La foi et la raison. La foi, don de Dieu. La raison, don de l'homme ou don de Dieu? La foi et la raison eurent à combattre, comme si le ciel et la terre vivaient en conflit incessant. Le combat demeure, différent certes, parce que l'homme oublie ses origines sans en regarder la cause. Jean-Paul II s'est lancé dans cette épreuve, en rédigeant une encyclique, pour enfin tenter de sortir l'homme de son enfermement dialectique. Le magistère de l'Eglise catholique (...) lui en donne l'autorité et la lui demande, pour enfin réconcilier l'homme avec lui-même et avec Dieu"-- Back cover. (shrink)

This book revisits the theory of the sources of international law from the perspective of formalism.

O presente artigo trabalha com dois autores que oferecem importantes contribuições para seus respectivos campos de estudo. Porém algo mais os aproxima: pretendemos apresentar os parentescos possíveis entre a Filosofia da Ciência desenvolvida por Thomas S. Kuhn e a Filosofia da Linguagem de Ludwig Wittgenstein. Cumpre, de início, apresentar rapidamente os conceitos fundamentais da Filosofia de Wittgenstein, notadamente ao que se refere a segunda parte de seus trabalhos, e dados biográficos que são relevantes para o entendimento de sua obra. De (...) maneira sumária, fazer o mesmo sobre os trabalhos de Kuhn para, finalmente, dadas as condições precedentes, fazer aparecer aproximações deste com os trabalhos de Wittgenstein. (shrink)

This paper investigates the impact of diversity on corporate philanthropy. Compared to previous studies that have considered the influence of board diversity and CEO gender on corporate philanthropy, this study introduces the concept of operational diversity, which is the implementation of diversity programs at management, employee, and supply chain levels, and further, it explains why operational diversity influences corporate philanthropy, by using the premises of resource dependence theory. Second, this study also investigates the influence of board diversity on corporate philanthropy. (...) Third, this study uses a large sample of U.S. firms over the period of 1991–2009 and tries to mitigate possible omitted variables and endogeneity problems that are often overlooked in previous research. We demonstrate that firms with operational diversity programs are likely more dependent on a broad variety of resources and give more to community as a strategic maneuver; hence, operational diversity is a better indicator for predicting future corporate giving than board diversity alone. However, having a woman or a member of a minority as a company’s chief executive officer is not sufficient to impact its charitable giving. A battery of robustness tests support our conclusion and confirm that our results are not driven by a firm’s general corporate social responsibility (CSR) score, gender or independence of board members, or firm ownership. This paper will assist researchers, practitioners, and other stakeholders in deepening their understanding of the predictors of corporate giving. (shrink)

Over many long years, whenever a modest and not quite disinterested emissary of a member Association of the International Council of Philosophy and the Humanistic Studies came to visit Jean d'Ormesson at his headquarters in the rue Miollis, patiently clearing his path through mountains of dossiers and brochures, he did not, unlike the title of this paper, associate Jean d'Ormesson with the CIPSH - he simply identified the man before him with the CIPSH itself. An equation born of (...) an admiration barely suppressed under a veneer of polite restraint, an identification perhaps suggested to them by the president or secretary of their home association. Nevertheless a quite unfair one for anyone able to perceive with a greater deal of clarity (the office was very dark in overcast weather) what the ‘Secretary-General’ was, as well and much more, outside of the rue Miollis: the writer, the chronicler of his time, soon to become the assiduously active Academician, or even, dare I suggest, the blue-eyed charmer who graced debates on television. But this summary judgement could readily be forgiven, for the host of the premises had the good taste, when welcoming one to CIPSH, to assume only his mantle as Secretary-General. Besides, for the delegates of member Associations - and it was in this capacity that I first met Jean d'Ormesson before becoming his collaborator on the executive Bureau of CIPSH, and then briefly his successor - he appeared as the effective intermediary with that far-off but richly resourced galaxy called UNESCO. He was the man of warmth and charm who could be relied on to safeguard the subsidies that helped support our conferences and fund our voluminous compilations, which were vital tools for our research. (shrink)

