Objective: Illness perceptions are important predictors of emotional and behavioral responses in many diseases. The current study aims to investigate the COVID-19-related IP throughout Europe. The specific goals are to understand the temporal development, identify predictors and examine the impacts of IP on perceived stress and preventive behaviors.Methods: This was a time-series-cross-section study of 7,032 participants from 16 European countries using multilevel modeling from April to June 2020. IP were measured with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Temporal patterns were observed (...) considering the date of participation and the date recoded to account the epidemiological evolution of each country. The outcomes considered were perceived stress and COVID-19 preventive behaviors.Results: There were significant trends, over time, for several IP, suggesting a small decrease in negativity in the perception of COVID-19 in the community. Age, gender, and education level related to some, but not all, IP. Considering the self-regulation model, perceptions consistently predicted general stress and were less consistently related to preventive behaviors. Country showed no effect in the predictive model, suggesting that national differences may have little relevance for IP, in this context.Conclusion: The present study provides a comprehensive picture of COVID-19 IP in Europe in an early stage of the pandemic. The results shed light on the process of IP formation with implications for health-related outcomes and their evolution. (shrink)

Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease pandemic fundamentally disrupted humans’ social life and behavior. Public health measures may have inadvertently impacted how people care for each other. This study investigated prosocial behavior, its association well-being, and predictors of prosocial behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and sought to understand whether region-specific differences exist. Participants from eight regions clustering multiple countries around the world responded to a cross-sectional online-survey investigating the psychological consequences of the first upsurge of lockdowns in spring 2020. Prosocial behavior (...) was reported to occur frequently. Multiple regression analyses showed that prosocial behavior was associated with better well-being consistently across regions. With regard to predictors of prosocial behavior, high levels of perceived social support were most strongly associated with prosocial behavior, followed by high levels of perceived stress, positive affect and psychological flexibility. Sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of prosocial behavior were similar across regions. (shrink)

El desafío científico-político de coproducir y proveer "servicios climáticos" en el sudeste de Sudamérica / Cecilia Hidalgo -- Coproducción, ciencia y activismo : empoderamiento epistémico y retórico de activistas seropositivos en la Argentina / Emiliano Marello -- Coproducción en lactancia materna y alimentación del niño pequeño / Pablo Duran -- Coproducción de conocimientos entre especialistas y docentes mediados por una plataforma virtual gubernamental / Marisa Álvarez, Verónica Xhardez y Marcela Pologna -- Conocimiento científico, performatividad e interacción social: compromisos filosófico-sociológicos (...) / María de los A. Martini -- Aportes para un lenguaje de la coproducción / María Laura Martínez -- Ciencia, retórica y semiótica / Robert C. Marafioti -- La cuestión de la agencia en el discurso coproduccionista / Sergio Russo -- Aprendices de brujos : interludios y variaciones en la antropología de la ciencia / Adriana A. Stagnaro -- Una teoría sociológica del conocimiento humano / Florencia Rimoldi -- El conocimiento en la comunicación : aportes pragmatikstas apra la disoluciónd e la imagen clásica del conocimiento científico / Paula Rossi. (shrink)

Contiene una sección especial sobre Filosofía Latinoamericana, donde hay ponencias de los siguientes autores: Carlos Alemián, Abelardo Barra Ruatta, Alberto Buela y Oscar Wingartz Plata. Además, sobre Arturo A. Roig (dos artículos, uno de Estela Fernández y otro de Marisa Muñoz, Dante Ramaglia y Oscar Zalazar); sobre ensayo y fenomenología en América Latina (Clara Alicia Jalif de Bertranou); sobre Agustín Alvarez (Dante Ramaglia); y sobre Simón Rodríguez (Oscar Salazar). De otras secciones destacamos una ponencia de Arturo A. Roig sobre (...) la historia de las ideas y la filosofía latinoamericana, y otras dos, una sobre Mariátegui (Néstor Kohan) y la segunda sobre Andrés Mercado Vera (Isabel Luchetta)"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58. (shrink)

This paper critically investigates the implementation of the UN guiding principles on business and human rights (UNGPs) into the corporate setting through the concept of ‘translation’. In the decade since the creation of the UNGPs, little academic research has focussed specifically on the corporate implementation of human rights. Drawing on qualitative case studies of two multinational corporations—an oil and gas company and a bank—this paper unpacks how human rights are translated into the corporate context. In doing so, the paper focuses (...) on the “resonance dilemma” translators encounter, the strategies used to make human rights understandable and palatable, and the difficulties that emerge from this process. We contend that the process of making human rights understandable and manageable can change their form and content, which may act as an obstacle to human rights realisation and corporate accountability for human rights. (shrink)

