The negative impacts of agriculture on the environment and the inequity that limits access to healthy food for the entire population impede sustainable development. This article reflects contributions to food security and alternatives for transitioning to sustainable food systems. It is concluded that food, as a human right, is a complex and transdisciplinary issue, which must be integrated as a transversal axis in the economic, social, environmental, governance, and cultural dimensions to contribute to sustainable development and therefore the convenience of (...) making the transition from the concept of food security to that of food sustainability. (shrink)

En el marco de una investigación sobre la formación de la crónica periodístico-literaria, el propósito de este artículo es presentar criterios de clasificación para el relato de viajes, considerando el aporte de reconocidos especialistas y con vistas a determinar la existencia de nueve subgéneros que expresan la dialéctica del relato viajero entre la importancia del “objeto narrado” y la del “yo” que relata su experiencia. Se consideran dos criterios fundamentales para la organización de la propuesta: el carácter del relato y (...) su finalidad. Del cruce de ambas entradas, se produce la propuesta que se ofrece a la discusión académica y su implementación pedagógica. (shrink)

Elástico de sombra (Sexto Piso, 2019) expone las problemáticas que reflejan las prácticas culturales y económicas de las poblaciones minoritarias de este país —me refiero a las negritudes y los indígenas— como la producción del cacao, el tabaco, el algodón y el aguardiente, que en realidad han sido colonizadas por el supremacismo blanco, reafirmando de esta forma el lumpen capitalista.

Este artículo se origina en un proyecto realizado en el grupo de investigación “Literaturas marginales” (Marginalia) a través de la línea “Relecturas del canon literario”. La mirada está centrada en el panorama de la literatura contemporánea y su lugar dentro de la postautonomía del arte contemporáneo; en efecto, el canon literario sufre sobresaltos y modificaciones progresivas que conducen a la pérdida de especificidad en los fenómenos literarios y a la disolución de los lenguajes cristalizados. El objetivo consiste en proyectar una (...) postura investigativa sobre los problemas que forman parte del modo de organización de lo sensible en la literatura contemporánea (y que permitirían hablar de transformaciones y crisis de nociones hasta hace poco consideradas centrales para definir el arte, tales como pertinencia, especificidad y autonomía). La conjetura converge con consideraciones de carácter crítico literario, filosófico, estético y sociológico, como: la obra literaria Ó (2008) del artista brasileño Nuno Ramos; la dimensión crítica literaria del texto investigativo “Especie, especificidad y pertenencia” (2013a) de la PhD. Florencia Garramuño; y consideraciones filosóficas sobre la contemporaneidad de Giorgio Agamben; el término sociológico “actividades sustitutorias” de Theodore Kaczynski; la postura de Mark Fisher con su texto Realismo capitalista (2016), son el cuerpo de antecedentes que integran este postulado crítico y permite cuestionar los valores y efectos en la experimentación narrativa, y la periferia con la que debe conciliar: la industria, la productividad y el canon literario. (shrink)

The problem of the 3N dimensions of the wave function is of particular interest in the philosophy of physics. In this work, we will recall the main positions about the nature and dimensionality of the wave function and we will introduce a new perspective, coming from quantum chemistry. For this, we will bring to light the formal operations that underlie the independent electron approximation. On this basis, we will point out how quantum chemistry can offer new arguments that contribute to (...) the debate about the ontology of wave function. (shrink)

The problem of the reduction of chemistry to physics has been traditionally addressed in terms of classical structural chemistry and standard quantum mechanics. In this work, we will study the problem from the perspective of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, proposed by Richard Bader in the nineties. The purpose of this article is to unveil the role of QTAIM in the inter-theoretical relations between chemistry and physics. We argue that, although the QTAIM solves two relevant obstacles to reduction (...) by providing a rigorous definition of chemical bond and of atoms in a molecule, it appeals to concepts that are unacceptable in the quantum–mechanical context. Therefore, the QTAIM fails to provide the desired reduction. On the other hand, we will show that the QTAIM is more similar to Bohmian mechanics and that the basic elements of both theories are closely related. (shrink)

É preciso refletir sobre a formação do professor de Filosofia. É necessário olhar a própria prática dos cursos, o perfil dos alunos que os estão freqüentando, a inserção desses estudantes nas escolas, o tipo de Filosofia que nelas está sendo trabalhada, a receptividade que a Filosofia está tendo, os livros didáticos de Filosofia e o seu uso.

