belief's or end's content in space, time, and objects involved, and the degree to which different (...)
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  43. Complexity as a new framework for emotion theories.Giovanna Colombetti - 2003 - Logic and Philosophy of Science 1 (1).
    In this paper I suggest that several problems in the study of emotion depend on a lack of adequate analytical tools, in particular on the tendency of viewing the organism as a modular and hierarchical system whose activity is mainly constituted by strictly sequential causal events. I argue that theories and models based on this view are inadequate to account for the complex reciprocal influences of the many ingredients that constitute emotions. Cognitive processes, feelings and bodily states are so (...)
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  44.  38
    Deep Hierarchical Representation from Classifying Logo-405.Sujuan Hou, Jianwei Lin, Shangbo Zhou, Maoling Qin, Weikuan Jia & Yuanjie Zheng - 2017 - Complexity:1-12.
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  45. Towards a Hierarchical Definition of Life, the Organism, and Death.Gerard A. J. M. Jagers op Akkerhuis - 2010 - Foundations of Science 15 (3):245-262.
    Despite hundreds of definitions, no consensus exists on a definition of life or on the closely related and problematic definitions of the organism and death. These problems retard practical and theoretical development in, for example, exobiology, artificial life, biology and evolution. This paper suggests improving this situation by basing definitions on a theory of a generalized particle hierarchy. This theory uses the common denominator of the “operator” for a unified ranking of both particles and organisms, from elementary particles to animals (...)
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  46.  18
    Hierarchical Newton Iterative Parameter Estimation of a Class of Input Nonlinear Systems Based on the Key Term Separation Principle.Cheng Wang, Kaicheng Li & Shuai Su - 2018 - Complexity 2018:1-11.
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  47.  26
    Comparison and Analysis of Network Construction Methods for Seismicity Based on Complex Networks.Xuan He, Syed Bilal Hussain Shah, Bo Wei & Zheng Liu - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-11.
    The approach of the complex network has well described seismic complex systems. In this paper, this is the first time three classical network construction methods for seismicity are compared. By using the same dataset from the Southern California Seismic Network, three networks are constructed. They all present the scale-free, small-world properties, a strength-degree correlation, and an assortative mixing feature. However, they show some differences in the hierarchical clustering feature. On observing the evolution results, three measures show a similar correlation (...)
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  48.  45
    Complexity, Progress, and Hierarchy in Evolution.Börje Ekstig - 2017 - World Futures 73 (7):457-472.
    In this article I suggest a view of evolution characterized as a progressive process toward successively higher levels of complexity. In this approach, complexity is defined by means of an operational definition giving the possibility of its measurement by means of a procedure in which development has a crucial role. Furthermore, the concept of competition applied in the complexity space explains the cumulative emergence of new species as well as the presence of stagnant species. In this process, (...)
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  49.  43
    What is the cat in complex settings?Pierre-Jean Marescaux & Patrick Chambres - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (5):773-774.
    Dienes & Perner present a hierarchical model that addresses the nature – implicit versus explicit – of knowledge in areas as diverse as learning, memory, and visual perception. This framework appears difficult to apply to complex situations, such as those involving implicit learning, because of the indeterminacy that remains regarding knowledge at the low-level in the hierarchy. These reservations should not detract from the positive features of this model. Among its other advantages, it is well adapted to priming phenomena (...)
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  50.  55
    Genetic Causation in Complex Regulatory Systems: An Integrative Dynamic Perspective.James DiFrisco & Johannes Jaeger - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (6):1900226.
    The logic of genetic discovery has changed little over time, but the focus of biology is shifting from simple genotype–phenotype relationships to complex metabolic, physiological, developmental, and behavioral traits. In light of this, the traditional reductionist view of individual genes as privileged difference‐making causes of phenotypes is re‐examined. The scope and nature of genetic effects in complex regulatory systems, in which dynamics are driven by regulatory feedback and hierarchical interactions across levels of organization are considered. This review argues that (...)
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