Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) is a component-based approach to structural equation modeling (SEM), where latent variables are approximated by weighted composites of indicators. It has no formal mechanism to incorporate errors in indicators, which in turn renders components prone to the errors as well. We propose to extend GSCA to account for errors in indicators explicitly. This extension, called GSCA_M, considers both common and unique parts of indicators, as postulated in common factor analysis, and estimates a weighted composite of (...) indicators with their unique parts removed. Adding such unique parts or uniqueness terms serves to account for measurement errors in indicators in a manner similar to common factor analysis. Simulation studies are conducted to compare parameter recovery of GSCA_M and existing methods. These methods are also applied to fit a substantively well-established model to real data. (shrink)

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly generative AI (Gen AI), becomes increasingly prevalent in nursing education, it is paramount to address the ethical implications of their implementation. This article explores the realm of cyberethics (a field of applied ethics that focuses on the ethical, legal, and social implications of cybertechnology), highlighting the ethical principles of autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and explicability as a roadmap for facilitating AI integration into nursing education. Research findings suggest that ethical dilemmas that (...) challenge these five principles can emerge within the context of nursing education; however, adherence to these very principles, which is essential to improving patient care, can offer solutions to these dilemmas. To ensure the ethical and responsible use of Gen AI in nursing education, these principles must be woven into the fabric of curricula, and appropriate guidelines must be developed. Nurse educators have a pivotal role in strategizing comprehensive approaches for ethical AI integration, establishing clear guidelines, and instilling critical thinking among students. Fostering lifelong learning and adaptability is key to ensuring that future nurses can successfully navigate the constantly evolving landscape of health care technology. Future research should investigate the long-term impacts of AI utilization on learning outcomes and ethical decision-making. (shrink)

Stakeholder theory contends that organizations owe an obligation to other stakeholder groups that extends beyond shareholders. This study uses stakeholder theory to examine which groups public relations practitioners and journalists attend to as well as which attributes—legitimacy, power, and urgency—they highlight. Content analysis of press releases and news stories found that the stakeholder most frequently mentioned in both press releases and newspapers was the shareholder group. Both press releases and news stories focused more on legitimacy than power or urgency for (...) all stakeholders except government. The findings support criticisms that, in general, business news and corporate communications concentrate on the interests of shareholders. The ethical implications from the perspective of stakeholder theory are discussed. (shrink)

This book is a rich blend of analyses by leading experts from various cultures and disciplines. A compact introduction to a complex field, it illustrates biotechnology's profound impact upon the environment and society. Moreover, it underscores the vital relevance of cultural values. This book empowers readers to more critically assess biotechnology's value and effectiveness within both specific cultural and global contexts.

