Results for 'Martina Schäfer'

963 found
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  1.  86
    Challenges in Internet Addiction Disorder: Is a Diagnosis Feasible or Not?Alessandro Musetti, Roberto Cattivelli, Marco Giacobbi, Pablo Zuglian, Martina Ceccarini, Francesca Capelli, Giada Pietrabissa & Gianluca Castelnuovo - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7:177995.
    An important international discussion began because of some pioneer studies carried out by Young (1996a) on the internet addiction disorder (IAD). In the fifth and most recent version of the Diagnostic, and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) there is no mention of this disorder and among researchers there are basically two opposite positions. Those who are in favor of a specific diagnosis and those who are claiming the importance of specific criteria characterizing this behavior and the precise role it (...)
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  2.  23
    Role of the Cingulate Cortex in Dyskinesias-Reduced-Self-Awareness: An fMRI Study on Parkinson’s Disease Patients.Sara Palermo, Leonardo Lopiano, Rosalba Morese, Maurizio Zibetti, Alberto Romagnolo, Mario Stanziano, Mario Giorgio Rizzone, Giuliano Carlo Geminiani, Maria Consuelo Valentini & Martina Amanzio - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
  3.  71
    Managing chronic pathologies with a stepped mHealth-based approach in clinical psychology and medicine.Gianluca Castelnuovo, Italo Zoppis, Eugenio Santoro, Martina Ceccarini, Giada Pietrabissa, Gian Mauro Manzoni, Stefania Corti, Maria Borrello, Emanuele Maria Giusti, Roberto Cattivelli, Anna Melesi, Giancarlo Mauri, Enrico Molinari & Francesco Sicurello - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
  4.  39
    Domain-Specificity of Creativity: A Study on the Relationship Between Visual Creativity and Visual Mental Imagery.Massimiliano Palmiero, Raffaella Nori, Vincenzo Aloisi, Martina Ferrara & Laura Piccardi - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
  5.  57
    Ethical aspects of age(ing) in the context of medicine and healthcare: an outline of central problems and research perspectives.Mark Schweda, Michael Coors, Anika Mitzkat, Larissa Pfaller, Heinz Rüegger, Martina Schmidhuber, Uwe Sperling & Claudia Bozzaro - 2018 - Ethik in der Medizin 30 (1):5-20.
    Die individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen des demographischen Wandels rücken moralische Fragen, die den angemessenen Umgang mit älteren Menschen und die sinnvolle Gestaltung des Lebens im Alter betreffen, verstärkt in den Mittelpunkt öffentlicher Aufmerksamkeit sowie medizin- bzw. pflegeethischer und gesundheitspolitischer Auseinandersetzungen. Allerdings wird das Altern als Prozess und das höhere Alter als Lebensphase in vielen dieser medizin- bzw. pflegeethischen und gesundheitspolitischen Debatten zumeist lediglich unter dem spezifischen Gesichtspunkt der jeweils erörterten Praktiken, Fragestellungen und Problemlagen thematisiert. Eine Betrachtung, die diese verschiedenen konkreten (...)
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  6.  2
    Start doing the right thing: Indicators for socially responsible start-ups and investors.Mark Ryan, Eugen Popa, Vincent Blok, Andrea Declich, Maresa Berliri, Alfonso Alfonsi, Simeon Veloudis, Natalia Costanzo & Martina Iannuzzi - 2024 - Journal of Responsible Technology 20 (C):100094.
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  7.  50
    Foucault, the Iranian Uprising and the Constitution of a Collective Subjectivity.Laura Cremonesi, Orazio Irrera, Daniele Lorenzini & Martina Tazzioli - 2018 - Foucault Studies 25:299-311.
