Este pequeno volume (160 pp.) reúne as intervenções no colóquio com o mesmo título realizado na Faculdade de Ciências Humanas no ano de 2004. O habitual lapso de tempo prolongado entre estes encontros e a publicação dos seus resultados resulta, neste caso, interessante, atendendo às evoluções que se verificaram em tantos (todos?) os temas propostos pela organização desta conferência internacional e desenvolvidos pelos participantes (no caso da intervenção de José Cutileiro, esse lapso é abert...

In this essay I argue that epistemic injustices can be understood and explained as social pathologies of recognition, and that this way of conceptualizing epistemic injustices can help us develop proper diagnostic and corrective treatments for them. I distinguish between two different kinds of recognition deficiency—quantitative recognition deficits and misrecognitions—and I ague that while the rectification of the former simply requires more recognition, the rectification of the latter calls for a shift in the mode of recognition, that is, a deep (...) transformation of the recognition dynamics so that other forms of recognition can emerge. Arguing against incremental recognitional approaches that aim only at increasing social visibility/audibility, I examine communicative dysfunctions around the phenomenon of racist violence in order to show how problems of misrecognition persist and become recalcitrant even when quantitative recognition deficits disappear. (shrink)

Evolutionary game theory and public goods games offer an important framework to understand cooperation during pandemics. From this perspective, the COVID-19 situation can be conceptualized as a dilemma where people who neglect safety precautions act as free riders, because they get to enjoy the benefits of decreased health risk from others’ compliance with policies despite not contributing to or even undermining public safety themselves. At the same time, humans appear to carry a suite of evolved psychological mechanisms aimed at curbing (...) free riding in order to ensure the continued provision of public goods, which can be leveraged to develop more effective measures to promote compliance with regulations. We also highlight factors beyond free riding that reduce compliance rates, such as the emergence of conspiratorial thinking, which seriously undermine the effectiveness of measures to suppress free riding. Together, the current paper outlines the social dynamics that occur in public goods dilemmas involving the spread of infectious disease, highlights the utility and limits of evolutionary game-theoretic approaches for COVID-19 management, and suggests novel directions based on emerging challenges to cooperation. (shrink)

The architecture of brain, consciousness, and behavioral processes is shown to be formally similar in that all three may be conceived and depicted as Petri net patterned processes structured by a series of elements occurring or becoming active in stochastic succession, in parallel, with different rhythms of temporal iteration, and with a distinct qualitative manifestation in the spatiotemporal domain. A patterned process theory is derived from the isomorphic features of the models and contrasted with connectionist, dynamic system notions. This empirically (...) derived formulation is considered to be optimally compatible with the dual aspect theory in that the foundation of the diverse aspects would be a highly structured and dynamic process, the psychophysical neutral “ground” of mind and matter posed (but not properly determined) by dual aspect and neutral monist theories. It is methodologically sound to approach each one of these processes with specific tools and to establish concurrences in real time between them at the organismic level of analysis. Such intra‐level and inter‐perspective correlations could eventually constitute psychophysical bridge‐laws. A mature psychology of consciousness is necessary to situate and verify the bridges required by a genuine mind‐body science. (shrink)

Este trabajo pretende mostrar las líneas generales de la propuesta humeana de una teoría de la evolución de las instituciones en clave utilitarista; en segundo lugar, analizará la objeción interna a esta teoría que supone la existencia de posibles sujetos no cooperadores pero inteligentes, en tercer lugar, intentará también defender dicha teoría de la acusación externa de no tener un auténtico carácter normativo; y al no haber desarrollado el propio Hume con detalle su contestación al problema del conflicto Moral/Racionalidad, tal (...) y como surge en el contexto de su discusión de la Knavery, finalmente, y en cuarto lugar, este trabajo, yendo en un cierto sentido algo más allá de lo propuesto por Hume, ensayará un argumento post-humeano en torno a ese conflicto, basado, por una parte, en el reconocimiento de la multidimensionalidad de la Moral, así como en la paralela aceptación de la necesidad de un ajuste contextual de ésta, asentado sobre consideraciones primaria, que no exclusivamente, utilitaristas. (shrink)