이 글은 ‘천명도’와 ‘천명도설’의 판본문제와 관련된 기존 연구를 재검토한 후, 수정 ㆍ보완할 점이 있다면 새로운 근거를 통해 기존 주장을 수정 ․ 보완하기 위한 목적에서 쓰였다. 정지운이 제작하고 이황이 수정한 ‘천명도’와 ‘천명도설’은 기대승과 이황 간의 ‘사칠논변’을 야기한 근원으로써 조선철학사에서 매우 중요한 가치를 지니고 있다. 이 도식과 도설은 권근의 『입학도설』을 이어서 이황의 『성학십도』로 나아가는 교두보 역할을 하고 있다. 그러므로 권근으로부터 정 지운을 거쳐 이황으로 이르는 조선 성리학의 심성론 흐름을 추적하기 위해서는 ‘천명도’와 ‘천명 도설’의 저자 및 저작시기, 그리고 도식과 그에 대한 해설인 도설의 (...) 관계를 정확하게 규명할 필요가 있다. 그런데 ‘천명도’와 ‘천명도설’을 연구하는 과정에서 어떤 것이 언제 쓰였는지, 무엇이 무엇에 해당하는 해설인지에 대한 검증이 완료되지 않았고, 몇몇 주장의 경우 여전히 문제의 소 지가 있다는 것을 발견하게 되었다. 현재 남아 있는 ‘천명도’는 매우 다양한 이름과 판본을 가지고 있으며, ‘천명도설’ 역시 그렇다. 대략적으로 나열하면 다음과 같다. ‘천명도’의 경우 『천명도해???? 본의 ｢추만정선생천명도｣, ｢퇴계이선생천명도｣, 『천명도설』 본의 ｢천명구도｣, ｢천명신도｣, 『퇴계전서???? 본의 ｢천명구도｣, ｢천명신도｣, 『양선생사칠리기왕복서』 본의 ｢천명도｣ 등이 있다. ‘천명도설’의 경우 『천명도해』 본에 ｢천명도해｣와 ｢천명도설｣이 있고, 『천명도설』 본에 ｢천명도설｣, 『퇴계선생속집』에 ｢천명도설｣이 있다. 여기서 제기되는 문제는 먼저, 각 저작의 저자가 누구인지, 그리고 그 저작물이 언제 작성 되었는지, 각 도설에 해당되는 도식은 무엇인지, 두 저작물을 짝 지운다면 그렇게 짝 지울 수 있는 근거는 무엇인지, 그리고 만약 ‘정본’(正本) 및 ‘정본’(定本)을 선정하는 것이 가능하다면 그것은 무엇인지 등이다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 문제에 대한 답을 찾아 선행연구를 수정 ․ 보완함으로 서 현재까지 미확인된 ‘천명도’ 및 ‘천명도설’ 관련 문서의 연대를 확인하고, 도설과 짝이 되는 도식이 무엇인지, 정본을 찾는 것이 가능하다면 그것이 무엇인지 등을 확인하고자 한다. (shrink)

The notion of ‘wise mother and good wife (WMGW)’ (Hyonmo Yangcho) is the traditional idealized image of Korean womanhood as one who serves her country and others through her roles as a mother and wife. This ideology may continue to have some significance in the lives of many first‐generation Korean immigrant women, but its potential role in the adjustment challenges these women may face while acculturating to the immigrant context in the United States has received little attention. In this paper, (...) we briefly review the historical background of the WMGW ideology and discussed the significance of focusing research attention on the role of this notion in contemporary first‐generation Korean immigrant women in the United States. We focus on the intersecting influences of gender, ethnicity, and immigrants’ generation status, which may further marginalize some first‐generation Korean immigrant mothers. We then outline possible unique challenges faced by some of these mothers due to the WMGW gender ideology, highlighting potential immigration‐related difficulties including changes in their social support networks, parenting burden, mental health, and language issues. Finally, we provide suggestions for researchers and practitioners working with U.S. Korean immigrant women. (shrink)

In his recent article Philosophy Inside Out, Philip Kitcher presents a metaphilosophical outlook that aims at nothing less than a renewal of philosophy. His idea is to draw philosophers’ attention away from “timeless questions” in the so-called “core areas” of philosophy. Instead, philosophers should address questions that matter to human lives. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to reconstruct Kitcher’s view of how philosophy should be renewed; second, to point out some difficulties relating to his position. These difficulties (...) concern the integration of his naturalism into the pragmatic vision of philosophy, the role of putative philosophical experts, and the ideal status of the program of well-ordered inquiry. (shrink)

The controversy between Richard Wagner and his critic Eduard Hanslick is well known, but rarely looked at in detail. It is mostly believed that Hanslick was unable to see Wagner's genius, stuck deeply in an antiquated aesthetical world. By reassessing Wagner's and Hanslick's letters and publications it can be seen, however, that Hanslick's detailed criticism (and also appreciation) was much more objective and less spiteful than is often assumed.