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  8.  21
    The Factor Structure and External Validity of the COPE 60 Inventory in Slovak Translation.Júlia Halamová, Martin Kanovský, Katarina Krizova, Katarína Greškovičová, Bronislava Strnádelová & Martina Baránková - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    The COPE Inventory is the most frequently used measure of coping; yet previous studies examining its factor structure yielded mixed results. The purpose of the current study, therefore, was to validate the factor structure of the COPE Inventory in a representative sample of over 2,000 adults in Slovakia. Our second goal was to evaluate the external validity of the COPE inventory, which has not been done before. Firstly, we performed the exploratory factor analysis with half of the sample. Subsequently, we (...)
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  9.  57
    Perception of Filtered Speech by Children with Developmental Dyslexia and Children with Specific Language Impairments.Usha Goswami, Ruth Cumming, Maria Chait, Martina Huss, Natasha Mead, Angela M. Wilson, Lisa Barnes & Tim Fosker - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7:182413.
    Here we use two filtered speech tasks to investigate children’s processing of slow (.
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  10.  20
    A new argument for linguistic determinants of human thought.Wolfram Hinzen, Txuss Martin & Martina Wiltschko - 2024 - Linguistics and Philosophy 47 (6):1027-1043.
    We argue that the commonly accepted existence of grammatical concepts such as Person (in the grammatical sense) or Tense poses an unrecognized challenge to the idea that human thought is independent of language. The argument is that such concepts identify aspects of linguistic expressions that also systematically define the contents and identity of the thoughts expressed in language. Since grammatical concepts are not known to have non-grammatical analogues, the thoughts in question do not appear to be non-linguistic in nature. We (...)
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  11. Autonomy and Enhancement.G. Owen Schaefer, Guy Kahane & Julian Savulescu - 2013 - Neuroethics 7 (2):123-136.
    Some have objected to human enhancement on the grounds that it violates the autonomy of the enhanced. These objections, however, overlook the interesting possibility that autonomy itself could be enhanced. How, exactly, to enhance autonomy is a difficult problem due to the numerous and diverse accounts of autonomy in the literature. Existing accounts of autonomy enhancement rely on narrow and controversial conceptions of autonomy. However, we identify one feature of autonomy common to many mainstream accounts: reasoning ability. Autonomy can then (...)
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  12.  30
    Children's narratives and well-being.Robyn Fivush, Kelly Marin, Megan Crawford, Martina Reynolds & Chris R. Brewin - 2007 - Cognition and Emotion 21 (7):1414-1434.
  13. Direct vs. Indirect Moral Enhancement.G. Owen Schaefer - 2015 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 25 (3):261-289.
    Moral enhancement is an ostensibly laudable project. Who wouldn’t want people to become more moral? Still, the project’s approach is crucial. We can distinguish between two approaches for moral enhancement: direct and indirect. Direct moral enhancements aim at bringing about particular ideas, motives or behaviors. Indirect moral enhancements, by contrast, aim at making people more reliably produce the morally correct ideas, motives or behaviors without committing to the content of those ideas, motives and/or actions. I will argue, on Millian grounds, (...)
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  14. The Obligation to Participate in Biomedical Research.G. Owen Schaefer, Ezekiel J. Emanuel & Alan Wertheimer - 2009 - Journal of the American Medical Association 302 (1):67-72.
    The current prevailing view is that participation in biomedical research is above and beyond the call of duty. While some commentators have offered reasons against this, we propose a novel public goods argument for an obligation to participate in biomedical research. Biomedical knowledge is a public good, available to any individual even if that individual does not contribute to it. Participation in research is a critical way to support an important public good. Consequently, all have a duty to participate. The (...)
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  15. Martina Stieler's Memories of Edmund Husserl.Martina Stieler - forthcoming - The New Yearbook for Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy.