Psychonarratology is an approach to the empirical study of literary response and the processing of narrative. It draws on the empirical methodology of cognitive psychology and discourse processing as well as the theoretical insights and conceptual analysis of literary studies, particularly narratology. The present work provides a conceptual and empirical basis for this interdisciplinary approach that is accessible to researchers from either disciplinary background. An integrative review is presented of the classic problems in narratology: the status of the narrator, events (...) and plot, characters and characterization, speech and thought, and focalization. For each area, Bortolussi and Dixon critique the state of the art in narratology and literary studies, discuss relevant work in cognitive psychology, and provide a new analytical framework based on the insight that readers treat the narrator as a conversational participant. Empirical evidence is presented on each problem, much of it previously unpublished. (shrink)

What is considered normal determines clinical practice in medicine and has implications at an individual level, doctor-patient relationship and health care policies. With the increase in medical information and technical abilities it is urgent to have a clear concept of normality in medicine so that crucial discussions can be held with unequivocal terms.The different meanings for normality were analyzed throughout the literature and grouped according to their relevance in the academic community in models, namely the Biostatistical Theory (BST), Health, Ideal, (...) Process and Biological advantage. The BST is the most established naturalistic approach, however normal variability can arguably constitute a problem. Health is similar and raises the question of setting the boundaries of pathology. Normality as an Ideal is an useful tool but is naturally unrealistic. As a Process it is comprehensible but is hard to frame for practical purposes. If considered as a Biological Advantage, seems intuitive but abnormality should tend to disappear.After, three examples were presented to discuss these models. They were Anemia, Psychiatric diseases and Psychopathy. In the case of Anemia the BST was applied and the arbitrary boundaries but with social impact were exposed. Psychiatric diseases was discussed under the process of self-organization and non-suffering ideal. With Psychopathy the boundaries of biological advantage are questioned.This review appeals to the importance of redesigning of the concept of normality in medicine according to current times and stresses the importance of integrating concepts such as variability and autonomy. (shrink)

Este título da coleção "Conexões Musicais", de autoria da musicóloga e professora Marisa Fonterrada, relaciona aspectos musicais do meio ambiente, abordando os seguintes assuntos, entre outros: som e silêncio, sons do corpo, sons dos seres e fenômenos, características dos sons, sons de ontem e de agora, sons imaginados e criação e brincadeiras com os sons. Esta coleção, coordenada pela musicóloga Yara Caznok, visa apresentar ao leitor as várias conexões da música com outras expressões artísticas ou com disciplinas das ciências (...) humanas ou exatas. (shrink)

This papers intends to show that Aristotle's theory on the political nature of man implies a specific difference in relation to other animals and that this does not arise from his understanding of human beings as naturally vulnerable animals that would seek in political life an artifice to redress their insufficiency or individual vulnerability to live. The qualitative difference of human beings in relation to other animals - including political species, such as bees or ants - drives them to an (...) equally specific type of life, whose foundation obeys values that ca be universalized. The political application of these values does not correspond to what is done in the domestic sphere, nor does it correspond to the mere transposition to a quantitatively superior community, because the universality of political values is extracted from what is understood by human beings as necessary for the realization of man as man, not man as an element of nature. (shrink)

Understanding human beings and their distinctive rational and volitional capacities requires a clear account of such things as reasons, desires, emotions, and motives, and how they combine to produce and explain human behaviour. Maria Alvarez presents a fresh and incisive study of these concepts, centred on reasons and their role in human agency.

