In a context of pervasive digitalization of the social world, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the field of education has undergone major changes with the development of digital practices and settings. However, the physical presence of the subjects and the body remain something primordial and irreplaceable in traditional educational processes. Thus, it is often assumed that virtuality is opposed to the corporeal reality of the subjects involved in teaching, learning and studying. In this paper we aim to critically (...) challenge this assumption by addressing the phenomenon of virtuality in a more original sense: as a fundamental dimension of corporeality itself. Drawing on Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological insights, we argue that the experience of the virtual is inherently embodied and fully real. We understand corporeality and virtuality as entangled and multidimensional phenomena. At the same time, this leads us to rethink the digital as only one possible medium in which virtuality can appear as inherent to embodied experience. We develop our phenomenological approach in three instances. First, we question and bracket two common assumptions about corporeality. From our critical perspective, assumptions about a disembodied digitality and a devirtualized corporeality represent extremes within which educational discourses currently move. Second, we address the inherent virtuality of embodied experience. We outline the heuristic concept of the virtual body to describe corporeality and virtuality as entangled and multidimensional phenomena that encompass extension, intercorporeality and intermediality. Finally, we make some remarks on the relationships of corporeality and virtuality considering the challenges of digital education. (shrink)

Few elements of Aristotle’s practical philosophy have been more discussed than the so-called “practical syllogism”. But there are also few as suggestive to the commentators as this one. In this article I intend to define what the theory of practical syllogism would consist in, as a separated element within the Aristotelian ethical theory (or, more precise-ly, within his theory of action). It is not properly a demonstration of the existence of such a theory, but rather of the possibility that it (...) can take its place, even a necessary one, into the Stagirite’s general theory of action, in spite of some difficulties that I try to solve. This conclusion is reached through an analysis of the main elements of this theory. (shrink)

Concebir la nietzscheana voluntad de poder como amor es a la vez un desafío y un reconocimiento. A las páginas de esta obra se asoman las "Madres" de Fausto y los tristes héroes de Milan Kundera. Al fondo, quedamente y llena de gracia, se vislumbra la huella de Friedrich Hölderlin.

En Acerca del cielo I se encuentran cuatro pruebas fundamentales de la cosmología aristotélica, a saber: la prueba de la existencia del éter, la prueba de la finitud del universo, la prueba de su unicidad y la prueba de su ingenerabilidad e incorruptibilidad. Ofrecemos una reconstrucción parcial del conjunto de estas cuatro pruebas para poner en evidencia que ellas utilizan un grupo semejante de premisas y definiciones. En efecto, nuestro propósito es mostrar que dicho conjunto de pruebas utiliza los mismos (...) principios y, de este modo, que en una reconstrucción axiomática del total de pruebas podemos hallar un número semejante, o incluso mayor, de premisas que de conclusiones. Así, encontramos una forma alternativa para una axiomatización posible en Acerca del cielo de Aristóteles. In On The Heavens there are four crucial proofs of Aristotelian cosmology, namely: proof of the aether existence, proof of the finitude of the universe, proof of its unicity and proof of its ungenerability and its indestructibility. We do a partial reconstruction of the hole of these four proofs to show that they use a similar set of premises and definitions. In fact, our goal is to show that such set of proofs uses the same principles and, in this way, that in a axiomatic reconstruction of the hole of proofs we can find a similar number, even higher, of premises than conclusions. Thus, we find an alternative way for a possible axiomatization on Aristotle's On The Heavens. (shrink)

The fundamental task of Filosofía de la realidad histórica (Philosophy of Historical Reality) is to put forth historical reality as the ultimate manifestation of reality, as the proper object of philosophy. Ellacuría develops the concept of historical reality as the synthesis of the Hegelian-Marxian dialectic and Xavier Zubiri’s radicalization of Scholastic realism. Historical reality is physical, not conceptual; material, not ideal; concrete, not abstract. Historical reality encompassesthe material, biological, individual, and social moments of reality. And when it is considered in (...) its totality, as a dynamic and differentiated structure of its moments, functions, and relations, historical reality forms a transcendental system—intramundane metaphysics. (shrink)

This chapter offers some insight into Spinoza's understanding of the concept of potentia. As is well known amongst scholars, the concept of potentia is fundamental for Spinoza. From ontology, to ethics and politics, the concept of potentia seems to embody the unity of Spinoza's thought. Unlike E1p9, Spinoza focuses on the independence or in the per se nature of the intelligibility of each attribute. The demonstration of the proposition recalls both the definition of the attribute and the definition of substance (...) as explanations. Having more reality, Spinoza states, means having more powers or strength, that is, more potentia to exist. The chapter shows that Spinoza's radical ontology of power emerges in the propositions preparing the consideration of God's necessary existence, namely E1p9–10. (shrink)

El cordobés Damián de Castro, gran exponente de la platería rococó española en la centuria dieciochesca, realizó junto a otros artífices diferentes piezas para el cardenal Delgado y Venegas, arzobispo hispalense entre 1776 y 1781. Hoy muchas de estas piezas las podemos contemplar en las vitrinas de nuestro museo catedralicio, sin embargo la existencia en su tiempo de diferentes piezas similares produjo cierta confusión en su posterior identificación. En este nuevo trabajo intentaremos desentrañar las dudas sobre dos de las más (...) vistosas piezas del tesoro de nuestro templo mayor: las dos bandejas de plata sobredorada que, ejecutadas en un exuberante y depurado rococó, deslumbran al visitante con sus fúlgidos destellos y atrevido diseño. (shrink)