  16.  29
    “Health in the Mirror”: An Unconventional Approach to Unmet Psychological Needs in Oncology.Valentina E. Di Mattei, Letizia Carnelli, Paola Taranto, Martina Bernardi, Chiara Brombin, Federica Cugnata, Angela Noviello, Morag Currin, Giorgia Mangili, Emanuela Rabaiotti, Lucio Sarno & Massimo Candiani - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  17.  29
    The Effectiveness of a Body-Affective Mindfulness Intervention for Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Sara Carletto, Valentina Tesio, Martina Borghi, Diana Francone, Francesco Scavelli, Gabriella Bertino, Simona Malucchi, Antonio Bertolotto, Francesco Oliva, Riccardo Torta & Luca Ostacoli - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  18.  20
    CHAPTER 14 Curated Panel: ‘Art as Laboratory for Modes of Being-With’.Marie-Luise Angerer, Irina Kaldrack, Martina Leeker, Taru Leppänen, Heidi Fast, Žilvinė Gaižutytė-Filipavičienė, Basia Nikiforova, Nevena Dakovic, Neda Radulovic, Felicity Colman & Helen Palmer - 2024 - In Felicity Colman & Iris van der Tuin (eds.), Methods and Genealogies of New Materialisms. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 298-326.
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  19. Procedural Moral Enhancement.G. Owen Schaefer & Julian Savulescu - 2016 - Neuroethics 12 (1):73-84.
    While philosophers are often concerned with the conditions for moral knowledge or justification, in practice something arguably less demanding is just as, if not more, important – reliably making correct moral judgments. Judges and juries should hand down fair sentences, government officials should decide on just laws, members of ethics committees should make sound recommendations, and so on. We want such agents, more often than not and as often as possible, to make the right decisions. The purpose of this paper (...)
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  20.  39
    Biobanking and consenting to research: a qualitative thematic analysis of young people’s perspectives in the North East of England.Momodou Ndure, Isatou Sarr, Anna Roca, Kalifa Bojang, Effua Usuf, Fiona Cresswell, Elizabeth Fitchett, David Bath, Manuel Dewez, Shunmay Yeung, Sebastian Schroepf, Carola Schoen, Karl Reiter, Esther Maier, Eberhard Lurz, Matthias Kappler, Sabrina Juranek, Tobias Feuchtinger, Matthias Griese, Florian Hoffmann, Niklaus Haas, Katharina Danhauser, Irene Alba-Alejandre, Ioanna Mavridi, Patricia Schmied, Laura Kolberg, Ulrich von Both, Maike K. Tauchert, Elmar Wallner, Volker Strenger, Andrea Skrabl-Baumgartner, Siegfried Rödl, Klaus Pfurtscheller, Andreas Pfleger, Heidemarie Pilch, Tobias Niedrist, Sabine Löffler, Markus Keldorfer, Andreas Kapper, Christa Hude, Almuthe Hauer, Harald Haidl, Siegfried Gallistl, Ernst Eber, Astrid Ceolotto, Martin Benesch, Sebastian Bauchinger, Manfred G. Sagmeister, Martina Strempfl, Bianca Stoiser, Glorija Rajic, Alexandra Rusu, Lena Pölz, Manuel Leitner, Susanne Hösele, Christoph Zurl, Nina A. Schweintzger, Daniel S. Kohlfürst, Benno Kohlmaier & Ale Binder - 2023 - BMC Medical Ethics 24 (1):1-11.
    BackgroundBiobanking biospecimens and consent are common practice in paediatric research. We need to explore children and young people’s (CYP) knowledge and perspectives around the use of and consent to biobanking. This will ensure meaningful informed consent can be obtained and improve current consent procedures.MethodsWe designed a survey, in co-production with CYP, collecting demographic data, views on biobanking, and consent using three scenarios: 1) prospective consent, 2) deferred consent, and 3) reconsent and assent at age of capacity. The survey was disseminated (...)
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  21. Assessing the effectiveness of a large database of emotion-eliciting films: A new tool for emotion researchers.Alexandre Schaefer, Frédéric Nils, Xavier Sanchez & Pierre Philippot - 2010 - Cognition and Emotion 24 (7):1153-1172.