An Aristotelian philosophy of nature offers an alternative to reduction for the conception of the inter-theoretical relationships between molecular chemistry and quantum mechanics. A basic ingredient for such an approach is an ontology of fundamental causal powers, and this work aims to develop such an ontology by drawing on quantum-chemical entities, particularly, the electron density. This notion is central to the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, a theory of molecular structure developed by Richard F. W. Bader, which describes molecules (...) and atoms in terms precisely of the electron density. Then, by identifying a philosophical tension in Bader’s discourse about the nature of electron density, the work will analyze this central notion in terms of the categorical/dispositional distinction regarding properties. The central idea is that electron density can be conceived as categorical and dispositional at once, and this very characterization can avoid Bader’s philosophical tension. (shrink)

Background Providing understandable information to patients is necessary to achieve the aims of the Informed Consent process: respecting and promoting patients’ autonomy and protecting patients from harm. In recent decades, new, primarily digital technologies have been used to apply and test innovative formats of Informed Consent. We conducted a systematic review to explore the impact of using digital tools for Informed Consent in both clinical research and in clinical practice. Understanding, satisfaction and participation were compared for digital tools versus the (...) non-digital Informed Consent process. Methods We searched for studies on available electronic databases, including Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane. Studies were identified using specific Mesh-terms/keywords. We included studies, published from January 2012 to October 2020, that focused on the use of digital Informed Consent tools for clinical research, or clinical procedures. Digital interventions were defined as interventions that used multimedia or audio–video to provide information to patients. We classified the interventions into 3 different categories: video only, non-interactive multimedia, and interactive multimedia. Results Our search yielded 19,579 publications. After title and abstract screening 100 studies were retained for full-text analysis, of which 73 publications were included. Studies examined interactive multimedia, non-interactive multimedia, and videos, and most studies were conducted on adults. Innovations in consent were tested for clinical/surgical procedures and clinical research. For research IC, 21 outcomes were explored, with a positive effect on at least one of the studied outcomes being observed in 8/12 studies. For clinical/surgical procedures 49 outcomes were explored, and 21/26 studies reported a positive effect on at least one of the studied outcomes. Conclusions Digital technologies for informed consent were not found to negatively affect any of the outcomes, and overall, multimedia tools seem desirable. Multimedia tools indicated a higher impact than videos only. Presence of a researcher may potentially enhance efficacy of different outcomes in research IC processes. Studies were heterogeneous in design, making evaluation of impact challenging. Robust study design including standardization is needed to conclusively assess impact. (shrink)

Recent discussions about the microstructure of materials generally focus on the ontological aspects of the molecular structure. However, there are many types of substances that cannot be studied by means of the concept of molecule, for example, salts. For the quantum treatment of these substances, a new particle, called phonon, is introduced. Phonons are generally conceived as a pseudo-particle, that is, a mathematical device necessary to perform calculations but which does not have a "real" existence. In this context, the aim (...) of this paper will be to analyze the ontological status of phonons. For such purposes we will critically analyze the arguments that would account for the presumed nonexistence of phonons. Finally, having already demonstrated that there are not enough reasons to consider phonons as non-existing entities, we will explore some possibilities that allow us to elucidate their ontological status. (shrink)

Recent discussions about the microstructure of materials generally focus on the ontological aspects of the molecular structure. However, there are many types of substances that cannot be studied by means of the concept of molecule, for example, salts. For the quantum treatment of these substances, a new particle, called phonon, is introduced. Phonons are generally conceived as a pseudo-particle, that is, a mathematical device necessary to perform calculations but which does not have a “real” existence. In this context, the aim (...) of this paper will be to analyze the ontological status of phonons. For such purposes we will critically analyze the arguments that would account for the presumed nonexistence of phonons. Finally, having already demonstrated that there are not enough reasons to consider phonons as non-existing entities, we will explore some possibilities that allow us to elucidate their ontological status. (shrink)