1 Evidence-based policy requires researchers to provide the answers to ecological questions that are of interest to policy makers. To find out what those questions are in the UK, representatives from 28 organizations involved in policy, together with scientists from 10 academic institutions, were asked to generate a list of questions from their organizations. 2 During a 2-day workshop the initial list of 1003 questions generated from consulting at least 654 policy makers and academics was used as a basis for (...) generating a short list of 100 questions of significant policy relevance. Short-listing was decided on the basis of the preferences of the representatives from the policy-led organizations. 3 The areas covered included most major issues of environmental concern in the UK, including agriculture, marine fisheries, climate change, ecosystem function and land management. 4 The most striking outcome was the preference for general questions rather than narrow ones. The reason is that policy is driven by broad issues rather than specific ones. In contrast, scientists are frequently best equipped to answer specific questions. This means that it may be necessary to extract the underpinning specific question before researchers can proceed. 5 Synthesis and applications. Greater communication between policy makers and scientists is required in order to ensure that applied ecologists are dealing with issues in a way that can feed into policy. It is particularly important that applied ecologists emphasize the generic value of their work wherever possible. (shrink)

In this interview, Jean-Luc Marion recalls the intellectual world of Paris in 1970s, reflecting on how his engagement with the ubiquitous “death of God” question led to the sketches of God without Being first presented at this 1979 Colloquium, and discusses the criticism it provoked not only from Heideggerians but also from Thomists. He discusses the reception history of phenomenology in France the reasons for the particular power it gained among thinkers of his generation. Finally, he recounts how his (...) work has led from the 1979 Colloquium through the “Theological Turn” and up to his forthcoming D’ ailleurs, la révélation, which he briefly previews here. Marion closes with words on originality, criticism, and the particular challenges of the contemporary world that await philosophical thinking today. (shrink)

BackgroundIn the Canadian Alliance for Healthy Hearts and Minds (CAHHM) cohort, participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, heart, and abdomen, that generated incidental findings (IFs). The approach to managing these unexpected results remain a complex issue. Our objectives were to describe the CAHHM policy for the management of IFs, to understand the impact of disclosing IFs to healthy research participants, and to reflect on the ethical obligations of researchers in future MRI studies.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2019, 8252 participants (...) (mean age 58 ± 9 years, 54% women) were recruited with a follow-up questionnaire administered to 909 participants (40% response rate) at 1-year. The CAHHM policy followed a restricted approach, whereby routine feedback on IFs was not provided. Only IFs of severe structural abnormalities were reported.ResultsSevere structural abnormalities occurred in 8.3% (95% confidence interval 7.7–8.9%) of participants, with the highest proportions found in the brain (4.2%) and abdomen (3.1%). The majority of participants (97%) informed of an IF reported no change in quality of life, with 3% of participants reporting that the knowledge of an IF negatively impacted their quality of life. Furthermore, 50% reported increased stress in learning about an IF, and in 95%, the discovery of an IF did not adversely impact his/her life insurance policy. Most participants (90%) would enrol in the study again and perceived the MRI scan to be beneficial, regardless of whether they were informed of IFs. While the implications of a restricted approach to IF management was perceived to be mostly positive, a degree of diagnostic misconception was present amongst participants, indicating the importance of a more thorough consent process to support participant autonomy.ConclusionThe management of IFs from research MRI scans remain a challenging issue, as participants may experience stress and a reduced quality of life when IFs are disclosed. The restricted approach to IF management in CAHHM demonstrated a fair fulfillment of the overarching ethical principles of respect for autonomy, concern for wellbeing, and justice. The approach outlined in the CAHHM policy may serve as a framework for future research studies.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct02220582. (shrink)

Le nom de Jean Beaufret est lié à celui de Martin Heidegger qu'il fut le premier à introduire en France peu après la guerre. Il est également celui d'un philosophe de race à la langue toujours claire et percutante qui a su retracer le cheminement intellectuel de l'existentialisme dans ses rapports notamment au marxisme et à la pensée grecque classique. Qu'ils parlent de Kierkegaard, de Husserl, de Sartre et, naturellement, de Heidegger, les textes réunis ici constituent la meilleure des (...) initiations aux philosophies de l'existence. Et par là même une invitation à réfléchir à la situation de l'homme par rapport au monde qui l'investit. (shrink)