It has been often claimed that physicalism challenges the explanatory autonomy of psychological sciences. Most who advocate for such explanatory autonomy and do not want to renounce to physicalism, presuppose a causalist account of explanatoriness and try to demonstrate that, adequately construed, (causal) psychological explanations are compatible with (some sufficient version of) physicalism. In Sect. 1 we summarize the different theses and assumptions involved in the seeming conflict between explanatory autonomy and physicalism. In Sect. 2 we review the main attempts (...) to make them compatible assuming a causalist account of explanation and argue that none succeeds. In Sect. 3 we introduce a recent, non-causalist account of scientific explanation as ampliative, specialized embedding (ASE) that has been successfully applied to other fields. In Sect. 4 we apply ASE to elucidate two paradigmatic cognitive explanations of psychological phenomena: déjà vu and action production. We conclude that ASE elucidates well the autonomy of the cognitive explanations of these phenomena independently of what finally happens with the causal exclusion problem and that it may be generalized to other psychological explanations. (shrink)

I provide a construal of the epistemic regress problem and I take issue with the contention that a foundationalist solution is incompatible with an internalist account of warrant. I sketch a foundationalist solution to the regress problem that respects a plausible version of internalism. I end with the suggestion that the strategy that I have presented is not available only to the traditional versions of foundationalism that ascribe foundational status to experiential beliefs. It can also be used to generate a (...) version of internalist foundationalism based on reliabilist principles. (shrink)

I use some ideas of Keith DeRose's to develop an (invariantist!) account of why sceptical reasoning doesn't show that I don't know that I'm not a brain in a vat. I argue that knowledge is subject to the risk-of-error constraint: a true belief won’t have the status of knowledge if there is a substantial risk of the belief being in error that hasn’t been brought under control. When a substantial risk of error is present (i.e. beliefs in propositions that are (...) false in nearby worlds), satisfying the constraint requires bringing the risk under control. This is achieved either by sensitivity, i.e. you wouldn’t have the belief if it were false, or by identifying evidence for the proposition. However, when the risk of error is not substantial (i.e. beliefs in propositions that are not false in nearby worlds), the constraint is satisfied by default. My belief that I am not a brain in a vat is insensitive and I have no evidence for it, but since it is not false in nearby worlds, it satisfies the constraint by default. (shrink)

My dissertation examines several proleptic bases running through Immanuel Kant’s philosophy of history. After setting preliminary ground to frame Kant’s hopeful historical viewpoint, I attempt to address and answer problems such as Yirmiyahu Yovel’s notion of “the historical antinomy” by trying to bridge the gap between reason and empirical history; to extricate Kant from Arthur Danto’s inclusion of him in a group of “substantive philosophers of history,” who all share the characteristic of presenting “prophetic” accounts of the future; as well (...) as to offer an original reading of Kant’s use of Seneca’s phrase, “Ducunt volentum fata, nolentem trahunt,” as it appears in two of the socio-political essays. Ultimately, I argue that it would be a betrayal of Kantian hope to forfeit the presumption, however unknowable, that there are teleological principles operating in history, thereby resigning ourselves to the “dismal reign of chance” (trostloses Ungefähr), a caveat that humanity cannot afford to dismiss. (shrink)

Vimos anteayer cómo este tema, Prosopopeya del filosofo, esto es, cómo el hablar el filósofo de sí mismo es algo necesario al filósofo, particularmente en la actualidad, y ello es así porque en la actualidad la Filosofía se encuentra en una crisis respecto de sí misma, sobre la cual los pormenores indispensables van a ser dados hoy. El filósofo necesita preguntarse en qué consiste la Filosofía, esto es, su propio ser, y necesita preguntárselo para saber si ha de perseverar en (...) ese su ser o, por el contrario, debe decirle adiós a la Filosofía. (shrink)

O esforço de perseverar na existência substitui, na Modernidade, o milenar imaginário finalista do desejo governado pela reta razão. Entre nascimento e morte, a conservação de si marca a singularidade humana e tece a irredutível individualidade de nossas vidas. As pesquisas ambientais e os estudos de biótica retornam das nascentes da racionalidade moderna com o mapa da incomensurabilidade dos conflitos e o enigma de uma era perdida. A articulação do presente artigo é feita na contramão da opinião pós-moderna dominante. O (...) texto argumenta a favor da expansão estatal da responsabilidade difusa para lidar a contento com os desafios complexos do mundo contemporâneo. (shrink)