En 1933, el escritor mexicano Jaime Torres Bodet publicó en Madrid su novela Estrella de día, en la cual continúa con la tradición narrativa de la Hollywood novel que en España se había manifestado en textos de Ramón Gómez de la Serna, J. Calvo Alfaro o Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, entre otros. A partir del estudio de cómo una actriz se convierte en un ser ideal para el protagonista, se comprueba la manera en la que las estrategias de márquetin favorecen (...) su mitificación. Sin embargo, también existen críticas al control mercantil sobre los cuerpos femeninos. Al estudiar ambos aspectos, se constata la paradoja de que, en la novela de Torres Bodet, el ascenso hacia el estatus de mito de la intérprete desmitifica la industria hollywoodiense por las técnicas de promoción que utiliza. (shrink)

Durkheim's underdeveloped notion of fatalism is the keystone for a bridge between two conceptual categories central to Marxian and Durkheimian theory: alienation and anomie. Durkheim does not necessarily disagree with Marx that excessive regulation can be socially damaging but chooses to highlight the effects of under- regulation. A Durkheimian critique of overregulation becomes possible if we turn away from anomie and toward Durkheim's idea of fatalism-a concept that I will argue here is unexpectedly consistent with Marx's notion of alienation. We (...) can infer that Durkheim presents us with a notion of an "optimal" human condition that exists between anomie and fatalism. The structure of modern societies, it will be argued, is characterized not just by excessive control leading to alienation or by a lack of integrative restraint leading to anomie but also by active efforts to optimally regulate social life. (shrink)

_El deshabitado _(Grijalbo, 2016) puede estudiarse como un testimonio novelado, porque es un relato complejo y sobrecogedor en primera persona, escrito por el poeta Javier Sicilia, quien se representa como protagonista y testigo de las terribles causas sociales de la muerte de su hijo Juanelo, y de las consecuencias que tuvo sobre Sicilia ese fatídico hecho. En la lectura, asistimos al recuento del duelo del escritor y a la rememoración de la posterior fundación del Movimiento por la Paz con Justicia (...) y Dignidad, manifestación civil contra la llamada Guerra contra el Narco gubernamental en México entre 2006 y 2012. Hecho social y memoria íntima se funden en el libro analizado. La hipótesis de esta investigación es que se pueden reconocer elementos retóricos y técnicos usados para construir un _testimonio de lo inefable. _¿Cómo logra Sicilia la fusión entre técnica lírica y testimonio, para configurar un punto equilibrado entre lo afectivo, lo artístico y lo mnemónico? ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones estéticas de este singular ejercicio literario? En la medida que el autor del corpus de estudio se afirma como un testigo-memorialista que revisa un momento álgido de la historia mexicana, la narración, obviamente, se convierte en un testimonio-memoria de primera mano del periodo. Asimismo, la conciencia histórica, pero sobre todo la conciencia literaria y la _sospecha de la palabra _al (d)escribir tanto su dolor como padre como la posición sociológica de Sicilia, permiten problematizar las relaciones entre escritura y violencia, entre arte y tiempo presente. Tales fueron los objetivos aquí. (shrink)

Este artículo pretende mostrar que el discurso de la justicia global, tal y como se ha presentado en la tradición de la teoría política liberal, se encuentra poco capacitado para ofrecer respuestas satisfactorias frente al problema de la desigualdad global. Esta tesis se sustenta en la sujeción de dicha tradición al marco socioeconómico capitalista como un presupuesto y en su optimismo frente al discurso de los derechos, que limita, más que fortalece, sus posibilidades de proporcionar soluciones estructurales. Para desarrollar este (...) trabajo se ha hecho uso del análisis de contenido de carácter cualitativo de textos; al ser una investigación de carácter teórico, se da prioridad a las fuentes documentales. (shrink)

Lozano-Vásquez, Andrea y Meléndez, Germán, comps. Convertir la vida en arte: una introducción histórica a la filosofía como forma de vida. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2016. 389 pp.