Ce recueil d'articles est un temoignage de l'elargissement du domaine d'investigations du Centre de Recherches sur Hegel et l'Idealisme Allemand de Poitiers, qui, sous la direction de Jean-Louis Vieillard-Baron, s'est attache a mettre l'hegelianisme en debat en le confrontant aux grandes figures philosophiques, depuis Kant jusqu'au dernier Schelling, qui dominerent l'epoque de sa formation, comme de son rayonnement et de sa reception. Il se presente comme un etat des lieux de l'historiographie actuelle, soucieuse d'interroger les grandes oeuvres de la (...) tradition idealiste allemande en les mesurant aux perspectives divergentes ouvertes tant par la phenomenologie husserlienne et heideggerienne que par le cognitivisme et la psychanalyse. (shrink)

Dans cet entretien, Jean-Luc Marion remet en cause la pertinence à la fois du concept de pouvoir et de la question même de l’« au-delà » du pouvoir dans la mesure où tous deux demeurent prisonniers du régime de la métaphysique. De son point de vue, certains phénomènes identifiés par la philosophie contemporaine – tel celui de l’appel – rendent inopérants ce régime et les concepts (pouvoir, puissance, force, faiblesse) qu’il peut configurer. Délivrés du pouvoir aussi bien que du (...) non-pouvoir, ces phénomènes procèdent de ce que Marion propose d’appeler l’impouvoir. (shrink)

Historien de la philosophie, Jean-Luc Marion est l'un des philosophes français contemporains les plus discutés, les plus commentés et les plus traduits aujourd'hui. La rigueur d'une oeuvre aussi riche que dense rend ainsi très précieuse cette conversation. Le philosophe y revient sur quelques grandes figures qui ont marqué sa vie (Ferdinand Alquié, Louis Bouyer, Emmanuel Levinas qu'il a remplacé à la Sorbonne, Jean-Marie Lustiger dont il a pris la place à l'Académie française...). Il évoque également les grandes étapes (...) de son travail, et rend compte de la dynamique d'une quête philosophique jamais éteinte. Philosophe-phare du catholicisme français, il offre enfin un éclairage neuf et très original sur l'état de l'Eglise et le dialogue judéo-chrétien. (shrink)

L’oeuvre de Jean-Luc Nancy - une des plus importantes aujourd'hui - aura traversé plus qu'une expérience de pensée. La richesse et la complexité de ses analyses, de ses références, de son engagement intellectuel sont d'une densité rare. Rien ne lui aura échappé : histoire de la philosophie, métaphysique, politique, déconstruction, théologie, esthétique, art, littérature... Les entretiens passe en revue ces différents registres de la pensée sans jamais céder à l'exigence philosophique qui caractérise ce partage à deux voix. Ce dialogue (...) entre Danielle Cohen-Levinas et Jean-Luc Nancy a commencé depuis longtemps, un peu sur le mode d'une forme musicale, telle qu'on la trouve à l'époque classique et baroque. L'inventeur de l'invention est Jean-Sébastien Bach. Il s'agit ici d'une invention à deux voix, qui se déploie dans le temps sans jamais viser sa finalité ou sans jamais toucher à sa fin. (shrink)

Les textes de Jean Trouillard traversent le temps sans encombre. Clarté et simplicité d'un questionnement qui va droit à l'essentiel et ne se laisse jamais ensevelir par l'érudition. Accompagnant les deux livres fondateurs sur Plotin et les deux livres tardifs sur Proclus, une quantité considérable d'articles méritait mieux que la poussière des bibliothèques. Par souci de cohérence, nous n'avons retenu que les textes sur les néoplatoniciens (en écartant les plus brefs), parmi lesquels l'auteur plaçait Jean Scot Erigène comme (...) représentant tardif articulant néoplatonisme et christianisme. Jean Trouillard a concentré ses recherches sur Plotin dans les années 1940 et 1950, sur Proclus dans les années 1960 et 1970, sur Erigène dans les années 1970 et 1980. Le présent recueil suit ainsi son travail, qui correspond aussi à l'ordre chronologique des auteurs. Une première partie porte sur le néoplatonisme, qui commence "le jour où les platoniciens se mettent à chercher dans le Parménide le secret de la philosophie de Platon". Cette partie peut également se lire comme une autobiographie intellectuelle. Une deuxième partie porte sur Plotin, le plotinisme étant selon l'auteur "un des plus grands efforts pour transfigurer l'une par l'autre l'exigence religieuse et la vie de l'esprit, le dépouillement mystique et la rigueur critique". Une troisième partie est consacrée à la pensée de Proclus, qui est "une analyse de l'âme déployant en elle-même l'intégralité des puissances de l'Un". L'ouvrage se termine par une partie sur Erigène, qui a su réinventer l'intuition néoplatonicienne et l'articuler à sa foi, libérant "la vie religieuse de tout ce en quoi elle tend sans cesse à s'emprisonner", si "la Déité n'est pas manifestable". A travers ces analyses, le souffle très ancien de l'Un vient à nouveau caresser nos oreilles, dans sa rigueur spéculative et sa surprenante modernité. (shrink)