Reflection on the development of bioethics in pharmaceutical professional organizations. Professional excellence Reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento da Bioética nas organizações profissionais farmacêuticas. A excelência profissional For some years, the collegiate organizations of the pharmaceutical profession are being challenged, not only by external agents, but also by the professionals themselves. There is a certain criticism in the response, especially in aspects that have to do with the role they must play in the development and activity of professional practice, in their domestic, (...) external and internal purposes and in the characteristics they must possess as organizations in service of these professionals and society. We understand that the development, revision and updating of Bioethics, as well as training in this field in professional organizations, contributes to that transcendent excellence in the profession, provokes a real knowledge of it in all its dimensions and with the power to act in total freedom from threats or internal or external restrictions. Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Centenera-Jaraba JI, López-Guzmán J. Reflexión acerca del desarrollo de la bioética en las organizaciones profesionales farmacéuticas. La excelencia profesional. Pers Bioet. 2019; 23: 49-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2019.23.1.4 Recepción: 15/02/2018 Aceptación: 16/04/2019. (shrink)

No verão de 1957 a União Soviética recebeu mais de 30 mil jovens do mundo todo reunidos para o Sexto Festival Mundial da Juventude em Moscou. Os soviéticos se apresentavam para o mundo de uma nova forma, na tentativa de mostrar um socialismo renovado e muito mais humano, antagonizando com os anos de Josef Stalin no poder. Moscou não era uma capital comunista sombria e atrasada, mas uma cidade moderna e colorida. Durante o festival, todos os cinemas, circos, exposições, eventos (...) esportivos e transportes públicos foram abertos ao público. Os partidos comunistas em todo o mundo foram instruídos a enviar tantos jovens não-comunistas quanto possível, a ideia é que todos poderiam participar independente das convicções políticas e religiosas. Os tradicionais símbolos da foice e do martelo e as faces de Stalin e Mao Tsé-Tung deram lugar à pomba branca de Pablo Picasso sob o lema “por paz e amizade”. Ainda em Moscou, criaram a Rádio Festival que transmitiu sua programação em espanhol e com diversas músicas latinas, o evento era todo voltado aos jovens do chamado Terceiro Mundo. (shrink)

It can be stated that self-regulated learning (SRL) brings broad benefits to the process of students' learning and studying. However, research has yet to be undertaken in relation to one of its components, namely self-regulation of motivation and affectivity. The main objectives of this study are to examine the use of self-motivation strategies that involve classmates and to obtain models on the influence of academic goals and self-efficacy on such self-motivation strategies. To this end, was conducted a study using two (...) different samples of students in the compulsory secondary education or baccalaureate stages in Spain (N = 613 and N = 910). The results obtained indicate that, with regard to gender, differences only exist in the use of the strategy of deception (t = 5.450, p <.001, d =.364). That the two pairs of strategies positively and significantly correlated with one another (r =.239, p <.01 and r =.355, p <.01). That only the strategy of annulation of others correlates with a more adaptive type of motivation. Thus, the group of students that reported the greatest level in its use also did so in relation to task and ego self-enhancing goals, to self-efficacy, and being negatively associated with the goal of work avoidance. Finally, were offered models on relationships between academic goals, self-efficacy and enhancement and annulation strategies (χ² (8) = 5.204, p =.736) and deception and annulation strategies (χ² (4) = 3.228, p =.520). (shrink)

Neste artigo,o autor investiga o enorme interesse de Heidegger por Nietzsche, tomando como ponto de referência a noção de eterno retorno e procurando investigar como se desenvolve, na análise heideggeriana, o componente metafísico da referida noção.

Com muita frequência encontramos comentadores da obra de Søren Kierkegaard que procuram ultrapassar a diversidade e a heterogeneidade interna da produção kierkegaardiana mediante processos de redução à unidade, em particular transformando o filósofo dinamarquês exclusivamente num pensador religioso. A título de exemplo, o presente artigo começa por abordar a leitura que Jean Starobinski oferece desse tipo de redução. Subsequentemente o artigo procura caracterizar em pormenor a diversidade e a heterogeneidade kierkegaardianas e encontrar para elas um tipo de resposta baseado em (...) pressupostos de natureza hermenêutica, designadamente numa teoria da singularidade e da universalidade da experiência que consiga ultrapassar os extremos de uma dicotomia radical entre unidade a todo o custo e multiplicidade inoperante. A última parte deste trabalho trata de exemplificar a aplicabilidade dos conceitos de singularidade e de universalidade numa sequência de casos concretos da produção de Kierkegaard, concluindo pela integração de tais conceitos numa compreensão da construção da subjectividade existencial do leitor dessa produção. (shrink)