Resumen: Propongo una crítica a la noción de serialidad en la comprensión del concepto de tiempo en el contexto de los estudios cartesianos. En el debate entre los defensores del tiempo continuo y quienes defienden un tiempo discreto, sostengo que ninguna de estas posiciones tiene en cuenta que la serialidad se enmarca en una noción de tiempo que se concibe como divisible y numerable y que no pertenece intrínsecamente a la naturaleza de la experiencia temporal del cogito. Mi propuesta consiste (...) en comenzar a desarrollar la caracterización de dicho tiempo experiencial y cogitativo.: My aim is to criticize the notion of seriality embedded in the understanding of time within the framework of Cartesian studies. I hold that neither those who defend that time is continuous nor those who think that it is discrete take into account the fact that seriality is rooted in a conception of time conceived as divisible and numerable that does not belong intrinsically to the nature of the experience of time of the cogito. I propose to advance towards a characterization of such experiential and cogitative time. (shrink)

El autor trata las relaciones entre historia y derecho como claves de la comprensión de la sociedad moderna a partir de las reflexiones de Vico y Hegel.The author analyses the relationship of history and law as a key to understand the modern society, from reflections of Vico and Hegel.

Due to COVID-19, university students continued their academic training remotely. To assess the effects of emergency remote teaching, we evaluated the expectations and, subsequently, the experiences of university students about online education. This study employed a simple prospective design as its method. We assessed the expectations of 1,904 students from different discipline areas during the beginning of the first semester, March 2020, and their experiences at the end of the same academic period, September 2020. We used convenience non-probability sampling. Participants (...) responded to the questionnaire on Expectations toward virtual education in higher education for students and the questionnaire on virtual education experiences in higher education. The results showed that students’ responses reflected low expectations regarding peer relationships and comparison with face-to-face education. This perception was maintained during the evaluation of experiences. Students reported positive experiences regarding online teaching and learning, online assessment, and their self-efficacy beliefs at T2. Statistically significant differences between measurements were found, with the expertise presenting higher averages than expectations. Furthermore, differences by gender were identified, reporting a positive change in the scores of women. In addition, results reflected differences according to the disciplinary area, showing Social Sciences and Medical and Health Sciences students a more significant size effect. Findings regarding the empirical evidence and the implications for future teaching scenarios in Higher Education are discussed. (shrink)

The author argues that Quijano’s conceptualization of race within the theory of coloniality of power is limited and theoretically insufficient given its lack of elaboration regarding the role of anti-Blackness in Spanish colonization. This article contrasts the idea of coloniality of power with Cedric Robinson’s elaboration of racial capitalism to demonstrates how Robinson has a more complex and historically rich analysis of race that centers the expansion of racial capitalism with the invention of the Negro subject. The article closes with (...) an attempt to bridge the history of anti-Blackness and the idea of coloniality using Sylvia Wynter’s adaptation of the idea of coloniality, which is attentive to the Portuguese expeditions prior to Columbus and how coloniality disproportionally affected people of African descent in the Américas. (shrink)

"Los derechos polí­ticos y el Estado constitucional en el discurso filosófico actual" La filosofí­a polí­tica liberal propone una concepción del gobierno y de la sociedad civil corno resultado de un acuerdo que se actualiza permanentemente bajo las condiciones de un Estado de derecho. El sentido polí­tico de este orden liberal así­ caracterizado se hace depender de ciudadanos que son sujetos activos de derecho; derechos naturales ya suscritos por Locke, y los habilitan, responsabilizan y equiparan a la hora de dar forma (...) a la sociedad civil y establecer los lí­mites al poder del Estado. Sin embargo, en este orden de derechos y obligaciones, es claro para el autor, persiste el antagonismo entre intereses privados y públicos dado el carácter de la economí­a de mercado. "œPolitical Rights and the Constitutional State in the Contemporary Philsophical Discourse" Liberal political philosophy proposes a conception of government and of civil society as a result of an agreement permanently modified under the conditions of the Rule of Law The political sense of this liberal order thus characterized is dependent of citizens that are active subjects of /me; natural rights already suscribed by Locke that enabled them, make accountant for and make them equal in order to outline the civil society and establish the limits of State power: Nevertheless, the author insists on reinincling us of the antagonism between private and public interests, given the situation of market economy. (shrink)

Resumen: La lectura política que Hegel lleva a cabo respecto de la Modernidad se remite a la interacción entre la voluntad en cuanto voluntad libre y la vida general del Estado. Se trata de una lectura abiertamente contrapuesta a la concepción del Estado liberal porque acentúa, precisamente, la auto..