    Using emotional film clips is one of the most popular and effective methods of emotion elicitation. The main goal of the present study was to develop and test the effectiveness of a new and comprehensive set of emotional film excerpts. Fifty film experts were asked to remember specific film scenes that elicited fear, anger, sadness, disgust, amusement, tenderness, as well as emotionally neutral scenes. For each emotion, the 10 most frequently mentioned scenes were selected and cut into film clips. Next, (...)
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  22.  68
    Rapid Automatized Naming as a Universal Marker of Developmental Dyslexia in Italian Monolingual and Minority-Language Children.Desiré Carioti, Natale Stucchi, Carlo Toneatto, Marta Franca Masia, Martina Broccoli, Sara Carbonari, Simona Travellini, Milena Del Monte, Roberta Riccioni, Antonella Marcelli, Mirta Vernice, Maria Teresa Guasti & Manuela Berlingeri - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13:783775.
    Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) is considered a universal marker of developmental dyslexia (DD) and could also be helpful to identify a reading deficit in minority-language children (MLC), in which it may be hard to disentangle whether the reading difficulties are due to a learning disorder or a lower proficiency in the language of instruction. We tested reading and rapid naming skills in monolingual Good Readers (mGR), monolingual Poor Readers (mPR), and MLC, by using our new version of RAN, the RAN-Shapes, (...)
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  23. The Ethics of Producing In Vitro Meat.G. Owen Schaefer & Julian Savulescu - 2014 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 31 (2):188-202.
    The prospect of consumable meat produced in a laboratory setting without the need to raise and slaughter animals is both realistic and exciting. Not only could such in vitro meat become popular due to potential cost savings, but it also avoids many of the ethical and environmental problems with traditional meat productions. However, as with any new technology, in vitro meat is likely to face some detractors. We examine in detail three potential objections: 1) in vitro meat is disrespectful, either (...)
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  24.  31
    Geleitwort.Johannes L. Brandl, Marian David, Martina Fürst, Guido Melchior, Dolf Rami, Maria Reicher & Leopold Stubenberg - 2023 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 100 (1-2):3-4.
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  25. Can reproductive genetic manipulation save lives?G. Owen Schaefer - 2020 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy (3):381-386.
    It has recently been argued that reproductive genetic manipulation technologies like mitochondrial replacement and germline CRISPR modifications cannot be said to save anyone’s life because, counterfactually, no one would suffer more or die sooner absent the intervention. The present article argues that, on the contrary, reproductive genetic manipulations may be life-saving (and, from this, have therapeutic value) under an appropriate population health perspective. As such, popular reports of reproductive genetic manipulations potentially saving lives or preventing disease are not necessarily mistaken, (...)
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  26.  34
    AI models and the future of genomic research and medicine: True sons of knowledge?Harald König, Daniel Frank, Martina Baumann & Reinhard Heil - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (10):2100025.
    The increasing availability of large‐scale, complex data has made research into how human genomes determine physiology in health and disease, as well as its application to drug development and medicine, an attractive field for artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Looking at recent developments, we explore how such approaches interconnect and may conflict with needs for and notions of causal knowledge in molecular genetics and genomic medicine. We provide reasons to suggest that—while capable of generating predictive knowledge at unprecedented pace and scale—if (...)
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  27.  4
    Environmental Impact Analysis as a Consequence of Cement Production in Villa María del Triunfo, Lima 2023.Alania-Vasquez Miguel Angel, Ayala-Tandazo José Eduardo, Gonzales-Rojas Wilmer Charly, Delgado-De la Cruz Nancy Maria & Bruno Seminario Angela Martina - forthcoming - Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture:1144-1154.
    The objective of the research was to explain the environmental impact in a district of Lima as a consequence of the cement production carried out by the factory in a traditional way. The study was conducted under the interpretative paradigm, with a qualitative approach, descriptive level, basic type and phenomenological design. The informants were a diverse group to obtain responses: eight people, including municipal employees and specialists, managers and residents. A semi-structured interview guide was used as an instrument and the (...)