Using Iris Marion Young’s framework, this essay looks at racial violence as one of the many “faces” of racial oppression. In the light of this analysis I argue that the fight against racial violence requires much more than identifying the perpetrators of such violence and bringing them to justice; it requires, I argue, thick critical engagements with multiple publics and institutions and with society at large, engagements that are not only cognitive and argumentative but also affective, imaginal, and action-oriented. My (...) argument about the broad range of thick critical engagements needed in anti-racist-violence activism focuses especially on what I term epistemic activism, which refers to the critical activities of denouncing, contesting, and resisting the cognitive-affective attitudes and sensibilities that facilitate complicity with racial oppression and with racial violence. My analysis pays particular attention to the role that affectivity plays in complicity with racial violence and how affective attitudes can be used in epistemic activism to disrupt complicity and to mobilize people in the fight against racial violence. My analysis and argumentation are developed through a case study of epistemic activism: the activism against racial violence in the United States and the changes in public life and institutional recognition that activist organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Equal Justice Initiative have aimed to promote. (shrink)

Dual aspect theory has conceptual advantages over alternative mind-body notions, but difficulties of its own. The nature of the underlying psychophysical ground, for one, remains problematic either in terms of the principle of complementarity or if mind and matter are taken to be aspects of something like energy, movement, or information. Moreover, for a dual aspect theory to be plausible it should avoid the four perils of all mind-body theories: epiphenomenalism, reductionism, gross panpsychism, and the problems of emergence. An alternative (...) dual aspect theory, patterned process theory, is introduced and defended in neurological and individuality terms. The concept is grounded in a brain model of hierarchies wherein consciousness is conceived to be a cognitive aspect of the highest emergent brain inter-module activity, which is situated in the context of a living organism coping with a changing environment. The notion of individuals as psychophysical units unfolding as patterned processes is shown to constitute an integrative approach to brain, consciousness, and behavior that can avoid the conceptual perils and meet the ontological requirements of dual aspect reality and thereby advance the foundations of an integrative mind-body science. (shrink)

An account of predicate reference is presented which attempts to steer a middle course between reductionism, which construes the notion in terms of speakers' inclinations, and {transcendent) realism, which construes the notion in terms of properties. It is first introduced in the context of a discussion of the accounts of length (distance) advanced by Hans Reichenbach, Adolf Grünbaum and Hilary Putnam. A general account of predicate reference is then developed that explains the notion in terms of speakers' inclinations, while rejecting (...) the idea that this explanation should take the form of a reduction. The view is presented as a vindication of extreme nominalism, as it explains predicate reference solely in terms of the notion of qualia introduced by C.I. Lewis and developed by Nelson Goodman, which, it is argued, is definable in terms of speakers' classificatory propensities. Some connections are explored between the position that is presented and the views of Michael Dummett, John McDowell, Mark Johnston and Hilary Putnam, among others. (shrink)

Given the recent interest in the fragment of system $\mathbf{F}$ where universal instantiation is restricted to atomic formulas, a fragment nowadays named system ${\mathbf{F}}_{\textbf{at}}$, we study directly in system $\mathbf{F}$ new conversions whose purpose is to enforce that restriction. We show some benefits of these new atomization conversions: they help achieving strict simulation of proof reduction by means of the Russell–Prawitz embedding of $\textbf{IPC}$ into system $\mathbf{F}$, they are not stronger than a certain ‘dinaturality’ conversion known to generate a consistent (...) equality of proofs, they provide the bridge between the Russell–Prawitz embedding and another translation, due to the authors, of $\textbf{IPC}$ directly into system ${\mathbf{F}}_{\textbf{at}}$ and they give means for explaining why the Russell–Prawitz translation achieves strict simulation whereas the translation into ${\mathbf{F}}_{\textbf{at}}$ does not. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, EarlyView.

To the sceptic's contention that I don't know that I have hands because I don't know that there is an external world, the Moorean replies that I know that there is an external world because I know that I have hands. Crispin Wright has argued that the Moorean move is illegitimate, and has tried to block it by limiting the applicability of the principle of the transmission of knowledge by inference—the principle that recognising the validity of an inference from known (...) premises generates knowledge of the conclusion. I argue that, in the presence of some plausible assumptions, blocking the Moorean move does not require limiting the applicability of the transmission principle. Then I argue against Jim Pryor's contention that the Moorean argument transmits evidential support from its premises to its conclusion. (shrink)