Extended redundancy analysis is a statistical method that relates multiple sets of predictors to response variables. In ERA, the conventional approach of model evaluation tends to overestimate the performance of a model since the performance is assessed using the same sample used for model development. To avoid the overly optimistic assessment, we introduce a new model evaluation approach for ERA, which utilizes computer-intensive resampling methods to assess how well a model performs on unseen data. Specifically, we suggest several new model (...) evaluation metrics for ERA that compute a model’s performance on out-of-sample data, i.e., data not used for model development. Although considerable work has been done in machine learning and statistics to examine the utility of cross-validation and bootstrap variants for assessing such out-of-sample predictive performance, to date, no research has been carried out in the context of ERA. We use simulated and real data examples to compare the proposed model evaluation approach with the conventional one. Results show the conventional approach always favor more complex ERA models, thereby failing to prevent the problem of overfitting in model selection. Conversely, the proposed approach can select the true ERA model among many mis-specified models. (shrink)

The expansion of the higher education system and the rationalization of universities in South Korea, while broadly following the global patterns, reflect the characteristics of the national political system. We show the rapid growth of universities and document core organizational changes among universities: the elaboration of faculty performance evaluation rules, the expansion and differentiation of central administrations, and the emergence of engagement in vision statements. These changes, constructing universities as organizational actors, parallel the changes in higher education systems elsewhere. However, (...) the uniqueness of the Korean experience lies with the role of the state as a catalyst guiding the overall direction and the structure and strategy of universities. We discuss the implications of our research for the rationalization of universities in a highly centralized system. (shrink)

There is the widely held view that quantum physics differs fundamentally from classical physics regarding measurements. In order to prepare the ground for settling this question we discuss the consequences it has for classical physics if one includes measurement in the theory. After explaining the terms measurement and error it is argued that every measurement can be reduced to a measurement of length and/or number. Additionally to the wellknown statistical and systematical errors we introduce the concept of classical uncertainty which (...) states that every measurement of a physical quantity _A_ carries a finite inaccuracy Δ_A_. Hence it is transempirical to assign an infinite decimal number to a measurement. This implies that, also in classical physics, only probabilistic predictions are possible and that we need ensembles for the empirical testing of theoretical predictions. Furthermore we rebut the claim that in classical physics measurements can be performed without any disturbance of the system under investigation. Finally we state that by including measurements in the theory itself classical physics like quantum physics can be formulated as an indeterministic theory. Likewise both theories can be formulated deterministically if measurements are excluded from the theory. _German_ Gemäß einer weit verbreiteten Sichtweise gibt es hinsichtlich der Messung in der Quantenphysik und in der klassischen Physik einen grundlegenden Unterschied. Um einer Klärung dieser Frage den Boden zu bereiten, versuchen wir für die klassische Physik die Folgen zu diskutieren, die sich ergeben, wenn man die Messung in die Theorie mit einbezieht. Zunächst wird dafür argumentiert, dass jede Messung auf eine Längenbzw. Zählmessung zurückzuführen ist. Wir führen zusätzlich zu den bekannten Arten von Messfehlern – statistischen und systematischen Fehlern – das Konzept der klassischen Messunschärfe ein, das abbildet, dass jede Messung einer Messgröße _A_ mit einer endlichen Ungenauigkeit Δ_A_ behaftet sein muss. Dies bedeutet insbesondere, dass die Angabe von nichtendlichen Dezimalzahlen für Messwerte transempirisch ist. Die Betrachtung der Messfehler führt zu der Folgerung, dass auch in der klassischen Physik nur mehr Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen getroffen werden können und Messungen an Ensembles zur empirischen Bestätigung theoretischer Vorhersagen nötig sind. Außerdem wird die Behauptung entkräftet, in der klassischen Physik seien im Prinzip Messungen möglich, die den Zustand eines Systems nicht stören. Abschließend stellen wir heraus, dass durch Einbeziehung der Messung in die Theorie die klassische Physik wie die Quantenphysik als indeterministischen Theorie formuliert werden kann, ebenso wie beide ohne Einbeziehung der Messung deterministisch formuliert werden können. (shrink)