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  28. On the (im)possibility of identifying the evidence base of the impact of star architecture projects.Nadia Alaily-Mattar, Martina Löw & Alain Thierstein - 2022 - In Sarah Ehlers & Stefan Esselborn (eds.), Evidence in action between science and society: constructing, validating and contesting knowledge. New York, NY: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
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  29.  23
    Intellectual capital and financial performance: A comparative study.Shahid Ali, Ghulam Murtaza, Martina Hedvicakova, Junfeng Jiang & Muhammad Naeem - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Intellectual Capital is a driving force behind the financial performance of non-financial firms. Investing in intellectual and physical capital allows companies to optimize their financial performance by maximizing resource utilization. This study aims to determine whether IC efficiency impacts the financial performance of listed Pakistani and Indian companies between 2010 and 2020. Return on Assets and Return on Equity are used to calculate financial performance, and IC is calculated using the modified Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient model. Regression analysis is performed using (...)
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  30.  46
    Reflective Practice: A Method to Improve Teachers’ Well-Being. A Longitudinal Training in Early Childhood Education and Care Centers.Ada Cigala, Elena Venturelli & Martina Bassetti - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  31.  41
    Are delusional contents replayed during dreams?Armando D’Agostino, Giacomo Aletti, Martina Carboni, Simone Cavallotti, Ivan Limosani, Marialaura Manzone & Silvio Scarone - 2013 - Consciousness and Cognition 22 (3):708-715.
    The relationship between dream content and waking life experiences remains difficult to decipher. However, some neurobiological findings suggest that dreaming can, at least in part, be considered epiphenomenal to ongoing memory consolidation processes in sleep. Both abnormalities in sleep architecture and impairment in memory consolidation mechanisms are thought to be involved in the development of psychosis. The objective of this study was to assess the continuity between delusional contents and dreams in acutely psychotic patients. Ten patients with a single fixed (...)
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  32.  35
    Identification of Socio-demographic and Psychological Factors Affecting Women’s Propensity to Breastfeed: An Italian Cohort.Valentina E. Di Mattei, Letizia Carnelli, Martina Bernardi, Chiara Jongerius, Chiara Brombin, Federica Cugnata, Anna Ogliari, Stefania Rinaldi, Massimo Candiani & Lucio Sarno - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  33.  15
    Enhancing Psychological Sexual Health of People With Spinal Cord Injury and Their Partners in an Italian Unipolar Spinal Unit: A Pilot Data Study.Stefano Federici, Francesco Artegiani, Martina Pigliautile, Paolo Antonelli, Daniele Diotallevi, Innocenza Ritacco & Renée Maschke - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  34.  17
    There must be a way out: The consensual qualitative analysis of best coping practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.Júlia Halamová, Katarína Greškovičová, Martina Baránková, Bronislava Strnádelová & Katarina Krizova - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Despite the continuous efforts to understand coping processes, very little is known about the utilization of best coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to analyze the coping strategies of individuals who scored high on an adaptive coping questionnaire in order to understand the most adaptive coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used consensual qualitative analysis in a team of four researchers and one auditor. The convenience sample from which we identified the high scorers comprised (...)
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  35.  31
    Subadult ravens generally don't transfer valuable tokens to conspecifics when there is nothing to gain for themselves.Jorg J. M. Massen, Megan Lambert, Martina Schiestl & Thomas Bugnyar - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  36.  12
    Indices of Loading and Propulsive Ability in the Gait of Patients With Chronic Stroke With Equinus Foot Deviation: A Correlation Study.Davide Mazzoli, Giacomo Basini, Paolo Prati, Martina Galletti, Francesca Mascioli, Chiara Rambelli, Paolo Zerbinati, Isabella Campanini & Andrea Merlo - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15.