Odor naming is enhanced in communities where communication about odors is a central part of daily life (e.g., wine experts, flavorists, and some hunter‐gatherer groups). In this study, we investigated how expert knowledge and daily experience affect the ability to name odors in a group of experts that has not previously been investigated in this context—Iranian herbalists; also called attars—as well as cooks and laypeople. We assessed naming accuracy and consistency for 16 herb and spice odors, collected judgments of odor (...) perception, and evaluated participants' odor meta‐awareness. Participants' responses were overall more consistent and accurate for more frequent and familiar odors. Moreover, attars were more accurate than both cooks and laypeople at naming odors, although cooks did not perform significantly better than laypeople. Attars' perceptual ratings of odors and their overall odor meta‐awareness suggest they are also more attuned to odors than the other two groups. To conclude, Iranian attars—but not cooks—are better odor namers than laypeople. They also have greater meta‐awareness and differential perceptual responses to odors. These findings further highlight the critical role that expertise and type of experience have on olfactory functions. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:One Interpreter's Journey of Interpreting for Pregnancy LossMarisa Rueda WillInterpreters have to know everything." This is what I thought as I watched and shadowed a seasoned interpreter at a world-renowned medical center, during my J-term internship. The fact that I had gotten this opportunity was still hard to believe. There I was, shadowing medical interpreters at one of the best hospitals in the world during my senior year of (...) college after abruptly dropping my secondary education minor to pursue a career in medical interpreting. I felt fortunate for the opportunity and seized the chance to learn from the best of the best.When that same institution hired me after I graduated college in 2006, my training consisted of shadowing other interpreters and having them shadow me. There was no strict process, just one-on-one on-the-job training. The training I received was the best it could be at the time, but not even close to what it takes for an interpreter to become confident and prepared to interpret for most appointments.Growing up I hadn't been interested in the medical profession. When I started working as an interpreter, I soon learned that in addition to my A and B languages, I also needed to learn a C language—the language of medicine. Just as I learned Spanish, I had to learn that a CAT scan was a type of imaging study, and a creatinine level was a measure of kidney function. I was fascinated by the language of medicine. The acronyms, medications, diseases, body parts, hormones, markers, genes, everything.As fascinating as medicine was, it wasn't the reason I considered medical interpreting my calling. As soon as I started working as a volunteer healthcare interpreter at a local free clinic, I knew it was the way I wanted to make a difference in the world. The Spanish speakers I was helping were low-income, underprivileged people with serious medical conditions and a host of other socioeconomic problems. These were people who needed help. These were people who needed to be heard. These were people who needed to be seen. As an interpreter, I would be able to give them a voice. Fast forward 18 years and I am still making a difference in the lives of patients with Limited English Proficient (LEP) by giving them the gift of communicative autonomy, or the right to be in control of and responsible for their own communication.Communicative autonomy is one of the founding principles of the medical interpreting profession. It differentiates the professionals from ad-hoc interpreters and bilingual family and friends. This is because upholding communicative autonomy means that regardless of my personal beliefs, I must remain impartial in all situations. I must interpret what is said and allow all parties involved [End Page 156] to guide the conversation as they see fit. Ideally, I only intervene to mediate for cultural or linguistic reasons when needed.Some of the most ethically conflicting cases I have had to interpret have centered around pregnancy loss and abortion. When I started interpreting, I was a young single woman with a relatively liberal view on reproductive rights. However, one stillbirth and three healthy pregnancies later, my personal beliefs on the subject have become more complicated. Each time I interpret for a loss or induced abortion, I must dig deep and ask myself if I can remain impartial. I can still remember the first time I faced this dilemma.One evening, I was called to interpret for a labor and delivery case. When I arrived, I was informed that it was an induction of an 18-week-gestation fetus that had tested positive for Down syndrome on genetic testing. At the time, I didn't have strong beliefs about abortion. I had never been pregnant and really wasn't sure where I stood on the spectrum of a woman's body, a woman's choice, and abortion is murder. However, there I was, smack dab in the middle of an elective abortion on a weeknight.The bereavement nurse was seasoned and experienced. If it hadn't been for her guidance and poise, the ordeal would have been... (shrink)

V začetku štiridesetih let devetnajstega stoletja je Joseph Faber javnosti predstavil svoj izum ≫Čudoviti govoreči stroj≪, pozneje poznan pod imenom Euphonia, ki je obenem očaral in vznemirjal svoje občinstvo. Medtem, ko je njegova sposobnost posnemanja človeškega govora v različnih jezikih izkazovala izjemen mehanicistični dosežek, pa je njegov strašljivi glas sprožal nemir. Pričujoči prispevek preučuje dinamiko med Faberjem in njegovim izumom ter vleče vzporednice z Victorjem Frankensteinom Mary Shelley in njegovim ≫stvorom≪. V ospredju sta status umetne stvaritve in zaskrbljujoča narava imitacije, (...) ki jo postavljamo ob bok splošni ambivalentnosti do avtomatonov devetnajstega stoletja. Z analizo srečanja med stvarnikom in stvaritvijo je naš namen preučiti kompleksnost njunega razmerja in grozljivost, ki izhaja iz brisanja meja med človekom in strojem, ko nastopi učinek ≫podobnosti v razliki≪. (shrink)

En este trabajo, presentamos las líneas claves de la posición sostenida por Hilary Putman y los principales contrastes que el autor señala respecto de la visión de Jürgen Habermas, en el marco de un caluroso debate acerca de la relación entre los valores y las normas. Entre los temas abordados, destacan la posibilidad (o no) de separar valores y normas, cual sea el contenido universal de los enunciados éticos, en qué se funda la obligatoriedad de las normas y qué papel (...) desempeña la discusión en la situación ideal de habla, base de la ética del discurso habermasiana. Según entendemos, el debate pone de manifiesto tanto las debilidades parciales de ambas posiciones, cuanto las fecundas y latentes posibilidades de complementariedad. (shrink)