The growing use of genetic tests in medical practice has a strong influence on some widespread notions of health and unhealth. Two consequences of this phenomenon are: (i) important changes in the meaning of these current notions and, therefore, (ii) the arrival of a new taxonomy or rearrangement for the so-called “health-concepts”. This paper attempts to demonstrate that both facts fuel a theoretical change that might be considered a model of scientific Kuhnean change in a fundamental aspect. On the other (...) hand, this theoretical shift process offers the basis for approaching a present-day controversy, i.e. whether Western society is going through a period of geneticization or not, from a new perspective. (shrink)

Este trabajo consiste en una aproximación a las razones de la democracia y al papel de la opinión pública en la misma. Contiene también un ensayo conceptual analítico que pretende dar cuenta suficientemente de los elementos definitorios de esos dos conceptos centrales del discurso político y jurídico. Democracia y opinión pública no son realidades identificables de manera indiscutible y no siempre cuando se habla de ellas se hace un uso homogéneo de los términos y de su sentido político. Este trabajo (...) pretende dar respuesta, aunque sea con carácter no definitivo, a algunos de los interrogantes que derivan de las distintas propuestas sobre la democracia y sobre la opinión pública que se han ofrecido por el pensamiento político moderno y contemporáneo. (shrink)

En este artículo se entremezclan las construcciones clásicas de la analogía con estructuras jurídico-positivas que se hacen hoy presentes en la interpretación y aplicación del derecho. El marco de referencia de estos vínculos no puede ser otro que el de una ontología de la relación. Una vez esclarecidas las diferentes elaboraciones doctrinales, se pretende justificar, en primer lugar, que la “analogía de proporcionalidad intrínseca”, cuyo origen se encuentra en la tradición tomista, constituye el fundamento filosófico de la “analogia iuris”, tal (...) como hoy se concibe esta figura en el ámbito de la Teoría del derecho. En segundo lugar, en este trabajo se sostiene que la “analogía de atribución intrínseca”, cuyo origen se encuentra en el genio creador del pensamiento de Suárez, constituye el fundamento filosófico de la analogía legis, tal como se encuentra actualmente regulada esta figura en el Código Civil español. (shrink)

Reseña: Omar García Corona. Una crítica descolonial de la Escuela de Frankfurt. Buenos Aires, Poliedro – Editorial de la Universidad de San Isidro, 2021.

This paper reports the experience of using the PAELLA algorithm as a helper tool in robust regression instead of as originally intended for outlier identification and removal. This novel usage of the algorithm takes advantage of the occurrence vector calculated by the algorithm in order to strengthen the effect of the more reliable samples and lessen the impact of those that otherwise would be considered outliers. Following that aim, a series of experiments is conducted in order to learn how to (...) better use the information contained in the occurrence vector. Using a contrively difficult artificial data set, a reference predictive model is fit using the whole raw dataset. The second experiment reports the results of fitting a similar predictive model but discarding the samples marked as outliers by PAELLA. The third experiment uses the occurrence vector provided by PAELLA in order to classify the observations in multiple bins and fit every possible model changing which bins are considered for fitting and which are discarded in that particular model. The fourth experiment introduces a sampling process before fitting in which the occurrence vector represents the likelihood of being considered in the training data set. The fifth experiment considers the sampling process as an internal step to be performed interleaved between the training epochs. The last experiment compares our approach using weighted neural networks to a state of the art method. (shrink)

Después de varias décadas de discusión en torno a las críticas de JohnSearle al Computacionalismo, y en especial a la Inteligencia Artificial, esconveniente tomar cierta perspectiva. A pesar de la gran influencia de susplanteamientos, ni su experimento mental de “La habitación china” ni sudistinción entre simular y duplicar pueden ser tomados como mostrando lainviabilidad del computacionalismo. El contraste entre “realidades meramentesimuladas” y “auténticas realidades” no es ontológico sino epistemológico.Y su distinción entre simular y duplicar descansa en un uso muyambiguo de (...) las nociones de “causa” y de “poderes causales”. En contra delo pretendido por Searle, no pueden establecerse a priori argumentos concluyentesque apoyen el rechazo del computacionalismo. (shrink)

En la última década se observa una recurrente rehabilitación de la filosofía de Gilbert Simondon para pensar el sentido y los desafíos de las tecnologías digitales para las sociales contemporáneas. En este marco, teniendo como eje las efectuaciones de la noción simondoniana de lo transindividual y la caracterización de las tecnologías digitales (Web 2.0, Big data y machine learning), el artículo reconstruye el campo problemático que establecen un conjunto de lecturas entre 2012 y 2016, particulariza sus operaciones teóricas y pondera (...) sus distintas estrategias. En este sentido, tras introducir el debate entre Bernard Stiegler y Muriel Combes en la década de 1990, se analizan las interpretaciones de Mark Hansen, Antoinette Rouvroy y Thomas Berns, Stiegler y Simon Mills. (shrink)

Augmented Reality is itself a technology in which two ways of seeing are crossed. Our field of vision is thereby superimposed with digital information and images. But before this, the real environment is already perceived by machine seeing, it is redoubled by a 3D-model, scanned, located and linked. In this brief investigation, I will face the way of seeing in AR with traditional procedures, like ‘trompe-l'œil’ and the so-called ‘velo’, to distinguish between what remains classic and what has changed. It (...) is important to examine this as layering, because it is a very thin stack of techniques, technology, materials and media, we seek to watch through. Subsequently, I shall analyze a painting of the contemporary artist Laura Owens in which both ways are crossed, the traditional one and the one concerning AR. (shrink)