    In literature, indices of overall walking ability that are based on ground reaction forces have been proposed because of their ease of administration with patients. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between the indices of dynamic loading and propulsion ability of 40 chronic hemiparetic post-stroke patients with equinus foot deviation and a set of clinical assessments of ankle joint deviations and walking ability. Ankle passive and active range of motion and triceps surae spasticity were considered, along with walking speed (...)
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  37.  24
    Psychological Distress in a Sample of Inpatients With Mixed Cancer—A Cross-Sectional Study of Routine Clinical Data.Luisa Peters, Jan Brederecke, Anke Franzke, Martina de Zwaan & Tanja Zimmermann - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    BackgroundThe diagnosis and treatment of cancer are associated with psychological distress that often leads to a significant reduction in emotional and physical well-being and quality of life. Early detection of psychological distress is therefore important. This study aims to assess the psychological distress of inpatient cancer patients using routine clinical data. Furthermore, variables and problems most strongly associated with psychological distress should be identified.Materials and MethodsN = 1,869 inpatients were investigated using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer and problem (...)
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  38.  20
    A typology of nurses' interaction with relatives in emergency situations.Nadia Primc, Sven Schwabe, Juliane Poeck, Andreas Günther, Martina Hasseler & Giovanni Rubeis - 2023 - Nursing Ethics 30 (2):232-244.
    Background In nursing homes, residents’ relatives represent important sources of support for nurses. However, in the heightened stress of emergency situations, interaction between nurses and relatives can raise ethical challenges. Research objectives The present analysis aimed at elaborating a typology of nurses’ experience of ethical support and challenges in their interaction with relatives in emergency situations. Research design Thirty-three semi-structured interviews and six focus groups were conducted with nurses from different nursing homes in Germany. Data were analysed according to Mayring’s (...)
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  39.  8
    (3 other versions)Perspektiven der Philosophie: Neues Jahrbuch. Band 29 – 2003. Begründet von Rudolph Berlinger †.Wiebke Schrader, Georges Goedert & Martina Scherbel (eds.) - 2003 - Brill | Rodopi.
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  40. The Right to Withdraw from Research.G. Owen Schaefer & Alan Wertheimer - 2010 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 20 (4):329-352.
    The right to withdraw from participation in research is recognized in virtually all national and international guidelines for research on human subjects. It is therefore surprising that there has been little justification for that right in the literature. We argue that the right to withdraw should protect research participants from information imbalance, inability to hedge, inherent uncertainty, and untoward bodily invasion, and it serves to bolster public trust in the research enterprise. Although this argument is not radical, it provides a (...)
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  41. Precision Medicine and Big Data: The Application of an Ethics Framework for Big Data in Health and Research.G. Owen Schaefer, E. Shyong Tai & Shirley Sun - 2019 - Asian Bioethics Review 11 (3):275-288.
    As opposed to a ‘one size fits all’ approach, precision medicine uses relevant biological, medical, behavioural and environmental information about a person to further personalize their healthcare. This could mean better prediction of someone’s disease risk and more effective diagnosis and treatment if they have a condition. Big data allows for far more precision and tailoring than was ever before possible by linking together diverse datasets to reveal hitherto-unknown correlations and causal pathways. But it also raises ethical issues relating to (...)
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  42. Religious Affects: Animality, Evolution, and Power.Donovan O. Schaefer - unknown
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  43.  14
    A meta-analysis of factors influencing the development of trust in automation: Implications for understanding autonomy in future systems.K. E. Schaefer, J. Y. Chen, J. L. Szalma & P. A. Hancock - 2016 - Human Factors 58.
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  44.  42
    Reconceptualizing Moral Disengagement as a Process: Transcending Overly Liberal and Overly Conservative Practice in the Field.Ulf Schaefer & Onno Bouwmeester - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 172 (3):525-543.
    Moral disengagement was initially conceptualized as a process through which people reconstrue unethical behaviors, with the effect of deactivating self-sanctions and thereby clearing the way for ethical transgressions. Our article challenges how researchers now conceptualize moral disengagement. The current literature is overly liberal, in that it mixes two related but distinct constructs—process moral disengagement and the propensity to morally disengage—creating ambiguity in the findings. It is overly conservative, as it adopts a challengeable classification scheme of “four points in moral self-regulation” (...)