Emotional dysregulation, age, gender, and obesity are transdiagnostic risk factors for the development and maintenance of eating disorders. Previous studies found that patients with ED had less meaning in life than the non-clinical population, and that meaning in life acted as a buffer in the course of ED; however, to the data, there are no studies about the mediator role of meaning in life in association between the emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology.Objective: To analyze the mediating role of meaning (...) in life in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology in three samples with diverse risk factors for ED.Method: Sample 1, n = 153 undergraduate young women; sample 2, n = 122 participants with obesity; and sample 3, n = 292 participants with ED. Multiple mediation analysis was performed.Results: Sample 1: meaning in life showed a mediation effect between emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology, body satisfaction, and depression symptoms ; sample 2: meaning in life showed a mediation effect between emotional dysregulation and binge eating and purging behaviors and depression symptoms ; sample 3: meaning in life showed a mediation effect between emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology, body satisfaction, borderline symptoms, and hopelessness.Conclusions: These studies suggest the importance of considering meaning in life as a variable in the onset and maintenance of ED. (shrink)

System analyses deal with interrelationships between different variables that keep the system in balance. In many analysis of complex thinking, a system is viewed as a complex unit in which the ‘whole’ is not reduced to the ‘sum’ of its parts; the system becomes an ambiguous item because it consists of several entities that interact with unforeseen results or, in other words, it is situated at a transdisciplinary level, it is impossible for an area to have a complete reading of (...) its complexity. It was also mentioned that the concept of the open system best describes complexity by stating that ‘the laws of the organization are not equilibrium, but an imbalance that is restored or compensated for by stabilized dynamics’. This idea originated from the field of thermodynamics and the second law, in which the imbalance that it maintains allows the system for an apparent balance. This fragile steady state has something of a paradox, since the structures remain the same, but their constituents are changeable. The concept of open system undoes the door to a theory of evolution that can only derive from the interactions between a system and its ecosystem. Within this systemic approach, the focus of the analysis takes into account the ambiguity, multidisciplinary and complexity associated with system adjustment, i.e. it is intended to qualify an employee job based on their experience and knowledge as a measure of their impact on the organization performance. (shrink)

We present a memorial summary of the professional life and contributions to logic of John Corcoran. We also provide a full list of his many publications.Courtesy of Lynn Corcoran.

A proposta deste trabalho é promover uma leitura dramática entre o Primeiro Alcibíades e o Banquete. Busca-se mostrar que a relação entre Sócrates e Alcibíades é dramatizada com o intuito de promover uma caracterização de um modelo de pedagogia socrática. Essa intertextualidade entre os diálogos permite ver como Sócrates tenta romper com um modelo de formação política comum, representado pela relação entre Alcibíades e Atenas. Diante disso, observa-se uma desventura do filósofo em relação ao jovem. Isso se deve ao fato (...) de o discípulo não se empenhar no principal elemento do processo de formação, a exigência do “cuidado de si” como verdadeiro caminho para a política. No contexto dramático, o personagem do Banquete representa uma falha em relação à promessa feita no Primeiro Alcibíades. De um modo geral, defende-se que a exortação à filosofia e ao cuidado de si feita por Sócrates no Primeiro Alcibíades não alcançou seu objetivo. De fato, é o que se observa no Alcibíades do Banquete, que surge como um tipo de negação do modo de comportamento de Sócrates. Palavras-chave: Sócrates, Alcibíades, Formação Política. (shrink)

After making reference to the socio-cultural context of fin-desiècle Vienna —in which Otto Weininiger’s work appears— I describe in this paper the main characteristics of the influence that Weininger’s Über die letzten Dinge had on Ludwig Wittgenstein. I deal specifically with the way Wittgenstein’s work reflects Weininger’s remarks on criminality, animality, and madness.

Os padres claretianos estiveram reunidos, em julho de 2014, na cidade paulista de Jundiaí, por ocasião dos preparativos do Capítulo Provincial, ocorrido em 2015. Inspirados ‘nas alegrias e nas esperanças, nas tristezas e nas angústias’ apresentadas na Constituição Pastoral GS, n 1, do Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II, os capitulares foram às Fontes do nascimento e do carisma da Congregação. Vivendo as salutares motivações dos 120 anos de presença em terras brasileiras, celebradas em 2015, propuseram estudar a Exortação Apostólica Evangelii Gaudium (...) do Papa Francisco, para entender melhor os desafios pastorais como claretianos na Igreja de Cristo Jesus presente no Brasil e lançaram-se na proposta apresentada pelo Pontífice sobre a Igreja em saída. O Artigo ‘Claretianos e os desafios pastorais – Igreja em saída’ faz parte da minha colaboração aos padres capitulares, que reunidos, buscaram metas e perspectivas, para a presença transformadora e evangelizadora como claretianos no Brasil. (shrink)