Nuestro trabajo intenta trazar puentes entre el concepto de potencia obedencial originado en el pensamiento medieval y una refl exión de Charles Taylor sobre la obra de Dostoievski. Desde ambas perspectivas se propone una continuidad entre los diversos órdenes de la realidad. Se señala la iniciativa de la Voluntad Creadora y la correspondencia por parte de la docilidad perceptiva de la persona. La apertura a las energías del sentido y el valor presentes en los seres y la apertura a la (...) gracia aparecen como la clave para la fecundidad de la vida entendida como convivencia. Desde este punto de vista, el bien se identifica con la unidad y el mal con la separación. (shrink)

En este artículo se presenta el guión de una conferencia que Roberto Lehmann-Nitsche, pocos años después de radicarse en la Argentina, desarrolló en 1901 acerca del folklore mapuche. La intervención se realizó a solicitud de la Deutschen Frauen Verein, una asociación de mujeres alemanas con sede en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, y abordó aspectos teóricos sobre esta disciplina, entonces en expansión, desde la perspectiva germana. Además, realizó una catalogación de los materiales empíricos documentados por este antropólogo durante los primeros (...) años de su residencia en el país. El texto original, hasta el momento inédito, se entrega en su versión en alemán y en traducción al español. En la presentación se proporciona un análisis que permite reconocer cómo en esta intervención se integran apreciaciones que Lehmann-Nitsche también sostuvo en posteriores publicaciones científicas y de divulgación por él realizadas. Como se sabe, su producción en el campo del folklore comprendió dos vertientes: por un lado, el folklore criollo y por otro, el devenido de arte verbal y tradiciones de los pueblos indígenas preexistentes, en especial textos correspondientes a géneros narrativos y adivinanzas en las lenguas propias y en castellano. En relación con este último aspecto, se retoman aportes de autores filiados en la tradición germana a fin de indicar afinidades y vínculos, con algunos americanistas que eran sus contemporáneos. (shrink)

Francisco Leocata, Situación y perspectivas de la filosofía moral actual, Buenos Aires, Don Bosco, 2017, 258 pp., ISBN 978-950-514-811-0.

The paper analyses the place of the End in Mary Shelley’s 1826 science fiction novel The Last Man, in which the image of a world devoid of humanity, as portrayed by the last man writing the last book, is drawn before the reader through a conceptual rethinking of notions such as the loss of the world, prophecy of the future, and oblivion of the past, as well as the return of the irretrievable through the siren song.

In this study, we examine the accounts of 30 white middle- and upper-class female heroin/methadone users. Using a resistance framework, we note that these women recall their initial heroin use in ways that suggest rejection of restrictive gender and class expectations. Using a dynamic view of resistance, we begin to understand how these women attempt to resist the dominant discourse through their heroin use and to reinterpret their experiences with heroin.

Following a discourse analysis approach this study examines triadic encounters of nine medical consultations carried out in an outpatient cancer clinic in Santiago, Chile involving an oncologist, a patient and a patient’s companion. Consultations are fully transcribed and analysed to understand the participatory roles patients’ companions play in the medical exchanges. In addition, the type of linguistic functions associated with each role and the advantages or downsides of companions’ involvement in the encounters are also investigated. The analysis reveals seven prominent (...) roles that companions may engage in during the visits. These are studied in detail. The results show that although companions may not always provide information that is consistent with the patients’ views, they can be of great help. Relieving the patients of many daunting tasks, monitoring their well-being, establishing a partnership and bringing vital information to the clinic are instances where the controlling power that some may exercise in the medical encounter can be outweighed. (shrink)

ara La Mettrie, o estudo da natureza inicia-se no homem cuja estrutura deve ser considerada em comparação com a dos animais, estando todos submetidos às mesmas leis e sujeitos à destruição. Ao adotar o ponto de vista médico, La Mettrie aproxima a filosofia da medicina. A partir dessa aproximação, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo abordar como se dá a vinculação entre medicina e filosofia, enfatizando o entrelaçamento entre os pontos de vista médico, filosófico e moral. To La Mettrie, the (...) study of nature begins in the man whose structure should be considered in comparison with that of animals, all being subjected to the same laws, and subject to destruction. By adopting the medical point of view, La Mettrie brings close philosophy and medicine. Following this approach, this paper aims to address how the close connection between philosophy and medicine is possible, by emphasizing the entanglement between medical, philosophical and moral points of views. (shrink)