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  45. The importance of getting the ethics right in a pandemic treaty.G. Owen Schaefer, Caesar A. Atuire, Sharon Kaur, Michael Parker, Govind Persad, Maxwell J. Smith, Ross Upshur & Ezekiel Emanuel - 2023 - The Lancet Infectious Diseases 23 (11):e489 - e496.
    The COVID-19 pandemic revealed numerous weaknesses in pandemic preparedness and response, including underfunding, inadequate surveillance, and inequitable distribution of countermeasures. To overcome these weaknesses for future pandemics, WHO released a zero draft of a pandemic treaty in February, 2023, and subsequently a revised bureau's text in May, 2023. COVID-19 made clear that pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response reflect choices and value judgements. These decisions are therefore not a purely scientific or technical exercise, but are fundamentally grounded in ethics. The latest (...)
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  46.  56
    The Right to Know: A Revised Standard for Reporting Incidental Findings.G. Owen Schaefer & Julian Savulescu - 2018 - Hastings Center Report 48 (2):22-32.
    The “best-medical-interests” standard for reporting findings does not go far enough. Research subjects have a right to know about any comprehensible piece of information about them that is generated by research in which they are participating. An even broader standard may sometimes be appropriate: if subjects agree to accept information that they may not understand, then all information may be disclosed.
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  47.  61
    Rationality, uncertainty, and unanimity: an epistemic critique of contractarianism.Alexander Schaefer - 2021 - Economics and Philosophy 37 (1):82-117.
    This paper considers contractarianism as a method of justification. The analysis accepts the key tenets of contractarianism: expected utility maximization, unanimity as the criteria of acceptance, and social-scientific uncertainty of modelled agents. In addition to these three features, however, the analysis introduces a fourth feature: a criteria of rational belief formation, viz. Bayesian belief updating. Using a formal model, this paper identifies a decisive objection to contractarian justification. Insofar as contractarian projects approximate the Agreement Model, therefore, they fail to justify (...)
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  48.  41
    Identification of risk factors for moral distress in nurses: basis for the development of a new assessment tool.Rafaela Schaefer, Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone Zoboli & Margarida Vieira - 2016 - Nursing Inquiry 23 (4):346-357.
    This article proposes to identify risk factors for moral distress from the literature, validate them through expert analysis and provide the basis for a new tool to assess the risk of moral distress among nurses. Moral distress is related to the psychological, emotional and physiological aspects of nursing. It arises from constraints caused by various circumstances and can lead to significant negative consequences. A scoping review and validation through expert analysis were used. The research question guiding this study was as (...)
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  49. Navigating conflicts of justice in the use of race and ethnicity in precision medicine.G. Owen Schaefer, E. Shyong Tai & Shirley Hsiao-Li Sun - 2020 - Bioethics 34 (8):849-856.
    Given the sordid history of injustices linking genetics to race and ethnicity, considerations of justice are central to ensuring the responsible development of precision medicine programmes around the world. While considerations of justice may be in tension with other areas of concern, such as scientific value or privacy, there are also tensions between different aspects of justice. This paper focuses on three particular aspects of justice relevant to this precision medicine: social justice, distributive justice and human rights. We describe the (...)
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  50. The need for donor consent in mitochondrial replacement.G. Owen Schaefer - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (12):825-829.
    Mitochondrial replacement therapy requires oocytes of women whose mitochondrial DNA will be transmitted to resultant children. These techniques are scientifically, ethically and socially controversial; it is likely that some women who donate their oocytes for general in vitro fertilisation usage would nevertheless oppose their genetic material being used in MRT. The possibility of oocytes being used in MRT is therefore relevant to oocyte donation and should be included in the consent process when applicable. In present circumstances, specific consent should be (...)
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