Mentoring Away the Glass Ceiling in Academia: A Cultured Critique describes how women of diverse backgrounds perceive their mentoring experiences or the lack of mentoring experiences in the academy. This book provides a space for envisioning strategies and practices to improve mentoring practices and the collegiate environment.

These two thinkers confront the issues surrounding public support for the arts through d'Alembert's original proposal, Rousseau's attack, and the first English translation of d'Alembert's response as well as correspondence relating to the exchange.".

Though traditional accounts of moral development focus on the development of rational and deliberate thinking, recent work in developmental affective neuroscience suggests that moral cognition is tightly related to affective and emotional processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies show age-related changes in response to empathy-eliciting stimuli, with a gradual shift from the monitoring of somatovisceral responses in young children mediated by the amygdala, insula and medial aspect of the orbitofrontal cortex, to the executive control and evaluation of emotion processing implemented (...) by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in older participants. These data indicate that the development of moral reasoning involves the increasing integration of empathic emotion-related somatovisceral responses with more complex social-reasoning abilities. (shrink)

Inspiring and distinctive, After Meaning provides a radical challenge to the way in which international law is thought and practised. Jean d'Aspremont asserts that the words and texts of international law, as forms, never carry or deliver meaning but, instead, perpetually defer meaning and ensure it is nowhere found within international legal discourse. In challenging the dominant meaning-centrism of the international legal discourse and shedding light on the sovereignty of forms, this book promotes a radical new attitude towards textuality (...) in international law. The author offers new perspectives on interpretation, critique, history, comparison, translation and referencing, inviting international lawyers to reinvent their engagement with these discourses. Chapters define meaning and form in international law, explore deferral of meaning and make an unprecedented use of post-structuralist theory to rethink international law. After Meaning will be an essential reference point for legal scholars, researchers and students who seek to understand a different way of thinking about meaning in international law. The book's engagement with post-structuralism will also prove beneficial to anyone interested in the philosophy of language and literary theory. (shrink)

This is a transcription of Jean d’Ormesson’s speech at UNESCO at the 50th anniversary celebrations of Diogenes in 2003. He describes the journal’s origins, inspirations and editors, and the unique place it occupies in the promotion of international, interdisciplinary scholarship.

ABSTRACT:Anomie is a condition in which normative guidelines for governing conduct are absent. Using survey data from a sample of U.S. manufacturing firms, we explore the impact of internal (cultural) and external (environmental) determinants of organizational anomie. We suggest that four internal organizational factors can generate or suppress organizational anomie, including strategic aggressiveness, long-term orientation, competitor orientation, and strategic flexibility. Similarly, we argue that external contextual factors, including competitive intensity and technological turbulence, can influence organizational anomie. We extend anomie and (...) ethics research by considering the impact of these firm cultural and environmental factors according to whether firms are publicly-traded or privately-held. Findings demonstrate that a number of firm cultural and environmental factors can generate or reduce anomie in firms. Moreover, strategic aggressiveness, long-term orientation, and strategic flexibility influence organizational anomie differently depending on whether the firm is publicly-traded or privately-held. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed. (shrink)

There is a new Bayesian, or probabilistic, paradigm in the psychology of reasoning, with new psychological accounts of the indicative conditional of natural language. In psychological experiments in this new paradigm, people judge that the probability of the indicative conditional, P(if A then C), is the conditional probability of C given A, P(C | A). In other experiments, participants respond with what has been called the 'de- fective' truth table: they judge that if A then C is true when A (...) holds and C holds, is false when A holds and C does not, and is neither true nor false when A does not hold. We argue that these responses are not 'defective' in any negative sense, as many psychologists have implied. We point out that a number of normative researchers, including de Finetti, have proposed such a table for various coherent interpretations of the third value. We review the relevant general tables in the normative literature, in which there is a third value for A and C and the logically compound forms of the natural language conditional, negation, conjunction, disjunction, and the material conditional. We describe the results of an experiment on which of these tables best describes ordinary people's judgements when the third value is interpreted as indicating uncertainty. (shrink)

Relational ethics is at the heart of narrative inquiry; it should guide and shape all forms of narrative inquiry. This books takes on a conceptual framework for the practice of relational ethics in research, using a broadly ontological approach. It can be read as a standalone text or in conjunction with Engaging in Narrative Inquiry and Engaging in Narrative Inquiry with Children and Youth to give an in-depth discourse around the main issues in narrative inquiry research.