Environmental problems imply a dispute not only about what to do to solve them, but also about how these problems are defined or understood. These disputes involve different knowledge and approaches, and at the same time they are crossed by different interests, such as those mobilized by the private or business sectors. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the link between business strategies and knowledge asymmetries and omissions in a particular case: the socio-environmental problems related to bioethanol (...) production in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. For this purpose, an analysis of different written documents (judicial, academic, journalistic) and interviews with different social actors involved in the conflict were carried out. From the analysis, a hierarchization of the knowledge involved was observed, in which different levels of exclusion of knowledge led to certain approaches of Chemical Engineering being central to the judicial decisions taken. Likewise, different corporate strategies were recognized around the production and discussion of evidence in this conflict, highlighting the appeal to the multi-causality related to any polluting event. Finally, the phenomena of knowledge hierarchization and business strategies have worked together to dilute the company's responsibility for the reported damages and to allow the implementation of state measures that made possible the permanence of the factory in coexistence with residential dwellings. (shrink)

Se presenta un estudio sobre un aspecto de la fundamentación lógica de la Bibliotecología y Estudios de la Información. Por fundamentación lógica se entiende el análisis de las relaciones entre los componentes del aparato teórico de una disciplina. El aspecto que se pretende realizar es el análisis de las relaciones dialécticas entre dichos componentes. Una relación dialéctica es aquella por la cual se infieren unas categorías a partir del análisis de elementos internos y su interrelación presentes en una categoría inicial. (...) Se parte de una categoría primaria, la cual contiene todos los demás elementos de la estructura teórica de la ciencia. A semejanza de Marx quien en su obra “El Capital” comienza con el concepto “mercancía” para después inferir la teoría de la economía capitalista, nosotros partimos del concepto “documento” para obtener la teoría de la Bibliotecología. Finalmente siguiendo el desarrollo dialéctico del conocimiento se transita de la categoría inicial como relación más simple, a la esencia, después a la apariencia y finalmente a la realidad. Se propone como esencia de la Bibliotecología el satisfacer necesidades de información documental, como apariencia el servicio que se presta al público y como realidad a un sistema de información concreto. A LÓGICA DO SISTEMA CATEGORIAL DA BIBLIOTECONOMIA E ESTUDOS DA INFORMAÇÃO DOCUMENTAL: UMA ANÁLISE DIALÉTICA Resumo Apresenta-se estudo de um aspecto da fundamentação lógica da Biblioteconomia e Estudos da Informação. Por fundamentação lógica entende-se a análise das relações entre os componentes do aparato teórico de uma disciplina. O aspecto que se pretende observar compreende a análise das relações dialéticas entre esses componentes. A relação dialética é aquela pela qual algumas categorias são inferidas a partir da análise de elementos internos e suas interrelações presentes em uma categorização inicial. Parte-se de uma categoria principal que contém todos os outros elementos da estrutura teórica da ciência. Como Marx, que na sua obra “O Capital” começa com o conceito de "mercadoria" para daí inferir sua teoria da economia capitalista, partimos do conceito de "documento" para chegar a uma teoria da Biblioteconomia. Finalmente, após o desenvolvimento dialético do conhecimento, transita-se da categoria incial como a relação mais simples, a essência, e daí para a aparência e, finalmente, para a realidade. Propõe-se como essência da Biblioteconomia a satisfação da informação documental, como aparência o serviço que se presta ao público e como realidade os sistemas de informação concretos. (shrink)

El articulo analiza experiencias de corporeidad de mujeres excombatientes de las FARC-EP, a partir de una investigación sociocrítica, fenomenológica y feminista, que implementó estrategias dialógicas, participativas, contextualizadas y problematizadoras. Los resultados describen los órdenes discursivos insurgentes en torno a la igualdad, los procesos de socialización que moldean cuerpos militantes y a la vez los controlan desde lo normativo; frente a estos últimos se vislumbran prácticas de fuga que evidencian las tensiones entre el orden insurgente y el de la vida civil. (...) Se concluye que el grupo armado moldea una subjetividad que combina elementos de las construcciones de género del contexto campesino de origen y referentes ideológicos y prácticos del contexto bélico que se esfuerza por configurar cuerpos fuertes y disciplinados. (shrink)