In the early 1840s, Joseph Faber presented his invention “The Wonderful Talking Machine,” later known as Euphonia, which captivated and unsettled audiences alike. While its ability to imitate human speech in various languages represented a remarkable mechanical feat, its “uncanny” voice elicited unease. The paper examines the dynamic between Faber and his invention, drawing parallels with Mary Shelley’s Victor Frankenstein and his “creature.” We focus on the status of artificial creation and the unsettling nature of imitation, emphasizing the general ambivalence (...) towards automata in the 19th century. By exploring the encounter between creator and creation, we examine the complexity of their relation and the horror that emanates from the blurring of the boundaries between man and machine when an effect of “likeness in difference” takes place. (shrink)

The paper explores the contact between the literary notion of the end of the world as depicted in H.G. Wells’s science fiction novel _The Time Machine_ and the concept of extinction, in the sense developed by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier, who at the turn of the 19 th century formulated a thesis about the structure of the world with a built-in end. The time traveller in Wells’s novel is driven into the distant future by an obsessive desire to know (...) the fate of the world. He encounters it on the shores of an already dead sea, where he is greeted by the image of a dying world, unmoving in the dull red light of a never-setting sun. Cuvier, on the other hand, encounters the end of the world as a reader of traces of history as told by nature through its layering and piling up. Within these layers, Cuvier recognises moments of repetitive interruptions that have left behind not only whole species and genera, but also entire worlds in the great natural history. The key question, then, is the status of the end within the proposed mechanism of return and repetition. (shrink)

The New Economic Windows Series, derived from Massimo Salzano's ideas and work, incorporates material from textbooks, monographs and conference proceedings that deals with both the theoretical and applied aspects of various sub-disciplines ...

Starting for the good results reached in physics researchers in economics and finance have been interested in testing nonlinear dependence and chaos in economic models and data. A wide variety of reasons for this interest have been suggested, including an attempt to improve the forecasting accuracy of linear time series models and to better explain the dynamics of the underlying variables of interest using a richer class of models than that permitted by limiting the set to the linear case. But (...) chaos theory has not had the same impact in the economics as it has in the hard sciences like physics. The literature did not provide a solid support for chaos as a consequence of the high noise level that exists in most economic time series, the relatively small sample sizes of data, and the weak robustness of chaos tests for these data. (shrink)

Understanding the experiences of volunteers is critical to the effective management of non-profit organizations. Many organizations benefit greatly from the work of volunteers; however, little is known about the interest of occasional volunteers in repeating their experience. Our research aims to understand occasional volunteers and their intention to repeat the experience. To achieve this objective, it is essential to understand volunteers’ motivations and the influence of volunteers’ previous experiences in motivations. At the same time, it is necessary to know how (...) these factors may impact satisfaction and therefore, the intention to repeat the experience in the future. For this research, we analyzed the campaigns organized by the Food Bank Against Hunger (FBAH) in Portugal. Through online questionnaires, data were collected at two different moments: one month before and one month after the campaign. Results show five motivations categories: purposive, understanding, protection and enhancement, group identification and career. The research shows that motivations vary depending on volunteers’ previous experience, and this fact may also influence the level of satisfaction with the experience. All volunteers presented a high level of satisfaction and this variable influences volunteers intention of repeating, that is, volunteers wanting to be engaged in future campaigns. (shrink)

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) are facing growing pressure to become more performance oriented. The existence of a rising number of NPOs and the scarcity of fund sources is an increasingly worrying scenario. Our case study examines the experiences of three non-governmental development organizations (NGDOs) and discusses the possible existence of a relationship among fund sources and organizational performance. Non-profits are gradually required to respond to performance measurement directives and their fund sources may be scarce, in terms of quantity and diversity. Two (...) central findings emerged from interviews and document analysis. First, there is a relationship between funds and performance, additional/greater funds positively influence organizational performance. Second, funds diversity play a critical role on performance, diversification of funds sources reduces the dependence of organizations and consecutively improves their performance. (shrink)

As children with Down syndrome (DS) typically manifest significant delays in language development, the research has pointed out the predictors of later language skills for this clinical population. The purpose of this study was to systematically explore the evidence for early predictors of language outcomes in infants and toddlers with DS from studies published between 2012 and 2022. After the search, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that maternal educational level, adaptive level of functioning, cognitive function, attention (...) skills, communicative intent of the child, early vocalizations, gestures, baby signs, parents’ translation of their children’s gestures into words, and vocabulary level are significant predictors of language outcomes in children with DS. These findings provide a timely and warranted summary of published work that contributes to current understanding of the development of language and communication in DS. They are therefore useful to researchers, clinicians, and families. (shrink)