In the Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training program (MB-EAT) (Kristeller and Wolever, 2014; Kristeller and Wolever, in press), mindfulness practice is taught, mindful eating is cultivated, and self-acceptance and spiritual well-being are enhanced. An integrative concept is the value of cultivating ‘wisdom’ in regard to creating a new and sustainable relationship to eating and food. ‘Wisdom’ refers to drawing on personal experience and understanding in a flexible, insightful manner, rather than strictly following external rules and guidelines. Several clinical trials involving variations (...) of MB-EAT have documented substantive improvement in how people relate to their eating, including individuals with both binge eating disorder (BED) and subclinical eating issues. Based on the traditional value of contemplative practices for cultivating spiritual engagement, and on evidence from related research showing that spiritual well-being increases in the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program and is related to other effects, we hypothesized that the MB-EAT program would also engage this aspect of experience, as assessed by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Spiritual Well-Being subscale (FACIT-Sp), and that increases in spiritual well-being would relate to other measures of adjustment such as emotional balance and improvement in disordered eating. Participants (N = 117) with moderate to morbid obesity, including 25.6% with BED, were randomly assi... (shrink)

Ne vers 1180 a Aurillac, mort le 30 mars 1249, Guillaume d'Auvergne est nomme eveque de Paris des 1228. Son oeuvre est contemporaine de la querelle de l'aristotelisme qui gagne la faculte de theologie, et du bouleversement de l'histoire theorique qui l'accompagne. Quelle est la cause efficiente de la pensee? D'ou vient l'intelligible necessairement present dans l'ame qui pense? C'est a cela que repondent les neuf premieres parties du chapitre sept du De anima, ecrit vers 1240. La noetique de Guillaume (...) d'Auvergne, complexe, s'y deploie et sensiblement se demarque de l' augustinisme avicennisant qui traditionnellement la caracterise. L'ame, dans son rapport au sensible, est principium agens, lectrice, en tant qu'elle pense, d'un livre dont elle-meme est l'auteur, et dont la verite se passe en partie de l'illumination divine. (shrink)

After several recent special issues, conceived and prepared successively by R. H. Robbins and E. M. Uhlenbeck (no. 153, ‘The Cultural Heritage: Languages in Peril”), Y. M. Coppens (no. 155, “From the Heavens to the Mind”), M. Matarasso (no. 158, “Shamans and Shamanism: On the Threshold of a New Millennium”), Diogenes turned to Julio Labastida, coordinator of the study of the social sciences at the National University of Mexico and contributing editor to Diogenes (he is in charge of the Spanish (...) edition), and asked him to gather together for the current issue a certain number of articles devoted to themes related to the five-hundredth anniversary of America's “discovery” and its entry into a unified world. (shrink)

For more than forty years, Diogenes has been striving, with the limited resources at its disposal, to mark the progress of the human sciences around the world. The journal emerged from the encounter between an institution and a person. The institution was the Conseil international de la philosophie et des sciences humaines (CIPSH) that was founded under the auspices and on the initiative of UNESCO with the aim of regrouping a variety of different international associations in the field of Geisteswissenschaften; (...) the person was Roger Caillois, then an international civil servant with UNESCO. The CIPSH wanted to equip itself with an organ of international scholarly communication that was capable of serving as a bond and link between its various member associations. (shrink)

Unesco's first Philosophical Encounters were held last year at Paris on the theme of “What Do We Not Know?” and they were a great success. Diogenes published some of the papers by participants in its No. 169. A second meeting was held from March 27-30, 1996, devoted to a question as simple and difficult as that of the first: “Who Are We?” Once again this journal will not be able to publish all contributions, but is fortunate enough to present at (...) least some of them to its readers. (shrink)