Karl Marx (1818-1883) was trained as a philosopher and steeped in the thought of Hegel and German idealism, but turned away from philosophy in his mid-twenties towards politics, economics and history. It is for his these subjects Marx is best known and in which his work and ideas shaped the very nature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. However, Marx's engagement with philosophy runs through most of his work, especially in his philosophy of history and in moral and political philosophy. (...) In this outstanding introduction to Marx's philosophy Jaime Edwards and Brian Leiter begin with an overview of Marx's life and intellectual development, before examining and assessing the following important topics: Marx's theory of history: Hegel, dialectics, teleology, materialism functionalism and the causal explanation of historical change economics, history and the transition from communism to capitalism ideology, morality and religion human nature, alienation and the good life for human beings Marx's legacy and influence, including Western Marxism and the Frankfurt School. The addition of chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary of technical terms make this an indispensable introduction to Marx's philosophy. It will also be useful to those in related disciplines such as politics, sociology, history and economics. (shrink)

Resumen En la crítica del Cantar de los Cantares no hay acuerdo acerca del problema estructural del libro. Las teorías se dividen en aquellas que abogan por un carácter fragmentario contra otras que ven un carácter unitario de los poemas. El estudio intenta revisar esta problemática y proponer que el Cantar de los Cantares es una colección de poemas sueltos que un redactor/recopilador juntó e intentó poner en cierto orden, incorporando el conjuro de 2,7; 3,5; 5,8; 8,4 como estribillo con (...) función articuladora, de tal manera que el conjuro quedó puesto como hito divisorio entre grandes bloques poéticos que se relacionan entre sí por un tema común u otro recurso de mano redaccional, configurando así un ordenamiento estructural de todo el libro.In the criticism of the Song of Songs there is no agreement on the structural problem of the book. Theories are divided into those advocating a fragmentary against others who see a unitary character of poems. The study attempts to revise this problems and propose that the Song of Songs is a loose collection of poems that a compiler gathered and tried to give some order, incorporating the adjuration of 2, 7; 3,5; 5,8; 8,4 as refrain with articulate function, such that the adjuration was set as milestone dividing between large blocks poetic that interrelate by a common theme or other resource or literary technique thus configuring a structural arrangement of the whole book. (shrink)

In 2014, an international group of scholars from various fields analysed the “societal dimensions” of synthetic biology in an interdisciplinary summer school. Here, we report and discuss the biologists’ observations on the general perception of synthetic biology by non-biologists who took part in this event. Most attendees mainly associated synthetic biology with contributions from the best-known public figures of the field, rarely mentioning other scientists. Media extrapolations of those contributions appeared to have created unrealistic expectations and irrelevant fears that were (...) widely disconnected from the current research in synthetic biology. Another observation was that when debating developments in synthetic biology, semantics strongly mattered: depending on the terms used to present an application of synthetic biology, attendees reacted in radically different ways. For example, using the term “GMOs” rather than the term “genetic engineering” led to very different reactions. Stimulating debates also happened with participants having unanticipated points of view, for instance biocentrist ethicists who argued that engineered microbes should not be used for human purposes. Another communication challenge emerged from the connotations and inaccuracies surrounding the word “life”, which impaired constructive debates, thus leading to misconceptions about the abilities of scientists to engineer or even create living organisms. Finally, it appeared that synthetic biologists tend to overestimate the knowledge of non-biologists, further affecting communication. The motivation and ability of synthetic biologists to communicate their work outside their research field needs to be fostered, notably towards policymakers who need a more accurate and technical understanding of the field to make informed decisions. Interdisciplinary events gathering scholars working in and around synthetic biology are an effective tool in addressing those issues. (shrink)

Los Cuadernos, de los cuales se publican aquí los seis primeros de la serie, eran llamados por Heidegger, indiferentemente, Arbeitshefte (Cuadernos de trabajo) o Schwarze Hefte (Cuadernos negros). Esta última denominación se explica —como en el caso de El Cuaderno rojo de Marina Zvetáieva, que apareció en 2011 en Éditions des Syrtes— por el color de su encuadernación. Esta última, en lo que concierne a los Cuadernos de Heidegger, era dura y recubierta por un hule negro. El conjunto de sus (...) hojas linda con las 100 páginas, en un formato cercano a nuestra media página A4. (shrink)